International Journal of Scientific Advances

ISSN: 2708-7972
Volume: 1 | Issue: 2 | Sep - Oct 2020 Available Online: www.ijscia.com

Effects of ICT on Teaching and Learning: A Review of Related Literature

Benjamin Kwasi Amponsah* and Francis Stonier
Southwest University, Tiansheng Road Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, P.R. China
*Corresponding author details: Benjamin Kwasi Amponsah, benjaminkamponsah@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The advent of ICT has made monumental changes in the world presently. This digital phenomenon has
had effect in every facet of human life or endeavor. The introduction of ICT in education helped to
improve the quality of education at the point where teaching and learning eventually became an engaging
active process related to real life. The present study intends to collate the findings from a review of array
of available literature related to the effects of ICT on education. The 21 st century teaching and learning
skills emphasize the need to transform the conventional teacher-centered pedagogy to more learner-
centered methodology. Active and collaborative learning conditions facilitated by ICT helps to develop a
knowledge-centered student community. This research work gives an insight into the use of ICT in the
field of education, focusing on its impact on teaching learning process, quality, and accessibility of
education, motivating learners, learning environment and students’ academic performance.

Keywords: ICT integration; accessibility; ICT for education; motivation; learning environment; academic
performance; teaching and learning

INTRODUCTION
The 21st century’s world-wide explosion of Information and The impact of ICT is very profound on society and it affects
Communication Technology (ICT) has clear manifestation of every aspect of human endeavor. According to Bindu
the fact that there is an increasing utilization of ICT in (2016), the spread of quality education has been possible
schools. The transformation in education has become as a result of the pivotal role ICT plays in education.
possible as a result of ICT’s driving force (Fisher, 2006;
Nivala, 2009). There is an increasing demand for educational Undoubtedly, teachers play a crucial role when it comes to
institutions to use ICT to teach the skills and knowledge the integration of ICT into education in the four corners of
students need for the current information age (Japhet & the classroom. Teachers are the implementors of ICT
Usaman, 2018). There is virtually no area that has not been policies and programs. It is one of the reasons why the
influenced by this digital phenomenon. present-day teachers should not only know the content of
Gunton (1993) defines ICT as electronic devices or what they teach or the syllabus but also the pedagogy to
technological equipment for collecting, processing, impart knowledge effectively by integrating technology.
retrieving and communicating information. Also, according Globally, the importance of ICT in education cannot be
to (Addy et al, 2018; Hamian et al, 2018; Luthra et al, disputed (Ikediashi & Ogwueleka, 2016; Sabir & Naureen,
2018), Information and Communication Technology (ICT) 2017). The impact ICT is making in education is
is made up of an extensive variety of hardware, software, tremendous. Most studies have found however that many
communication lines and information management tools learners, instructors and students don’t have the requisite
to handle and analyze information. The advent of ICT has technological skills desired to effectively use these tools
made many new opportunities for the 21st century and and equipment in the classroom.
education is not an exception. As a result, ICT has made it
possible for people to learn at a distance, virtual learning, Therefore, the potential effect of these technologies has
internet training, technological learning and web-based limited significance and the consequences on the learning
learning. It is an indisputable fact that ICT is important in process might be negative, especially in developing countries
education globally (Ikediashi & Ogwueleka, 2016; Sabir & such as Ghana (Hinostroza, 2018; Souri, Navimipour, &
Naureen, 2017). The internet has made it possible for Rahmani, 2018). Though these are challenges and
education and for that matter learning to be at the door limitations, yet ICT provides excellent standards for
step of students. Learners are able to study at their own education and encourages new ways of learning to be
pace, convenience, anytime and anywhere. It is therefore explored by students and teachers. Basically, the aim of this
imperative to state that ICT plays a major role in education work is to collate the findings from a review of an array of
by enhancing teaching and learning processes (Akhavan et available literature related to the effects of ICT on teaching
al., 2018; Nikolic et al., 2019). Educational institutions that and learning.
train their students in yesterday’s skills and outdated
technologies are not meeting the needs of tomorrow’s METHODOLOGY
world (Bindu, 2016). If changes are not made, those Data collection for this study was done by using
children will not fit into future professional development. bibliography and conventional methods to determine the
The teaching and learning procedures are complemented literature in an educational context. To compile data for the
by the availability of and usage of ICTs in society, which study, reports, research papers, conference proceedings,
causes students and teachers to use these digital tools Masters and Ph.D. theses, news and peer-reviewed articles
(Ibieta et al.,2017; Kaya & Erkut, 2018; Othman & Elsaay, were retrieved for comprehensive and holistic analyses.
2018). Google and Google Scholar, Scopus, INFORMS, Sage Journals

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International Journal of Scientific Advances ISSN: 2708-7972

and other open access journals were the databases from

which the searches were done. ICT ENHANCES ACCESSIBILITY TO LEARNING
In integrating ICT into teaching and learning, it is a
After identification and careful analysis, each of the necessary condition to have access to ICT infrastructure
categories was studied in detail. The keywords used were and resources in schools (Japhet & Usman, 2018). The
ICT integration, accessibility, ICT for education, motivation, advent of ICT has made education non-restrictive.
learning environment, academic performance, and Teaching and learning use to be at the four walls of the
teaching and learning. After identifying a preliminary set of classroom where teaching was based on prescribed
articles, bibliography sections were analyzed to identify syllabus. A report by European Commission (2013) found
additional studies of interest. Keywords were determined that access to ICT is a major impediment to teachers use of
from these articles which were published from 1990 to ICT in the classroom. The introduction of technology has
2019, to understand the major areas where studies have opened the flood gate for education to be delivered at any
been focused in the past years. Finally, the rest of the data time and from everywhere (Gupta & Gupta, 2014; Pegu,
were analyzed individually, and their effect on teaching 2014). ICT affects the way knowledge is imparted and
and learning discussed subsequently. students learning process, because the effectiveness of
learning is upon learner driven strategies but not the
The study used 50 research papers from 1990 to 2019, teacher. It is extremely important to state that accessibility
using keywords such as “ICT integration, accessibility, ICT is not the same as availability and that in some schools
for education, motivation, learning environment, academic there are ICT infrastructural development but are not
performance, teaching and learning”. Research papers with accessible to students which contribute immensely to
higher citations counts and with relevance to the study technological illiteracy in the system. Availability and
were selected. accessibility are very essential for effective adoption and
integration in education. ICT resources such as software
The key areas the discussion of the study emphasized and hardware must be readily available in schools and
include ICT integration, accessibility of ICT, learning other learning facilities to ensure that access and
environment and motivation, and student academic availability are not denied. Hence, key elements including
performance. access to computers, software and hardware are
fundamental to successful integration of ICT into teaching
ICT INTEGRATION ENHANCES TEACHING AND and learning. Technology should be accessible to students
LEARNING to ensure its use in schools. As a result of ICT, great
According to Buabeng-Andoh (2019), many educational flexibility is provided to ensure that learners have access to
institutions and governments globally have taken the knowledge regardless of space and time (Akele, 2013;
integration of ICT into teaching and learning as a major Angadi, 2014). Through the use of technology, learners are
priority and that much premium is placed on its able to communicate, share ideas, and work as a team
integration and implementation. Teaching and learning anywhere and anytime. Some of the means by which this is
process is making great impact in education as a result of done are teleconferencing or videoconferencing, where
the application of ICT. Several millions of dollars have other students are invited for discussion on a particular
been injected into the education sector to help fully topic or subject matter. Upon receiving access to such a big
integrate ICT into teaching and learning activities (Grabe platform, students are also able to share their learning
& Grabe, 2008; Player-Okoro, 2012). The conventional experiences collectively with their colleagues, thus
way of teaching has been emphasizing on content. promoting global collective learning. iEARN International
in Spain where over two million students and teachers
It is imperative to state that teachers’ knowledge and each day are engaged in collaborative project work
skills in technology have great impact on the way in worldwide is a clear example of collaborative online
which they put technology into use in the area of teaching learning. These kind of learning where ICT is the main
and learning (Aydin, 2013; Japhet & Usman, 2018). As far facilitator not only help to establish connections for the
as ICT is concerned, teachers are major players or play an learners but also build strong network for each other in
important role in the integration of ICT. Teachers in this achieving true and meaningful learning.
technological era should not only be well versed with the
content of what they teach but should also be able to The introduction of ICT is a solution to most of the
impart knowledge effectively via the integration of problems that developing countries like Ghana face
technology (Bindu, 2016). regarding the use of technology in education. Some of these
issues include the lack of teachers, teacher mobility,
ICT enhanced learning stimulates augmented learner inadequate learning materials, poor educational facilities
involvement. Engaging learners with ICT facilities, will etc, hinder effective utilization of ICT in teaching and
enable them to build their capacity to the fullest for both learning (UNESCO, 2002).
research and independent study (Adu & Mireku, 2016). It
is critically important for ICT to be fully integrated into Each and every person needs to keep pace with recent
education in order for society to benefit from these development in order to access information through
learners when they graduate and go back to the society. technology (Plomp, Pelgrum, & Law, 2007). Time and
A study conducted by (Jennifer, Mohammed, & Adel, 2016) space are hinderances to communication which ICT helps
posit that, learners are able to improve their grades if ICT is to mitigate if not eliminated completely (Lim & Chai, 2004).
completely integrated into teaching and learning. ICT also makes it easy for the development of electronic
Conventionally, the main role of teachers has been as resources such as electronic libraries where students,
presenters of readymade information and as organizers of teachers and experts are able to access research
learning experiences. One way in which ICT can be used in information and study materials from everywhere at their
the classroom is to take over these presentational and own pace (Bhattacharya & Sharma, 2007; Cholin, 2005).
organizational roles. The implications for these are for both This convenience provides people including academics and
teachers and learners and the computer by providing an research scholars the opportunity to share research
additional source of knowledge which may reduce the materials.
dependency of learners upon the teacher. Hence, the
learner’s autonomy will be enhanced in learning.

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International Journal of Scientific Advances ISSN: 2708-7972

ICT MOTIVATES LEARNING AND ENHANCES THE possible for students all over the world to link up to their
LEARNING ENVIRONMENT colleges and universities in China for lectures online in the
According to Fathima (2013), there is a rapid change in mist of the coronavirus. Thus, it is possible by the use of ICT
students’ performance when ICT is used in the learning for teaching and learning to continue, although it is not
environment. ICT is becoming an increasingly a powerful possible for face to face encounter between teachers and
educational tool for promoting education. The processes of students amidst the coronavirus pandemic. Students have
teaching and learning are being transformed in the the motivation to learn and the platform is created for
education environment via the inclusion of vitality to the teachers to teach regardless of the prevailing circumstances
learning milieu. There are several sources of getting in the world.
information which are available to students presently, and
the education system insists on factors such as research, As stated by Jonassen, Peck and Wilson (1996) that the
critical thinking and evaluation skills (Consortium, 2016). utilization of ICT by students for educational purposes get
Therefore, the learning environment provided should follow immersed in the learning process. The numbers of
an effective application of knowledge that students are students utilizing the computer to source out information
required to master, in order to avoid the attained knowledge are numerous. The application of ICT in teaching and
from becoming passive (Bransford, Sherwood, & learning is imperative because it will not only improve the
Hasselbring, 1990; Duffy & Randy, 1990). It is also critically teaching environment but also help the next generation
important that teachers will see the need to encourage build their future lives and careers (Wheeler, 2001).
students to be active learners so as to engage in active
knowledge construction. This involves open-ended ICT ENHANCES ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
situations instead of learning conditions which focus on Student performance and ICT integration have been topical
mere transmission of facts (Collins, 1996; Hannafin, Hall, for some time now as far as research and discussions are
Land, & Hill, 1994; Jonassen, Peck, & Wilson, 1999). concerned. There is a rapid change in the student’s
performance when ICT is used in the teaching
There are various ways ICT has the potential to create the environment (Fathima, 2013). While ICT has been used in
powerful environments for learning. ICT has the potential various ways to support teaching and learning, some of the
to access numerous information using the various sources. literature point to the fact that little evidence exists
It helps in the examination of information from different supporting the claim that ICT has transformed education
perspectives, hence promoting the credibility of learning (Twining & Henry, 2014). This assertion is contestable by
environments (Amin, 2013). Also, through the use of ICT, some researchers and academics. In fact, there is sufficient
complex concepts might be understood by the use of evidence to back the assertion that, there is positive
simulations, which is contributing to an authentic learning relationship between ICT integration in education and
environment. As a result, ICT could be described as a students’ academic performance. The researchers (Salam,
facilitator of active learning and high order thinking Yang, Shaheen, & Movahedipour, 2017) have examined the
(Alexander, 1999; Jonassen, 1999). impact of using ICT on student’s performance. A model was
evaluated and both public and private school students’
Curriculum differentiation is another functional sample were analyzed. The findings obtained indicate that
instrument of ICT. Learning materials could be modified to the use of ICT improves the quality of education and the
suit the requirements and capabilities of every individual performance of students (Salam et al., 2017).
learner via the use of ICT, especially by giving personalized
feedback (Mooji,1999; Smeets & Mooji et al, 1999; Akele, In this scope, there are other researchers (Cerretani,
2013). In educational psychology, it is obvious that Turrioz, & Garay, 2016) who explored the effects of using
learners learn at different paces, i.e. fast learners and slow ICT tools on students’ academic activities, their
learners and with the advent of ICT, many of the learning performance and their psychosocial adjustment. It was
needs of these people are satisfied. The influence ICT has revealed that younger students have a higher attitude in
on professional and personal lives of people and the rate of the use of ICT tools. Moreover, psychological beliefs and
acceleration of information flow is very deep (Ghadimi, academic performance are associated with the use of ICT
Akbarimajd, Shayeghi, & Abedini, 2017; McGee, 2018). (Cerretani et al., 2016).
Apparently, ICT has been one of the most vital tools when
it comes to changing the style of the education process, CONCLUSION
upon the requirements of the modern information society This literature review sought to explore the effect of ICT on
(Mishra, Kishore & Shivani, 2018; Skryabin, Zhang, Liu, & teaching and learning in the modern education system. To
Zhang, 2015). a greater extent, ICT have influenced the practices of
education and will increase considerably in the future. ICT
Effective use of ICT can make it a transformational tool that is an agent of transformation and that it will continue to be
can change the classroom settings to a learner-centered a powerful agent for transformation in the educational
environment (Amin, 2013; Madhukar, 2013; Angadi, sector. Consistently, ICT should be used in education to
2014). It is therefore necessary to equip the classroom enhance teaching and learning. The persistent application
with technological devices and tools in order to augment and development of ICT in the education system will have
the learning opportunities for students through different significant impact on teaching and learning process, access
curriculum activities. ICT environment develops the to education, motivating learners, creating a conducive
experience of both teachers and students so that they can learning environment and improving academic
utilize the learning time effectively ( Kennewell, Parkinson, performance. Therefore, ICT tends to expand access to
& Tanner, 2000). It is therefore imperative to state that education, as through it, learning can occur at anytime,
ICT-enriched learning is a motivating factor for both anywhere and at the convenience of the learner. In the
teachers and students ( Plomp, Pelgrum, & Law, 2007). midst of the coronavirus pandemic, teaching and learning
are made possible, easily and conveniently through
ICT can enhance the quality of education in several ways. telematic classrooms or virtual rooms.
The motivation and involvement of the learner could be
booted via the provision of basic learning skills. Technology Integrating ICT into education can have a positive effect
is making education possible everywhere regardless of the on both teaching and learning process. There is
distance. Ding Talk is a software application that is making it significant difference in using technology in the delivery

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International Journal of Scientific Advances ISSN: 2708-7972

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