RK Computers RS CIT Notes
UNIT 2 Computer Systems
daI;wVj flLVe
2(b) daI;wVj flLVe ds çeq[k ?kVd
çkslslj
buiqV fMokblt
vkmViqV fMokblt
esu eseksjh ¼çkbejh eseksjh½
lsdsaMjh eseksjh
1. Input Devices : buiqV fMokbl :
The physical part of Computer System which allows data to be entered in
the system
;s daI;wVj ds fQftdy fMokbl gksrs gS tks MkVk ;k lqpuk dks daI;wVj ds vUnj çfo"V djokus dk
dk;Z djrs gS
2. Output Devices vkÅViqV fMokbl
The physical part of Computer System which allows data to show the result
;s oks fMokbl gS tks daI;wVj ls çkIr gq, ifj.kke dks ;wtj ds lkeus çdV djrh gS A
3. Input & Output Devices
Combination of both
nksuksa ds la;kstu
2(c)Input Devices
Mouse
Keyboard
Digital Camera
Video Capture Hardware
Barcode reader cktkjksa nqdkuksa o 'kkSfiax ekYl
esa fofHkUu oLrqvksa ij cus ckj dksM
¼tks dh dkyh [kM+h js[kkvksa ls cuk gksrk gS½
mls LdSu djus ds fy, ,d ;qfä ç;ksx esa yk;h
tkrh gS ftls ckj d‚M jhMj dgrs gS
Gamepad daI;wVj ij xse [ksyus gsrq ç;qä
gksrk gS
Joystick daI;wVj ij xse [ksyus gsrq ç;qä gksrh gS
Microphone
1|Page RS CIT Notes By Er. Atal Trikha
RK Computers RS CIT Notes
MIDI keyboard laxhr ds midj.kksa esa ç;qä gksrk gS
Scanner dkxt ij Nih QksVks vFkok fdlh Hkh pht dks daI;wVj esa best ds :i esa cnyus ds
fy,
Webcam bUVjusV ij fofM;ks pkSfVax djus gsrq
Electronic Pen
Electronic Whiteboard bysDVª‚fud okbV cksMZ rFkk isu nksuksa gh Vhfpax ds ç;ksx esa yk;s tkrs
gS
OMR {Optical mark recognition} vafdr fd;s x, ekdZ ¼tSls dkys fd;s x, xksys mudks i<rk
gS ½
OCR {Optical character recognition} fy[ks gq, ;k Vkbi fd;s gq, v{kj dks i<+ ysrk gS
MICR {Magnetic Ink character reader} cSad esa ç;ksx gksrk gS psd ij ,d dksM gksrk gS
Punch card reader - vkbZ dkMZ dks jhM djrk gS
2(d) Output Devices
Monitor
(LED, LCD, CRT etc) LED, LCD ¶ySV iSuy e‚fuVj dgykrs gS ] D;wafd vkxs ls lhèks gksrs gSA
Printers (all types)
Projector
Speaker(s)
Head Phone
Head Phone
& Projector
2(e) Input & Output Devices
Touchpads (available in all Smartphone) çnf'kZr Hkh djrh gS o Vp djus ls buiqV Hkh
ysrh gS
Modems ¼Works on Downlink & Uplink½ bUVjusV ds mi;ksx fy, yxk;k
tkrk gSa ftlls MsVk tkrk vkSj vkrk gS A
2|Page RS CIT Notes By Er. Atal Trikha
RK Computers RS CIT Notes
Headsets ¼have
have microphone for input & headphone for output½
Head Phone TouchPads Modem
LdSuj ,d çdkj dh ;qfä gS tks fdlh Hkh best ¼QksVks½ dks fMftVy çk:i esa ifjofrZr
djrh gS A
2(f) MEMORY (Storage Deviice)
MEMORY SIZE
daI;wVj esa eseksjh lkbt dk vFkZ mles LVksj djs tkus dh {kerk gksrh gS daI;wVj esa MsVk 0 1 ds :i esa
gksrk gS ftls fcV vFkok ckbujh la[;k dgk tkrk gS 8 fcV dk lewg ckbV dgyrk gS A
1 BYTE = 8 BITS ( 8 0s &1s)
1 KILO BYTE (1 KB) = 1024 BYTES
1 MEGA BYTE (1 MB) = 1024 KBs
1 GIGA BYTE (1 GB) = 1024 MBs
1 TERA BYTE (1 TB) B) = 1024 GBs
1 PETA BYTE ( 1 PB) = 1024 TBs
1 EXA BYTE (1 EB) = 1024 PBs
1 ZETTA BYTE (1 ZB) = 1024 EBs
MEMORY DEVICES (la
laxzg.k ;qfä;k¡)
3|Page RS CIT Notes By Er. Atal Trikha
RK Computers RS CIT Notes
PRIMARY VS SECONDARY MEMORY
çkbejh o lsdsaMjh eseksjh esa varj
PRIMARYMEMORY SECONDARYMEMORY
çkbejh eseksjh lsdsaMjh eseksjh
• çkbejh eseksjh daI;wVj ls lh/kh • ,d fMLd vFkok Mªkbo ds :i esa
tqMh gksrh gS ftls gVk;k ugha tk gksrh gS ftls daI;wVj ls eq[; MsVk
ldrk lkekU;r ;g ,d fpi ds :i dks LVksj djus ds fy, vyx ls
esa daI;wVj ds eq[; lfdZV esa gh yxh yxk;k tkrk gS
gksrh gS • lsdsaMjh eseksjh esa gh ;wtj viuk lkjk
• çkbejh eseksjh daI;wVj ds fØ;kUou MsVk LVksj djrk gS tSls QksVks fofM;ks
esa lg;ksx djrh gS blesa daI;wVj ij VsDLV Qkby laxhr bR;kfn
dk;Z djus ds ckn ;wtj viuk MsVk • tcfd lsdsaMjh eseksjh dk lkbt
LVksj ugha dj ldrk 80GB ls ysdj 2 ;k 3 TB rd
• çkbejh eseksjh dk eku NksVk gksrk Hkh gksrk gS
gS tSls 256 KB,512 KB,1 • HARD DISK DRIVE HDD
GB,2GB vktdy vR;f/kd 4 ;k • COMPACT DISK CD
• DIGITAL VIDEO DISK or
6 GB rd vkus yx x;k gS DIGITAL VERSETILE DISK DVD
• EXAMPLE : RAM ROM • FLOPPY DISK
• PEN DRIVE
• SD MICRO SD CARDS
• BLUE RAY DISK
4|Page RS CIT Notes By Er. Atal Trikha
RK Computers RS CIT Notes
RAM & ROM
ROM jhM vksuyh eseksjh RAM jSaMe ,Dlsl eseksjh
READ ONLY MEMORY RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
jhM vksuyh eseksjh dk vFkZ gS dh bls jSaMe vDlsl eseksjh dk vFkZ gS dh ;s dsoy
dsoy jhM¼i<+k½ fd;k tk ldrk gS ;kuh ,d VsEiksjsjh vDlsl¼mi;ksx½ ds fy,
tks MsVk blesa LVksj gS mls dsoy ns[kk tk cukbZ x;h gS
ldrk gS mlesa dksbZ ifjorZu ugha fd;k
tk ldrk u gh mls feVks;k tk ldrk gS RAM lkekU;r [kkyh gksrh gS ysfdu tSls
gh daI;wVj ij dk;Z 'kq: djrs gS vFkok fdlh
jhM vksuyh eseksjh esa daI;wVj ds fuekZ.k ,Iyhds'ku dk mi;ksx djrs gS rks mlls
ds le; dqN ,sls çksxzke ¼funsZ'kksa ds legw lEcaf/kr MsVk RAM esa yksM gks tkrk gS tc
½ Mky fn, tkrs gS tks daI;wVj dks 'kq: rd dk;Z dks lso ugha djrs MsVk RAM esa
djus vFkok mls fØ;k'khy cuk;s j[kus ds jgrk gS
fy, gj le; mi;ksx gksrs jgrs gS
RAM oksysVkby eseksjh gS blesa MsVk VsEijjh
ROM u‚u VOLETILE eseksjh gS :i esa gksrk gS rFkk fctyh pyh tkus ij
;kuh daI;wVj can djus vFkok ikoj can gks feV tkrk gS
tkus ij Hkh MsVk blesa lqjf{kr jgrk gS
TYPES OF RAM & ROM
RAM ROM ds çdkj
RAM jhM vksuyh eseksjh ROM jSaMe ,Dlsl eseksjh
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY READ ONLY MEMORY
1. Dynamic RAM 1. PROM (Programmable Read Only
2. Synchronous RAM Memory)
3. Static RAM 2. EPROM (Erasable Programmable
Read Only Memory)
3. EEPROM (Electrical Erasable
Programmable Read Only Memory)
5|Page RS CIT Notes By Er. Atal Trikha
RK Computers RS CIT Notes
dS'k eseksjh
,d vLFkk;h eseksjh gS tks çkbejh eseksjh ls Hkh igys gksrh gS ;g og MkVk LVksj djrh gS
tks dh ckj ckj mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gS tcfd RAM og MkVk LVksj djrh gS tks dh CPU
}kjk fQ+ygky lalkfèkr ¼çkslsl½ fd;k tk jgk gS dS'k eseksjh daI;wVj dh xfr c<+k nsrh gS
RAM dh rqyuk esa vR;fèkd egaxh gksrh gS
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6|Page RS CIT Notes By Er. Atal Trikha
