INTRODUCTION TO FIELD CRAFT &

BATTLE CRAFT
89. Field Craft:
• It is an important aspect of military training as it is the art of using the ground
and the weapon to the best of one’s advantage.
90. What are the subjects involves in the field craft?
a) Visual training.
b) Recognition and description of targets.
c) Personal camouflage and concealment.
d) Judging distance.
e) Movement with and without arms.
f) Fire discipline and control.
91. Battle Craft:
• Battle craft is nothing but set of drills which are essential for conduct of
successful operation in the battle field.
92. What are subjects involves in battle craft?
a) Field signals.
b) Section formations.
c) Fire control orders.
d) Fire and move.
e) Section battle drills.
93. Judging Distance:
• An individual should be able to judge distance accurately with his eyes, so that
the individual can decide on the following:-
➢ Know when to open fire.
➢ Know which weapon to be used.
➢ Can indicate targets to other men in his section.
➢ Pass back accurate information when acting as an observer.
94. Methods of judging distance:
• There are six methods of judging distance.
1) Unit of measure.
2) Appearance method.
3) Section average.
4) Key range.
5) Halving.
6) Bracketing.
95. Unit of measure method is also termed as the 100 yards method.
96. Judging distance at night will depend upon the visibility.
97. Distances are overestimated when:-
a) Light is bad.
b) The sun is in the observer’s eye.
c) The object is small in relation to its surroundings.
d) Looking through a valley of narrow lane (eg. Street).
e) Lying down.
98. When distances are underestimated?
a) The light is bright (or) the sun is shining from behind the observer.
b) The object is large in relation to its surroundings.
c) There is some dead ground between observer and the objects.
d) Looking uphill.

INDICATION OF LANDMARK AND TARGETS

99. Landmarks:
• An object which is important on the ground and which is used in verbal orders to
explain the ground in front.
100. Target:
• It is an object having a technical significance which is indicated with a view to
bring down fire on it.
101. Reference point:
• An important and unmistakable object with the help pf which you can indicate
other landmarks or targets. A reference point should be specific.
102. Types of Ground:
a) Broken ground.
b) Flat and open ground.
c) High ground.
d) Dead ground.
103. GLD means General Line of Direction.
104. Methods of indication targets:
1) Easy targets.
2) Difficult targets.
EASY TARGETS:
• It is indicated by the following methods,
➢ Indication by description.
➢ Indication by direction (or) range (or) both.
DIFFICULT TARGETS:
• The targets which cannot be indicated by the methods given above are termed as
difficult targets.
➢ A known reference point.
➢ Another landmark.

OBSERVATION, CAMOUFLAGE AND CONCEALMENT

105. The term camouflage comes from the French word Camoufler meaning “to blind” or
“veil”.
106. Camouflage:
• Camouflage is defined as action of misleading enemy by concealing (or)
misrepresentation of own troops, equipment, installations and activities.
107. How things are seen?
a) Shape
b) Shine
c) Shadow
d) Surface
e) Spacing
f) Smoke
g) Sound
h) Movement
108. How things are visible at night?
a) Sound
b) Light
109. Personal Camouflage:
• Personal camouflage can be done by following:-
➢ Use of disruptive pattern.
➢ Clothing and local vegetation.
➢ Camouflage of face.
➢ Camouflage of equipment.
 CONCEALMENT
110. Types of cover and correct use:
a) Cover from view.
b) Cover from fire.
c) Look through (or) around cover.
d) Avoid breaking a straight line.
e) Isolated cover is dangerous.

FIRE & MOVE CAPSULE

111. Field signals:
a) Signal with hands.
b) Signal with weapons.
c) Signal with whistle.
112. Signals with whistle:
a) Cautionary blast.
b) The alarm blast.
c) Enemy Aircraft.
d) Enemy Aircraft departed.
113. What are the operations carried out by utmost silence?
➢ Ambush
➢ Patrolling
➢ Raid
➢ Cordon
114. Methods to attract attention of troops:
a) A short blast of whistle.
b) A bird call.
c) Whistle by mouth.
d) Clicks (by using tongue).
e) Clicks by fingers.
115. What are the other methods of communication?
➢ Dispatch Runners
➢ Dispatch Riders
➢ Radio sets.
116. What are the field signals using by day?
a) Flags (Red, Green and White flags)
b) Mercury coated mirrors
c) Smoke
d) Miscellaneous
➢ Clothes superficially hung out to dry.
➢ Hurricane lamp kept in the window.
➢ Flashing torch is used as morsecode.
➢ Applying various colours / signs on forehead & arms.
117. What are the field signals using at night?
a) Pre – decided signals on a walkie – talkie.
b) Click by fingers.
c) Click using tongue.
d) Whistle by the mouth.
e) Use of rope.
f) Use of colour light.
g) Use of blacked out torch.
h) Firing weapon.

SECTION FORMATION
118. The formations depending on focus factors:
a) Degree of control required to be exercised by the section commander.
b) Type of ground.
c) Necessity of bringing down maximum fire with minimum delay.
d) Task.
119. What is section?
• A section is the smallest fighting subunit of an Infantry battalion.
Section capabilities are:
• Self reliance
• Ability to hold ground
• Adaptability
• Mobility.
120. Types of formations:
1) Single file formation
2) File formation
3) Arrow headed formation
4) Spear headed formation
5) Diamond formation
6) Extended line formation.
121. Scouts are the eyes and ears of the section.
123. Fire discipline and fire control orders are very important in all operations of war.
124. What are the terms connected with fire control order?
1) Fire unit
2) Fire direction orders
3) Fire control orders
4) Arc of fire
124. What are the main rules following to given clearly and other orders?
➢ Indication
➢ Range
➢ Best weapons to use
➢ Rate of fire
125. What are the main rules following to giving the orders?
a) The orders should be given clearly, calmly and concisely.
b) It should be given loudly so as to be heard above the noises of the battle.
c) It must be given as an order, to be obeyed as such.
d) It should be given with adequate pauses.
126. Types of fire control order:
G – The group of the section which is addressed.
R – Range of target should be given.
I – The indication of the target by the simplest form of the indication.
T – The type of fire to be emp.
127. Types of fire control orders:
a) Delayed fire control orders.
b) Full fire control orders.
c) Opportunity fire control orders.
d) Brief fire control orders.
128. What are the necessary points to keep in mind while giving fire control orders?
a) Maintain the discipline.
b) Conserve and expend ammunition and use it judiciously and effectively.
c) Engage target with speed.
d) Maintain surprise.
129. When to use fire and movement tactics?
a) The enemy has opened SA fire which is effective.
b) When own troops have seen the enemy first.
c) To cross obstacles by day (or) night,
(eg:- nullahs / rivers)
130. Basic consideration of fire & movement:
a) No movement on exposed ground without covering fire.
b) Control by the commander.
c) Full use of available cover.
d) Optimum use of all available covers.
131. Appreciation of ground and cover:
a) Fire positions.
b) Observation positions.
c) Cover from fire.
d) Cover from view.
e) Obstacles.
132. Dead ground:
• Ground which a soldier cannot see from his position is called dead ground.
133. Advantages and limitations of air photographs:
ADVANTAGES:
➢ More up – to – date.
➢ Gives more detail.
➢ Show the size and shape of features accurately.
➢ Allow gradient to be seen in relief with a stereoscope.
LIMITATIONS:
➢ Complete geographical cover almost impossible.
➢ Expensive to produce.
➢ Scales vary.
➢ Details of heights not given.
134. Selection of fire positions and fire control:
a) Provide cover from fire.
b) Provide cover from view.
c) Afford a good view of the ground to be watched (or) target to be engaged.
d) Provide room in which to use the weapon freely.
e) Have a covered approach.
f) Be easy to advance from.
135. Types of knot:
a) Thumb knot.
b) Overhand knot.
c) Figure eight.
d) Reef knot.
e) Thief knot.
f) Fishermen’s knot.
g) Bowline.
h) Clove hitch.
136. Lashings:
• The methods employed to tie with ropes, poles or any rope to a stationary object
to securely hold it in place is known as lashing.
Types of lashing:
➢ Square lashing.
➢ Frapping lashing.
137. Stretches:
• For evacuation of any injured (or) casualty stretches are important to be known
and used.
138. Basic stretches:
a) Simple stretches.
b) Scoop stretches.
c) Litter also known as rescue basket (or) strokes basket.
d) Wheeled stretches.
e) Other type of stretches.

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