0 ratings0% found this document useful (0 votes) 50 views15 pagesMP&MC Unit-2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content,
claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
voit-f
BoBE Progam 6
Rroqpow Aevelopement Steps !—
4 Deining —the Probbm
2 Requivement Analy sis
Ines jSmall pares |
+ progtom quit
3: Designing —4 orth 1 a
.ostep by step prefedure, “O° cea
Problem
4: Algorithm eestin
r j ess
s To Check correc
5: Coding
Gc. Testing
. Compiler used
= Lise de evrors nevated b bby we
+ Evrors are vone deed ana vectttred by onc Td
* covvect —the evors
. Repeat esting
> Documentation i"
+ Te Underseand the logic behind “the
—the progiem, by mony Ulers
8. Pmplmen tation F '
+ progum installed on the end Use machine
4A Mankainance , Enhanament and Evolua ton
|
© scanned with OKEN Scanner 9
a
structions |
a
—> The Rowe Picre Proce S607 Supports @ types de
Instruction:
YS Dota -transtey Inst
2) Ahithmetic inst.
8) Bir manipulation Ths t—
4) Sting Tost
5) Proqtem Evecution tr
6) process Control inst
A) Peervotion Contra) inst
8) Tntersupt Inst
angtex Iinste ( Branch # op fost)
1) Data transfer Sash io
are uted to transfer the
destination operand
under this geP
These trnseructions dato hem
the Sourte operand “0 “the
Following ave the Use o, inst
= Instruction +p transfer oO word
Eg> Mov, PUSH, PoP, *ANG eter
> Tnstiueron +o transfer “the odd ¥ess
Egr Lea, ios, Les
Foret Mod SONS OM transtev
> tnerttnsttast iNhpor & ev pores
Is, OUT
A
D> instruction 2 Ayan sder leg “es
* Ege Lane, ‘Sane, PUSHF , POPF
= + + Lv 4 4 +
hy fm sme Mt Hay
OQ —Arthmetic _Instructions
—=aarn. oo =——— se
ured 0 perform —Ebith metic
octon, mottipt’ cation,
°
These lnstructions ave
operations Like, adaftfon, Suber
cAivisfon Eke.
4
© scanned with OKEN Scanner DHfevent ype oly —Aiithme te Sinst: are a
= Tnstructon to per-form -Addi tion
Eg App, anc ONC. AAA ELC
wttheanry | Oaivit af addition
Pnshuction +o Per-form SvbStraction
Fa: sue, 588, pec, eas. Ete,
lth barre
>
il
= Doastructon te Per-form Mutt pita Hon
Eg Mut, TMvL. 4am
ed catatio a
> Dnstruction -to perform oc
piv, Dav, Aae
»
Signed. Diviston
® Bit Manipulatten Instruction 5
ae fons, Where
These inst ave Used +0 perform operations. sens
is opevarrens
sare involved that
Ditferene —type of. Bit Manipulation Qn structions ave
> Tostructions to pertorn Logical
Egy NOT, AND, XOR, TEST ’
=) Pnstructions td perform shift opevatrons
Eg SHL, SHR, SAR, SAL
shite deke Shigy REP 5 Repeat come [Co
cempare 38 ais
=> RePE /REPE qs | 1858 jos
quot Bend =>
Qapvt Str
> Repne | eer et ane se] OTs
Not Gud Ot end => outs | oT
> es [Seve
sig sep ye String Word
© program frecusfon Trapster Sn sesu Crfons +
ea ave Used +O stranster | branch
the Instvuction dorfog 9%
Ge includes CMS invari
Execution
in steuctions °~
Auring
= Tnstrucrons
Usithoul-
an. Eaecution
Catt, RETIME
eae
“ey erans-fer sthe
Ege
> Fnstrucrtons
an Execution with
Egt JC, TH TF, INC, IE, To Ere
SO Set SM Bute Vosetioa
: Jump Ht ne cany
Jomp if carry
c 7,
=e SS Control Tn structions ;—
These inst are vied -Eo Centro! ~the Pro Ces e\ actisn by
Setting /esetting the ~feag- Valuer 2 When ¥ Contre “the pretend
——_ =f How J Can Cmbvel the pwend
STC - Lted -to Seb Cansy flag Cr tol r .
eae ~ Vied 0 Cleat/verer Cany flag CF boo
—Uied ty Pue Com
= pUmenr Me “the State of Carr Ftas C)
STR —Vied—to Sek the airection —tleg DF to! ! 77
CLB ~ Died +0 Cleav/yeter the Airctiow—fley “DF +00
—Uled “ED Set -the interwupr Enable Clog 0 |
Some
1®
st2 .
Fe Enaby INTR Inpor—
UD a Gist oe cee teenie anneie ieee J
© scanned with OKEN Scanner Control Wn stru cio
—— = PN gain ont 0.900) 6
M) CTNe proceso cleing Some third i 7
strucrons are Uled ko faecute the given
5 °
instwetfon for number ch times
—fatowing Is the Lise of Gnstwetion Under this ger
> Tstuctien until
=> Loop- used -tv loop 4 cup Ths ven °
‘ ist ie =
the condiHen sa8% ec
age
fag
a qasup faseruction il)
> Lope |Loopa — Used *? \oop a
+
Loctite qua Stee Te Satistted =BFeI 9 Cx=0
> Loopne/tooprg- red 0 loop a ques
: 4 ; = —
Logit net Gud satisted 2F=0 4 Cx=0
Onse- HU te
Taperropr ,
oe in dew:
= vied ey Call the _Fntewsph
These Insteuceion s
unfog progam Easestion
=> PNT t- “ted 0d Prteavupt the
and calling Sewice Spectstied
progum luring Eneeutin|
one
pro gor Austog Erecution
DS INTO t— Uted to Interwpr the
+ :
overttad i# oF=|
te Sent ko
w
o
ENT Ul
PRET f Lsed -tv Veturo Hem 10 P
He main progie
© scanned with OKEN Scanner dd ‘i ;
Addressing Modes [— Addaessing Mode 15 defined
Spe cilyng the data -to he opexated
as the way of
ts an tmene diate
by an_instwetion
— ie Specifies thar the, geen cleto
a ma Regi HOS
lata (or) an addvess Te mds dseion
“Types 7 —2in B08G MP we are Using LP,
= . d fe ate ALP we COP
sing mace Speetty th. data
Atttennt wtf
ti) Pmme diat® Odd ve 5
Gi) Register -€idd re ssing Mode
dit) | Divect Memory Add vessing Mode
iy Dndivect Addve ssing, Mode
W) Register vetative “Addvessing Mode Cor) Base eave 5577}
Mode
Based fndered Addressing ™
indered Addressing
wi ode
WS Relative Based Mode
(i) implied ~Gddre § Sing Mode
|G) Immedvate Clddvessing Mode &
mode, the dota is
Specified in “the -
— In this.
Instruction tt Self
—> Pata fs a pare od the fn s evuctor):-
& azote date
eh Mov BL) IaH 5 Dane
BL ¢—l4H
dota’ IGH immediately
his fnstructon moves —the
into BL vegistey
ii) Register Addre ssing Mode o—_
-the cata Copexands) ave Spe ce-ti
Pn -this mode
a
using Yegisters
Or Mew Ax, Cx
—this insevuction moves the Cantent:
‘Cx’ register into -Ax
ax <—[ex] cK aad
© scanned with OKEN Scanner J Mode 3—
ffective addyess of the
in the instrac
1N this mode, the 16
s AWyec tty Spe i
a F Od ton
Mov eh, Carri) dy wero
Ane dota -from the
Ly caer
in moves
“This Instuuct!
Location igen in the 0S {nto CLe
cL <— Luger ny (remy ers)
Physical Qddiess o> PSH IOH +t UL AZ. Ei 05 = S000
=> Boo Xion +4lAL
> ear aH] 7 U-
ct dddvessing, Mode t-
the effective addvess 4. the
-taken from one d “the Base
Spea-fied To the
ote
i :
Uv) Register
‘In this mode,
mem ory Can be
Negistev Cor) Pndexn vegistey ie
Tnstructron By vsiny Bale weplin G Drew veqhira bo ye
Ex. cx :
= _ fed Cx 16 bit Registev
cu [ex]
(6 CH —CBxtt]
Fis oe bye -dotey e -
WV) Based Addyessing Mode cor) Registey Relative
SElddiyessing: Med.
The Effective Gddress of the data Specrtred by
the Sum & Contents a ‘Bx/gP vegistey ts Beith ue
Asplotement-
Ex- Mov Dx, [Bx +04]
restora aban Anyi vole
Pi <— Oss [Rx+ou]
Oke Os: TRBx +oudt]
© scanned with OKEN Scanner Wi) Based ~ Pndened Add ve sstag Mode *- 6
= de . A
she Effective addve ss ol, the operand
Th this mode
-the Base vegfs tev -Lo “the
ts Computed by adding
Conknrs a the tae ajrdee Vegistew
Eas. pov at, [ext 52, som
= st
a ‘byre _frem the addtess Speci tied
a de moves
a eee
by Bx +s2 in
a +s fer+ sil
(Wi) Relative bareq- Indened Addressing Teds t—
°n “this mode the address d, the dare fs
Computed as the Sum ol Base vegf stev, Inde
Negistey % B-bit @v) Ib-bit Usplocement
Ex mov ct, [Bx 4p2 aw]
<> Te moves eee —the address
fn BS the BS +0
ea
Specitied “by 8X4 PL+NH
CL vegiste®
el
WH Fmpved —Qaarsssing Mode
operands ave
2 _pse [Bx ro2 +H]
In this mode the implied and
nok Specffed in the fastruction
En o
=e
K STC —> sets the Carry flag
* HLT
-
1
© scanned with OKEN Scanner 6
ive ctives ave the
the assem
Al ssember Divectives of BaRG
* Deffnations- “Ihe -ssemblew
Used 0 indicate
ossembud ard
Specfal Tnstuctons
bley how 9 progeny
cvecard fn proper
— > “These ave also Called
which ave nd erecutable
fs to bbe
way
as pseudo operations
hy the Proce S6OL
Ert--assume, BB, DW, DD, Oe.NT, *
Eau, org, PROC. END, ENDP. ENDS, “EXTRN
—tssume e
et
=> Boge ‘has 4 physical Se
a number
gmentS 20S,CS, gs, ES
of Logf cal Segment
=> 8086 also’ contains
Seg ment—
assfgns a ogi ca)
> -Assvme Airective
tf ony a -tfme
+o Phystea Seqment- a
Eat- -aqssume | Ds twata
Assume CS % CODE
Ly Oe refers the Logfcal Segment aS Code,
ALIGN °_
aes
— his dine ctive alfgns new Natiable ov)
in struction
ALEN ‘nembey :
oe con ee a! 4, B doyle
“ALIGN 4 used 0 for ce “the assember
"40 eilign “the newt Se
at an addvess “that
Sible by 4.
gment
is Aivi-
© scanned with OKEN Scanner TLL Gi tle dihhetetatel a
EQut. sy es used Lo Vedletrne a data name
Cox) Variable with another Name Cov) Value
Eau etpresson
name
EXS one Eau FHS
Rome Caw cAtxinyy?
ORG ~ Torginot’]
<> This) ditective changes -the starting off set
adress: of =the . data ,
ORG erpre SsiON ;
ORG oooh —» Set, the Location -by \000H
Trns tw Chon
This aligns nett Vora ble cov)
+o even byte :
Jr
| Page *_ this aivective helps #0. Conttel the foimet
| oo Usting ck an -Aisiem bed prey
PAGE Chen gh], [width|
34, 46
Ls 34 Unes pet poy
"a G) Chavarreys per
Une
STAck }~
— provides the Shovk cub fq Stack Segment
Stack [size]
> Stac . Lane
Ee < 50) > “This veserver so bytes
for the Stack operation
© scanned with OKEN Scanner * Shortcut tn defination Of the Code PSI MERE
@
<
At shorrcut fn defination of the cota oes" of
OW. DD, Da and OT fo
ean oe
eae Anno ove U.eal eaee Clectine clit-fevent
type ob, Vawables Cov) clota —bypes
1 -> ft ts vied Fo
BB) Define Byte (declare 9 bute type Le
so dy Varvable )
ut number DB lon, Poh OH sat
' ,
> :Dechted arroy o 3 bytes nord Numba
DW +
DW Define Word
= fe ts Used Acfine Votables 4, dye
Ege Expt PW 23 uh BusGh , S61eh
De detine’ povble werd
DO‘ Define Guod word
Or f-Nefine Ten Byt4
: fi «nal
ExTRN f— this Anective fnarcates eT 7)
Astined Symbols
abelS veteved bo as external 17
ce cored
—> Names and 1G — publi
module muit be
EytrN VaR®FaR
Np ce
°
> End do the progiem
wm
© scanned with OKEN Scanner ge
PRoc_and_ END? t-
Lk proce due wited 10 “the.
> fb defines tHe rene
Pere
Name PROC type
Ex
Fact PROC» FAR
This. divective ideneiffes
the’ Storr S & prote-
named
ve ts —for
Fact-and the Precedure
: | ' é wroted ve
ENDP & fndicate the end of ther P
es
Fact proc FAR
Enop
SEGMENT and ENDS ®—
a ‘ oe
7? The —Gerembly danquys Progem jn sEXE
Consists o one o¢ Move Segments
13 7 th
> Seaqmenr Ae ctives defines the stare the
Segment :
> ENDs *~ fndvcate “the end of the Seg ment-
Ext CopE SEGMENT
Cone ENDS
"AACR and enim +
MACRO Divective diffnes the Start a. ~the macros
fh -the Progen
MOM > Th Irnavcate “the end &-the moero
qm INIT Macro;
eNom :
© scanned with OKEN Scanner PBLYe f+
DuPt— This cltvective is Used ~to Initial be ®
Seveval locaton and assign “the value
Name Data-kype Num DvP (vale)
=18- TABLE NB Io DUPCo)
—>Resevves an array 4 10 by tex of, meroaiy
a
a Gyovp - Group ‘elated Seg rent
*LeaeeL
Name
DFFSE Ty
ORG — originate
Proc -— Procedure
* PTR - Pointer
« SEGMENT
SHORT
© Wee.
Oos Function Calls 1—
4H oot % Terminate “the progiom
GH 1K $ Reasl the Key board
Ai 02h % write faa Standavd %/P devi Ce
At OBH ®% Read toa Standard f/ P withovt < code Segment
Code de the PIOG™
START = Mov €x%, Nor a
(UL
Mov 6x, Nor ) a oy
ee eee cen oe ee .
Sub Eracerm
i
. CoDE ENDS id nob mention
ENO start Scere teninten oat
AK
© scanned with OKEN Scanner Fts sem bly Longugt _pregem cleveloping -Lools 4-
- Editor i-
-An editor Ts o Program wh
a le Contatning -(he assembly dongug
of, =— Voq\em, -
q [ q Ly To Conve Asclland srore 7 RAIA
ch allows “ou -Lo Cte abe
sratemenes
ol
2. Assembler §- cole
Seetene: a sseerrehy
An assemble’ progiom ts used +o transl Speco F
language a corre s poner Es
then wo Ton “the assemble, wveads the sourte ile
ot Lhe disk, where +“ have Saved
tour progrom hom the
attey editin
: obsect file
ane assembler Use te
generate Ewo
fe reg ON ee
S- Linker 4 Linker
fe obiect: file
Obseck files into One Low:
obseck —Hles into ons _—™
hus —
genevate two
Link mop
4. Locatt— Locard is a progiem used Ee assign “the
-—.Crt
alluws> you 0
Syseem Memoly
ebug
© scanned with OKEN Scanner
