Name: ____________________________ Grade & Section: 11-ICT CARISMA Score: ____________
School: POLOMOLOK NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Teacher: AURA LEE B. CARISMA
Subject: Computer Systems Servicing NCII
Sem/Quarter/Week: SEM 1/Quarter 1/Week 3
Lesson Topic: Computer Software
Learning Targets: Enter the data into the computer using appropriate program/application in accordance to
company procedures
Code: TLE_IACSS9-12PCO–Id-e-5
Reference/s: Computer Systems Servicing Module, https://youtu.be/vBURTt97EkA
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
The computer is an electronic device that accepts input, processes that input, and produces output. To be able to work
well with a computer, you must be able to input data into the computer. This involves being familiar with the software
needed, checking the accuracy of data, and the different storage devices. You also need to have proper ergonomics to
work effectively. In this lesson, you will learn about data processing.
Computer Software
The software can be classified into two: Systems Software and Application Software. System Software refers to
software that is used to run a computer. On the other hand, application software refers to a program that is used to
perform a specific task. Example: typing a document, creating a presentation, etc.
Systems Software
The five types of systems software, are all designed to control and coordinate the procedures and functions of computer
hardware. They actually enable functional interaction between hardware, software and the user. Systems software
carries out middleman tasks to ensure communication between other software and hardware to allow harmonious
coexistence with the user.
Systems software can be categorized under the following:
• Operating system: Harnesses communication between hardware, system programs, and other applications.
• Device driver: Enables device communication with the OS and other programs.
• Firmware: Enables device control and identification.
• Translator: Translates high-level languages to low-level machine codes.
• Utility: Ensures optimum functionality of devices and applications.
Operating System
The operating system is the most important program that runs on a computer. Every
general-purpose computer must have an operating system to run other programs.
Operating systems perform basic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard,
sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk,
and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers. For large systems,
the operating system has even greater responsibilities and powers. It is like a traffic
cop -- it makes sure that different program and users running at the same time do not
interfere with each other. The operating system is also responsible for security,
ensuring that unauthorized users do not access the system.
Types of Operating Systems:
• Real-Time OS: Is installed in special purpose embedded systems like robots, cars, and modems.
• Single-user and single-task OS: Are installed on single-user devices like phones.
• Single-user and multitask OS: Are installed on contemporary personal computers.
• Multi-user OS: Is installed in network environments where many users have to share resources. Server OSs
are examples of multi-user operating systems.
• Network OS: Is used to share resources such as files, printers in a network setup.
• Internet/Web OS: Is designed to run on the browser that is online.
• Mobile OS: Is designed to run on mobile phones, tablets and other mobile devices.
• Multiprocessing : Supports running a program on more than one CPU.
• Multithreading : Allows different parts of a single program to run concurrently
Functions of Operating Systems
• They provide the interface between the user and hardware through GUI.
• Manages and allocates memory space for applications.
• Processes the management of applications, input/output devices, and instructions.
• Configures and manages internal and peripheral devices.
• Manages single or multi-user storage in local and network computers.
• Security management of files and applications.
• Manages input and output devices.
• Detects, installs, and troubleshoots devices.
• Monitors system performance through Task Manager and other tools.
• Produce error messages and troubleshooting options.
• Implement interface for network communication.
• Manages printers in single or multi-user systems.
• Internal or network file management.
Examples of Operating Systems
Popular OSs for computers are:
• Windows 10
• Mac OS X
• Ubuntu
Popular network/server OSs are:
• Ubuntu Server
• Windows Server
• Red Hat Enterprise
Popular internet/web OSs are:
• Chrome OS
• Club Linux
• Remix OS
Popular mobile OSs are:
• iPhone OS
• Android OS
• Windows Phone OS
Device Drivers
Driver software is a type of system software which brings computer devices and peripherals to life. Drivers make it
possible for all connected components and external add-ons to perform their intended tasks and as directed by the
OS. Without drivers, the OS would not assign any duties.
Examples of devices which require drivers:
• Mouse
• Keyboard
• Soundcard
• Display card
• Network card
• Printer
Usually, the operating system ships with drivers for most devices already in the market. By default, input devices such
as the mouse and keyboard will have their drivers installed. They may never require third-party installations. If a device
is newer than the operating system, the user may have to download drivers from manufacturer websites or alternatives
Firmware
Firmware is the operational software embedded within a flash, ROM, or
EPROM memory chip for the OS to identify it. It directly manages and
controls all activities of any single hardware. Traditionally, firmware used
to mean fixed software as denoted by the word firm. It was installed on
non-volatile chips and could be upgraded only by swapping them with new,
preprogrammed chips. This was done to differentiate them from high-level
software, which could be updated without having to swap components.
Today, firmware is stored in flash chips, which can be upgraded without
swapping semiconductor chips.
BIOS and UEFI
The most important firmware in computers today is installed by the
manufacturer on the motherboard and can be accessed through the old
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) or the new UEFI (Unified
Extended Firmware Interface) platforms. t is the configuration
interface which loads first when the computer is powered up and is
going through POST (Power on Self-Test). The motherboard firmware
starts by waking up all the hardware and ensures that components like
the processor, memory, and disk drives are operational. If all the crucial
components are fine, it will run the bootloader, which will load the
operating system. If the random-access memory is faulty, the BIOS will
not allow the computer to boot up.
The user can change
the BIOS and UEFI settings by pressing special keys (a function key,
delete, or the esc key) at boot-up to load the configuration page. The
user can configure security, boot order, time, and other options in the
page that pops up. Though they work differently, firmware compliments
drivers in a few ways. Both give identity to hardware devices, with the
latter making the operating system see the device. The major difference
between the two is that firmware will always reside within devices while
drivers will install within the operating system. Firmware upgrades
come from the device manufacturer (not the OS manufacturer). They're
necessary if the user wants computer hardware to receive new
hardware and software support. Firmware will make it possible for
devices to work better with old and new operating systems and
applications. Almost all devices and peripherals are embedded with firmware. Network card, TV tuner, router, scanner,
or monitor and examples of devices which have firmware installed on them.
Programming Language Translators
These are intermediate programs relied on by software programmers to translate high-level language source code to
machine language code. The former is a collection of programming languages that are easy for humans to comprehend
and code (i.e., Java, C++, Python, PHP, BASIC). The latter is a complex code only understood by the processor. Popular
translator languages are compilers, assemblers, and interpreters. They're usually designed by computer manufacturers.
Translator programs may perform a complete translation of program codes or translate every other instruction at a time.
Machine code is written in a number system of base-2, written out in 0 or 1. This is the lowest level language possible.
While seemingly meaningless to humans, the zeros and ones are actually sequenced intelligently by the processor to
refer to every conceivable human code and word.
Besides simplifying the work of software developers, translators help in various design tasks, they;
• Identify syntax errors during translation, thus allowing changes to be made to the code.
• Provide diagnostic reports whenever the code rules are not followed.
• Allocate data storage for the program.
• List both source code and program details.
Utilities
Utilities are types of system software which sits between system and application software. These are programs intended
for diagnostic and maintenance tasks for the computer. They come in handy to ensure the computer functions optimally.
Their tasks vary from crucial data security to disk drive defragmentation. Most are third-party tools but they may come
bundled with the operating system. Third-party tools are available individually or bundled together such as with Hiren
Boot CD, Ultimate Boot CD, and Kaspersky Rescue Disk.
Examples and features of utility software include:
• Antivirus and security software for the security of files and applications, e.g., Malwarebytes, Microsoft Security
Essentials, and AVG.
• Disk partition services such as Windows Disk Management, Easeus Partition Master, and Partition Magic.
• Disk defragmentation to organize scattered files on the drive. Examples include Disk Defragmenter, Perfect
Disk, Disk Keeper, Comodo Free Firewall, and Little Snitch.
• File Compression to optimize disk space such as WinRAR, Winzip, and 7-Zip.
• Data backup for security reasons, e.g., Cobian, Clonezilla, and Comodo.
• Hardware diagnostic services like Hard Disk Sentinel, Memtest, and Performance Monitor.
• Data recovery to help get back lost data. Examples include iCare Data Recovery, Recuva, and EaseUs Data
Recovery Wizard.
• Firewall for protection against external threats, e.g., Windows Firewall.
ACTIVITY 3: Cross Word Puzzle
Direction: Identify what operating system terms are being asked.
EXPECTED FORMAT:
Name:__________
Track/Strand &Section:____________
LAS Title: Assemble Computer Hardware
Activity No.:_______
Date:_______________
ACROSS DOWN
3. 1.
4. 2.
6. 5.
8. 7.
9.
10.
REFLECTION: After answering the Activity 1, write a 2-paragraph reflection (ten sentences each paragraph) of what you
have learned from the week’s lesson. Please write your reflection within the sheet where you answered your Activity 2.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY: Screenshot or Paste a picture of an operating system. Give its features, system requirements
and the reason why you recommend this software.
Example Answer: (Note: Don’t use this example as your output)
Name:__________ LAS Title: Computer Software
Track/Strand &Section:____________ Activity No.:_______
Date:_______________
FEATURES
The familiar Start Menu, which Microsoft replaced with Live Tiles in Windows 8, returned in Windows
10. Users can still access Live Tiles and the touch-centric Metro interface from a panel on the right side
of the Start Menu
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
Processor: 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster processor or system-on-a-chip (SoC)
RAM: 1 gigabyte (GB) for 32-bit or 2 GB for 64-bit
Hard disk space: 16 GB for 32-bit OS 20 GB for 64-bit OS
Graphics card: DirectX 9 or later with Windows Display Driver Model 1.0
Display: 800x600
REASONS FOR RECOMMENDING
User Friendly, Rich User Experience, the GUI is great!
GOD BLESS and HAPPY LEARNING!
