formation of Yeus Matrix
Ysus can be formed using two methods namely.
1. Direct inspection method
2. Singular transformation method
1. Direct Inspection Method . . . ,
Let us consider a two node system connected with the reference node-0 having respective impedance,
between them as shown below.
@
j0.5 j0.1
CD
Figure-6.3
The admittances corresponding to the impedances as marked in Figure 6 .3 will be -j1 O (between node-
0 and 2) and -j2 (between node-0 and 1) respectively.
Using direct inspection method, we conclude that the order of Ysus will be 2 x 2 matrix and given by
[Ysusl = [r;1 ·'r; 2]
Y21 Y22
Here, Y11 = Total admittance connected to pt node (bus)= -j2 u
Y12 = Y21 = Negative value of series admittance between the nodes 1 and 2 .
=OU
Y22 = -j1 OU = Total admittance connected to node-2.
Hence, y8 us = ['r;1 'r;2]=[-j2 0 ]
. . Y21 Y22 0 -j10
2. Singular Transformation Method
The Ysus can be alternatively formed by · • IIY
adopted if there is mutual coupling betwee using singular t~ansto~mati~n method . This method is genera
first. . n the nodes. Before d1scuss1ng this method, let us study graph t11eorY
Graph A graph is used to describe the geometrical features of a network. It is replaced by a single line segments
'elements•, whose terminals are called "nodes•. The figure which results is called graph of the network.
. elements of a network while a "connected
-finea r graph" describes. the geometrical interconnection of the
called
A "is one in which there 1s at least one path between every pair of nodes. When each element of a connected
graph is assigned a direction , it is refereed as an "oriented graph".
from
graph Lei us consider a network shown in Figure 6.4 having branches numbered from 1 to 6 and nodes
0 to 3 (n = 3 = number
of nodes).
G)
1 2
@
Figure-6.4: A network having six branches and 4 nodes
The graph of the above network a?ov_ e is shown in Figure 6.5.
6
Also, it's oriented graph is shown in Figure 6.6.
6
@
~
4
CD
3
5
2 5
-
1
--- @
Figure-6.6: Oriented graph of the network of Figure 6.4
• G - h ofnetwork of 6.4
Figure-6. 5. rap b formed as shown in Figure 6.7.
h the tree and co-tree can e
From the oriented grap ,
@ CD
2 5 6
~
@~G)
Tree Co-tree
(a} (b)
Figure-6.7
ches/twing = [ 1, 2 , 5 ]
Here, Tree b~a; or chords = [3, 4, 6] .
s
Lingraph
. nted .
of the Figure 6 .6 .,n matrix form , we can write
From the one V = A Vaus - number of elements)
Vis the vector of element voltages of order ex~ (e ~ber of branche s= nodes= n)
where, V. = vector of bus voltages of order bx 1 (b - nu
As~sBus incidence matrix of order ex b ,
The bus incidence matrix is given by
(n - 1) BUS -
1 2 3
e!
1 0 0 -1
2 0 -1 0
e = number of elements)
3 0 -1 +1 ( n = number of nodes
4 +1 -1 0
5 -1 0 0
6 -1 0 +1
+ 1, if i th element is incident to and oriented away from
the k th node (bus)
where , th
-1, if the ith element is incident to but oriented towards the k node
th
0, if the ith element is not incident to the k node
A computer programme can be developed to write the bus incidence matrix A from the inter connected
data of the directed elements of the power system. Then, Ysus can be found from the equation:
Ysus = ATYA
where, Y = Primitive admittance matrix
= z-1
and Z = primitive impedance matrix
In this way, Y8 us can be formed using singular transformation method.
For Figure 6.3 (of previous article), the primitive impedance matrix is given by
[ZJ = [jo .5
0
_o
/0 .1
J
and the bus-incidence matrix is given by
-1
[A]= [ 0
Hence, [ YJ = [ZJ-1 = [j00.5 0
j0.1
J-1 = 0 .05
1 [j0.1
0
0 J [-j2
j0 .5 - 0 OJ
-j10
So, Ysus = [A] r [ YJ [A]
OJ [~j2 0 J[-10 -1OJ
-1 0 -j10
Hence, -j2 0 ]
Ysus = [ 0 -j10
Therefore, th e b~s-ad_mittance matrix of Figure 6 .3 is same when found using direct inspection method
as well as when found using singular transformation method.
