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Database Models & Key Concepts

This document discusses database concepts and models. It describes four common database models: flat, hierarchical, network, and relational. The relational model organizes data into tables with rows and columns, and relates tables through primary and foreign keys. An entity-relationship diagram visually shows the relationships between entities, which are objects that store data. The diagram depicts entities, attributes that describe entities, and how they relate through primary and foreign keys.

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84 views14 pages

Database Models & Key Concepts

This document discusses database concepts and models. It describes four common database models: flat, hierarchical, network, and relational. The relational model organizes data into tables with rows and columns, and relates tables through primary and foreign keys. An entity-relationship diagram visually shows the relationships between entities, which are objects that store data. The diagram depicts entities, attributes that describe entities, and how they relate through primary and foreign keys.

Uploaded by

M Azeem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 09 – Database Concepts

9.2.1 Database Models

1
What is a Data Model

 Data model describes the relation between different parts of


data.

 Different Data Models

1. Flat data Model


2. Hierarchical Model
3. Network Model
4. Relational Model

2
Hierarchical Model

• Data are organized in an upside down tree.


• Only one parent and many children.
3
Network Model

• Data are organized in a graph.


• Can be accessed through several paths.

4
Relational Model

• Data are organized in two dimensional tables (relations).


• Tables are related to each other

5
 Row is called a ‘Tuple’.
 Column header is called an ‘Attribute’.
 Table is called a ‘Relation’.

6
Primary Key

 A primary key is used to uniquely identify all


table records.

A primary key’s main features are:

It must contain a unique value for each row


of data.
It cannot contain null values (Empty values).

7
Foreign Key

 A foreign key is used to create the link


between two tables.
 A Primary key of one table, is the foreign key
to other table.

A Foreign key’s features are:


It can contain duplicate data.
It cannot contain null values (Empty values).

8
Primary Key

9
ER Diagram

 This is known as Entity Relationship


Diagram.

 This shows the relation of Entities.

 ER diagram is the design of the Database.

10
Entity

 An entity can be place, person, object, event


or a concept, which stores data in the
database.

 Entity name should be in Singular form.


 Ex:- Student , Employee, Course

Student

11
Attribute

 Properties or characteristics of an entity.


 This describes the entity.

 Ex :- Name, Age, Address can be attributes


of the student entity.
Attribute

12
Sample ER Diagram

13
Lesson Summary

 What is a Data Model


 Types of Data Models
 What is a Primary Key
 What is a Foreign Key
 ER Diagram
 Entity
 Attribute

14

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