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Name: Rizki Aditya Parningotan Raga

Student Number: 210511100088
MID TEST

COURSE : Interpreting
Date : Wednesday, 5 April 2023
Examiner : Dr. Sriyono
Time : due, 10 April, 1 PM

Instruction
a. Avoid plagiarism or the penalty is yours.
b. Answer with your own words
c. Support the answer with some references

Define the following terms and explain as the instruction in table:

NO Term Explanation, definition Examples, if necessary References (at least
or, concepts 2 references/books
or journals)
1 Interpreting and Language-based services Interpreting: 1. Liu, D. (2016).
Translation like interpreting and 1. A government official is Interpreting and
translation entail giving a speech at the translation. In The
transforming information United Nations General Routledge Handbook
from one language into Assembly. An interpreter of Chinese
another. Despite the is on stage next to them, Translation (pp. 48-
frequent confusion interpreting their speech 61). Routledge.
between the two titles, into multiple languages
there are some significant simultaneously for the 2. Baker, M. (2011).
distinctions between audience. In other words: A
interpreting and coursebook on
translating. 2. A tourist is visiting a translation.
foreign country and wants Routledge.
The process of translating to order food at a local
written language into restaurant. An interpreter 3. Pöchhacker, F.
another is referred to as is hired to help them (2016). Interpreting:
translation. This entails communicate with the An introduction.
deciphering the meaning waiter and place their Routledge.
of the source material via order.
thorough analysis, and
then faithfully translating 3. A business meeting is
that meaning into the being held between two
target language. Both the companies from different
source and target countries. Interpreters are
languages, as well as the hired to facilitate
cultures and circumstances communication between
in which those languages the representatives and
are used, need a high level ensure that both sides
of proficiency from understand each other.
translators.
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On the other side, Translation:

interpreting entails 1. A company is looking to
translating spoken words expand its business into
in real time between two new markets and wants to
languages. Interpreters are translate its marketing
employed in a variety of materials, such as
contexts, including brochures and
conferences, business advertisements, into
meetings, courtrooms, and multiple languages.
even the operating room.
Interpreters must be able 2. An author has written a
to grasp spoken language book in their native
and translate it into the language and wants to
target language on-the- have it translated into
spot, in contrast to English so that it can be
translators who have time published and read by a
to thoroughly examine and wider audience.
translate written content
swiftly and accurately. 3. A law firm has received
legal documents in a
Simultaneous and foreign language and
consecutive interpretation needs to have them
are the two primary forms. translated into their native
The interpreter uses language to better
specialized tools like understand their contents
headphones and and implications.
microphones to convert
the speaker's words into
the target language in real
time for simultaneous
interpreting. When
interpreting consecutively,
the interpreter listens to
the speaker while taking
notes and then reads aloud
the translated text once the
speaker has completed.

Overall, interpreting and

translating are essential
tools for overcoming
language barriers and
promoting cross-cultural
communication. These
services can ensure that
everyone can understand
and be understood,
whether you need to
translate a document or
speak to someone in a
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foreign language.

2 The Procedure Consecutive interpreting is 1) Round-table discussions 1. Gillies, A. (2013).

of Consecutive a type of interpretation in (usually small groups of 8- Conference
Interpreting which the interpreter 10 people or less) Interpreting: A
listens to the speaker's Student's Practice
message before translating 2) Interviews Book. Routledge.
it into a different language
after the speaker is done 3) Speeches and 2. Moser-Mercer, B.,
speaking. In situations statements & Garcia, A. (2000).
with a limited number of Conference
people, such conferences, 4) Press conferences Interpreting: A
discussions, and Complete Course.
5) International political John Benjamins
interviews, consecutive
events Publishing.
interpreting is frequently
employed.
3. Pöchhacker, F.
The procedure of (2016). Introducing
consecutive interpreting Interpreting Studies.
can be broken down into Routledge.
several steps:
1) The speaker delivers
their message in their
native language.
2) The interpreter listens to
the message carefully and
takes notes to ensure
accuracy and
completeness.
3) The speaker pauses or
finishes their message,
allowing the interpreter to
interpret what was said
into the target language.
4) The interpreter delivers
the interpretation to the
audience, using
appropriate intonation,
gestures, and expressions
to convey the speaker's
message accurately.
5) The process continues
in this way until the
speaker has completed
their message or the
interpretation is no longer
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needed.
It's important to keep in
mind that in sequential
interpreting, the interpreter
speaks after the speaker
has completed speaking
rather than concurrently
with them. As a result, the
interpreter can provide a
more accurate and
thorough interpretation
since they have had time to
thoroughly comprehend
and digest the speaker's
content.

In sequential
interpretation, the
interpreter's job is to
faithfully transmit the
speaker's meaning while
simultaneously taking into
account the idiomatic
idioms and cultural
subtleties of both the
source and destination
languages. High-level
language fluency is
necessary for this, along
with excellent note-taking
and memory abilities.

In conclusion, sequential
interpreting entails
attentive listening and
note-taking before
accurately and culturally
sensitively translating the
speaker's message into the
target language.

High language competence

is necessary for
consecutive interpreting,
along with excellent note-
taking and memory
abilities. The ability to
effectively transmit the
speaker's content while
keeping the proper tone,
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style, and cultural

subtleties of the target
language is crucial for
interpreters.

3 Simultaneous In simultaneous 1. International 1. Pöchhacker, F.

interpreting interpreting, the interpreter Conferences (2016). Introducing
listens to the speaker's Interpreting Studies.
words and then instantly 2) Diplomatic Meetings: Routledge.
translates them into
another language without 3) Multilingual Business 2) UNESCO (2008).
interrupting the speaker. Negotiations The AIIC Guide to
This kind of interpretation Professional
is frequently employed in 4) European Parliament Standards in
multilingual international Conference
5) World Economic Interpreting.
conferences, seminars, and
events. 6) Olympic Games: 3) International
Simultaneous interpreting Association of
needs a high level of focus Conference
and linguistic proficiency. Interpreters (AIIC)
To reduce interruptions (2021).
and guarantee accuracy, Simultaneous
interpreters employ Interpreting.
specialized equipment
including headsets, 4) Katan, D. (2019).
microphones, and Understanding
soundproof booths. Interpreting.
Routledge.
Simultaneous interpreting
is a complex and
demanding task that
requires a high degree of
skill, training, and
concentration.

The basic procedure of

simultaneous interpreting
involves the following
steps:

1) Preparation: Before the

event, the interpreter
prepares by researching
the subject matter,
becoming familiar with the
speakers' accents, and
speaking styles, and
reviewing any relevant
documents or materials.
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2) Equipment setup: The

interpreter is typically
situated in a soundproof
booth, equipped with a
headset, microphone, and
other specialized
equipment. The speaker's
voice is transmitted to the
interpreter's headset
through a microphone, and
the interpreter's translation
is transmitted to the
audience through a
separate audio channel.
3) Listening and
comprehension: As the
speaker speaks, the
interpreter listens carefully
and processes the message
in their head, while
simultaneously translating
the message into the target
language.
4) Translation: The
interpreter begins to
translate the message in
real-time, using a
combination of listening,
comprehension, and rapid
translation skills. The
interpreter must be able to
translate complex and
technical language,
idioms, and cultural
references quickly and
accurately.
5) Delivery: The
interpreter delivers the
translated message through
a microphone, which is
transmitted to the audience
in their language through
headsets or other audio
equipment. The interpreter
must deliver the
translation in a clear and
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coherent manner, without

interrupting the speaker's
flow.
6) Repeat: The interpreter
continues this process
throughout the event,
repeating the cycle of
listening, comprehension,
translation, and delivery
until the event is complete.
Simultaneous interpreting
needs a lot of
concentration, endurance,
and specific training. A
high level of language
knowledge and cultural
sensitivity are required of
interpreters in addition to
their ability to work
swiftly and accurately
under duress.
4 Review (this Jing Ma's research work https://
review is not "A Study of Interpreting www.academypublic
copy and paste Skills from the Perspective ation.com/issues/
from the article, of Interpreting Process" past/jltr/
not summary, examines the mental vol04/06/11.pdf
but read dan procedures involved in
comprehend, the interpreting. To develop a
identify the thorough knowledge of the
benefit of the interpretive process, the
article and the study used a mixed-
weaknesses. methods methodology that
includes both qualitative
and quantitative data.

The study focuses on the

four major cognitive
functions of
comprehension, memory,
attention, and decision-
making that are involved
in interpreting. Twenty
experienced interpreters
were instructed to think
aloud while translating by
the researchers, who
utilized verbal protocol
analysis to gather their
data. After then, the data
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was analysed both

qualitatively and
quantitatively.

According to the study's

findings, interpreting is a
difficult cognitive job that
requires the cooperation of
several different cognitive
processes. The study finds
several variables that may
influence how well one
interprets, including
working memory capacity,
attentional control, and
decision-making
techniques.

The study has several

advantages and qualities,
including the fact that it
makes a novel contribution
to the area of interpreting
studies, that it has useful
ramifications for
interpreting instruction and
practice, and that it
provides a thorough
examination of the
cognitive processes
involved in interpreting.

A small sample size, a

mixed-methods design that
might not give adequate
depth and information, and
the study's dependence on
verbal protocol analysis,
which might not capture
all parts of the interpretive
process, are some of the
study's limitations and
flaws.

In general, the study offers

insightful perspectives on
the interpreting process
and has useful
ramifications for
interpreting practice and
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training.

The article "A Study of

Interpreting Skills from
the Perspective of
Interpreting Process" by
Jing Ma offers several
benefits and strengths that
make it a valuable
contribution to the field of
interpreting studies.

1)The article provides an

original contribution to the
field by offering a detailed
analysis of the interpreting
process from a cognitive
perspective. This analysis
includes a discussion of
the cognitive processes
involved in interpreting,
such as comprehension,
memory, attention, and
decision-making. By
exploring these processes,
the article provides new
insights into how
interpreters perform their
job, which can help
improve the training and
practice of interpreting.

2) The study uses a mixed-

methods approach that
combines both qualitative
and quantitative data. This
approach provides a more
comprehensive
understanding of the
interpreting process, as it
allows the researchers to
collect and analyse data
from multiple sources.
This contributes to the
validity and reliability of
the findings.
3) The article offers an in-
depth analysis of the
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cognitive processes
involved in interpreting.
This analysis can help
interpreters better
understand how they can
improve their
performance, which has
practical implications for
interpreting trainers and
practitioners.
4) The article has practical
implications for
interpreting training and
practice. By providing new
insights into the
interpreting process, the
article can be used to
develop more effective
training programs and
improve the skills of
practicing interpreters.
5) The article is well-
written and organized,
making it accessible to a
wide range of readers,
including researchers,
practitioners, and students.
This accessibility makes it
easier for readers to
understand and apply the
insights gained from the
study.
Overall, the benefits and
strengths of the article
make it a valuable
contribution to the field of
interpreting studies, with
implications for both
research and practice.

While the article "A Study

of Interpreting Skills from
the Perspective of
Interpreting Process" by
Jing Ma has several
strengths and benefits,
there are also some
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limitations and weaknesses

that should be considered.

1) The study has a

relatively small sample
size of 20 professional
interpreters, which may
limit the generalizability of
the findings. The study
would benefit from a
larger sample size to
increase the reliability and
validity of the data.

2) The mixed-methods
design used in the study
may not provide enough
depth and detail to fully
understand the complexity
of the interpreting process.
While the use of both
quantitative and qualitative
methods is a strength, a
more in-depth analysis of
each method may have
provided more
comprehensive results.
3) The study relies on
verbal protocol analysis to
collect data, which may
not capture all aspects of
the interpreting process,
such as non-verbal cues
and emotions. The study
would benefit from using
other data collection
methods to provide a more
complete picture of the
interpreting process.
4) The article does not
provide a detailed
description of the data
analysis process, which
may raise questions about
the validity and reliability
of the findings. More
transparency in the data
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analysis process would

improve the credibility of
the study.
5) The article focuses on
interpreting skills from the
perspective of interpreting
process, but does not
address other important
factors that may affect
interpreting performance,
such as cultural and
linguistic competence.
This narrow focus limits
the scope of the study and
may not fully reflect the
complexity of the
interpreting profession.
Overall, these limitations
may limit the extent to
which the findings of the
study can be applied to
other interpreting contexts
and populations.