Onur procedures & r9a0%08 ‘an asserniier evective] procecture: (4% routine or Sumprogiam 18 ‘eubyo. yarn 19 2 Gr ee x Tie proceaure 9 Gloup OF inghuction, VF iptask OF 7 Neat Ocersves pojomning 4 f Tepea nce ap instuuctions 8 used several times in a program, anese inghuchions each Hime, they ax stp eet pavticuiar SU! a gn order 10 avoid coring axperaicly ina memory ana 29 proceduve anc! catiec! From main program » whenever regeuved using cau tcalL) inshuchen. % aig ewes rernony space Bur cailng proses? 4aK€3 More time . Te procectire wit) have RET a8 #he last inshuction. x on execution OF this inghuetien » contol 2ill Tettm to the Text inghucy:, in main progran. qfig rrecte possible by 2aving he return adchesg om Iadaress of mex inghuction aper call} 0° sigok - when CALL i3 execrtieg ‘on execution of rer reumn actaess, 19 Teed From Stack. macros x Ag mentioned eailier a procedure usefeu when it contains Severat ingtucions. % Jp the mumper OF instructions 22% teas [ran then iF Becomes Sisadtoniag In Such Qa case macro 79 used eA MACRO 18 2180 2 group of inshuctions Performing & particular sublask % repeaka oceuyverte. x Tb 18 given a name and slored in a separate Memory aia x whenever tis 7Macko 18 used by ike name in the program , tne assember replaces i+ with he group OF Snghuctions . Hence assembler will generaie the machine code cadh time Faceo 18 used. a ris cade will Ge ina proper Sequence hence 7o need of sing cat. wRer ingmuctions as inte case Of procedure ont ceadvaniage is thal program takes up rmore memo Arithmetic and togicat Inst 1. ADD insucKeEn ADS estimation, aourco) — used 49 aad conkents of destination with thak of Source and store the yeSUu in destnaren — Ai the fags are mocifiect. 6x: ADO AL, OF H ADD AK) BX ADD AXI(SE) P42 084109 +SP 00 01009) <— ImpUSE occaeing By cefauu! dinmenion aQ. Ave: AOD with wary, a peiform aoiaition Br aio vadlas AN Flags ave affected an 8x An, 682) x, (500031) 100% pe icay flag. Bil 10 he Yeowe ave A“ Ac Ape Ave gus insmucrion (808 oesination ounce) 3. = ged to StBanack the conlenia Of destination ith that of Satie art “siore ine veaute In cteslinaion, = an Flags axe mop, Ex: sug Ab OFat 0 t SUB Ax, BX SUB Axyo1007 : a HE SUB Ax fsooat} 4 Bur ty. SBB: SUBHAL with BOO ong ceany Oy guemaces #ne cource operdiid atc the Borrot0. Fle fiom the ‘destination means subNatiing 1 from, the sueshocion optained by S88 i hawk SBB AX0100 886 Ax Bx 5. cmp: compare compares the Source opera cata or a memory tocahon ‘urce operand from tne ctesiinaton é af nek which pea regises oan Srnrmectiase ‘wits a clés Hnarion operand subtracts, the 90 source = pesiiranon ) 2x0. flog 13 SEF 21" “source > pestinarion scomry, frag 18 90k t que < vestinarien wary Jeg see Gq omp emp 84093) cmp comp 8x, oF Br, O100% e107 @. ane ad Dee insHUCHONS.. sand decree —usea fo increment the cConlenls Ch ‘sped fied, cleshmaxe, = An flags axe modifica GIN AL Ae ALI ig r que ax ARE AXtI (oor pec AL AL AL-I i ' pec AX AY © Ar-l , fi.gn % AND inghucion tagicany Ano each bit the Source Byte Bit op cestinakl — Resmi is cf 2 oF=0 ZF, PR ISF Gre effec om Runilary way Flag is undefirect Stored in destination wordt with the con watt 8 poncd on i Ano pesination, seize x. AN ai al cee (gus, (000 90 Bi 2 11005100 7900010 GLE8. OR OEE” > apicaiey Of eon 60 of Source Wilh cestination — chor 20 Sy 2, pig ate ephecket OF cRAn 5 = Ace undefined or destination, on BL, AL fi = (000 ONO AL = 1100 TONO Be oe TNe ges source 4. Nor instrucrien 3 compemenis Linverta) the conkers of an Operant — Nor opeant x: Nor Ax -Ax=tON LO , A 01000 100 10. XoR inshueven. eroR cperatien 19 Gaizled, Bersean the Sues art detiinalion Heo OS ¥ ssisdon2a eat Ex: YOR AY) OHH ARFOOW C100 Clout 1 to! 2000 0000 40044080 10 O18 Se es A 001111 e060 dio) ZO tN 199 00910 voBrancn inshuctions OF § Types OF Branch inshuctions: ie 1. Jump Instruction, —> pegren. conto erp Forh One imation 40 anoinea 5 voath instruction: 5i%e asses, FOF SIBOH CHEB function for ong 4s) 3. loop insmucton, — ‘To yeduce no.g. inshucHeTs. pee conoblienal jump Gat vane é unconditienes jump xa gp 1 gmp CAwLe) Adress > ah win jump program conto! fo LaBls Paddress) — ‘There are any Gonotitionas jump inShuthibrs zollh S086 2% je Cjump ip omgy='9 aa jne Cjump ip com =0) hie x jz [jump if 220217 gs a jnz Cjump TF zerp20) ‘ jp (jump if pauity=1] 3 28 jnpl Jump i posity 20) » Jo Cjump if overflow=4) 3 jo Cyump if oveplne=0) se a JS (jump if 8ign=i) HENS. nine Ujump if Sgn 20) nd tope aa. Call CABLE _sstores the Teun address On Stack — PUSH is performed > damp Program; contol 70 LABLE fried res} — Tis insiuction is used to execule Subroutine Pructony — At the ered OF BUubYOUtine when fou execriie iReT inBhucrions vir win vetvieve Teun edtctress fiom slack 40 -Hangpes! Conttol in it POI s sonse gic ‘ i 3. loop LABEL ‘ Goh aaah ek — avoiaing te ctisactuantages Gy dump we: Use. 6ABEL, loop. ib win jump program control to, LaBLe Caddies) = zh is gmilaz 40 jmp inghuction bur heu we Saie\ fed instucten execution eit ABA ony Mov ch count jap) HY AA A erect ABLE: : \ ogee INE LAsle si, bans. fa | € >This alecrements “tra Value oh mand wh | gee sae Loop Lae meptat the LOOP till CX Becomes 10". B9U2B2 +8 IA Shing manipeuation instuchens Of 8086 — ABeries of data Bytes ry coords auaiiabie | mentory focarons ro eovectivetsy con inctiviounyy Om ceatlad ae eye mings Lda con word SHINgE) Hs yy Shing of chenacies— ascii i - 2 parameters FO Uda 9 NS ype (wwe. . of 1 Glauing ©» encl ood of Shing’ xR x & Lengin of Shag stored In Cx fee L Rep: Repeas inshu exon prefe [uory i creo. uae ah asa TThig execuses UNH a more options i) Repel Rep2 - Repeas while &. \ gatyefagd Aish abs syste Giy repne [Répre ~ eepear 4 OFT So aay wade uot to 2220 caps she ORS a. moves movsw :- HEC i 2f ‘ cine se destination locations, Shing of Ryjes moved to. 2" sf ve i source ST, 0S : pa 065 x lox +032) 5 pesnration OF, 6S 63% ton+ (Or) 0s:¢i —Gs:DLwr, F F emps: compare Shing Bype [100% iow compo & sri 8 on core ngs oy eye | equal 9 2°21 : 2 <— Bounce Seles =) CFoI Sous ccet = cF-0 index Regs eye oy byte aun ceeeP toad Skiing Byte Oh Sing ot" axe updateat & ord «ov eworek 6y OE Continues #1 A misenaieh 1S Forney eat nodtifieck Lops poads ajax Rey os isn Roy pais far} <— [¢83!) Gt: 200s aL sen Et cos)=sco0m S22 2000 2 Phy. a = $a0004 Soiisus RRL ee pa tee Pe eee Qs ob e215 Bh BERND: Bee ae orzo %BDit2 DR a1 =) [axv1 & SAS: Stan Shing byie or String CD~ AL on AX cau— [c07!) : wee (44) — (Corl) Hoc Repne ~ prefix i weet 5 Gc. e108: stove “Shing Gyre oF String GOL Sore “Aijar conienis pe Assemeny langiege Px Asezzr to Bw conversion start : RFRA DATA t2isspithons os ; Se airay ; etre wegen WniHateat™7 Moy ct: OH mov AL; ASCH, \ Sh 7 pov Bt, ASCII, 2 ANO 41, OF Ano Bly OF 1303 ried Ror ALCL 2 oR ALIBLPeo BeOS yt » mov An, yc" INT iat a Branch &cat! instructions. " postive and negative count in an ana mer: Mov Axioata 2 ¥ Mov 08, Ax tr LEA Sr, LIST; SE 19. intalizeot 10 offset of Ut ” Mov cx 000sa1 vs Mov ox, coz! Back + mov Al, [sz] Wy, Rot At,o1 sis Je Neqarive ; if cr is $e, contol is tronpfened 4 label NeGarve INC DL 4 Inc st i auge loop Back Mp exit Neganve : INC on hie ine St cule bey Loop Back 2 ; ENT: mov C Resvetl, OK : y Mov au yee Int atar Sorting ay Ano ; Koy ax,0ATA 1b MOV 03,AK 2) N09 ip mov cx,counT raov Ox1c% AGAM + MOY SI OFFSET LIST 76! ig initanzed to Offse, oF “ist mov cx 10% START Back = mov AL, 6521 oe INE BF. ‘ cmp abiCS>) 3 jce ver Be el ‘AL; content op Mh is copied 4 to fab] and vice versa CAG oF goss\ote as ae atalyiog, sige wen oq, o25 fey 69211 9 ¢ Sie. Nios Aszas t i ts ee. en \yamp to Uabst*pack if C=O) eive lexr (Cop GALE; Severe SANSA é : ‘ ioe 0 re Waren OF, PE é ec OF Ne AGA mov Ad, 4H 2a INT, 8agraer: Mov Ay, oat mov 0s, AX mov Ati Nl prov Bt N2 ; iis ae 400 ALBL \ é eh es mov CRESULTI AL eet mov ALi NI ae i sve Al)Bt iow SC Res bir ApeAL Oh Yoni i Mov AL,NI u rave Be te mov CRESUUT+a1,/AL mov . (RESvIT#3), Ail tov ALT Mov “Rat cow \ , ow BE 5 riov CResuertu), AL Rov presuLt +s} A ’. ‘Mov Aa, UH Int aia} ing teanipuiation: LENTH oF GIVEN STRING srapr: moy AriDATA a poy 08 A* mov €3/A% mov 44) '$" . Lea oy LST ‘ - mov 0+ 100002 z Gack + SnSB; Scans Ane Sing Bytes for Content OF AL Je Gur Ime. 0 ump BRN EY ot pai Exit: raoy LEN, O mov Aa, Wea! ist ala 1 on, BSE Programmmabie penpreros Zoefaee > fits is Used 10 incwas Hee intefach a Features F Sass programmable peripherot interface > Bass 12 designed 40 work with vauious: pricroprocesso18 Tike. 085, 8086 4g merase capacity & inp ouspus_ineiface = pass faa fhree 8 GIS bicirecHionae 10 ports - = ease f°! di ath jase fas tice 10 mocks G -wansplt waka is ao Simpte 10 rnede = seighake 10 mate ce — BiolirecHenak Jhandshare lo rice ap = sass fas Bil Set leser esr) rode 10 otter notice tel“ 6iKS o porteGoupe Pore Caony ce chip Sercnon RB panel ESE —costie! + 2k Bis puffer . . + tt ios Bielivectienal alata Gus Do-D7 : + 0-07 fs inesfaccar cain system aba 64s @ mriczoproce nian ® Read write Contor tape me: ease read ond movie dala as pea conbbl ‘Bigials “RD & DR connected _ woth micropro cessor” gee Reser wi reset ea onal poite conrpoi Yegisner gaat | use [3 NOt Sctecwcey % Grupa and, Group ® conor : = Groupa convo! is usedl +6 Contiol’ port 4 (PAF + pool ore upper porre teen cPone — Group 8 conrol Cpes-peop © 5 — 5 takes Conkol 81 yrs. fron conto! toort ord fronds it on respective jDorks. ja used 40 convo! porr # [PRI- PBO Jaret loese pordeBye gun 8 bil 10 porls ona works ag Foliocas ae por a Tose err mene, meen! moe 2 99 mooe porrA yes Saad yee ee 313+ frand Share pores 2 YO VERGE No re0080 ~ Simp mou porre yes Nolats) ols} Yes : Conto) word and 1 , Baos " » control woe gags vas B is “Of contro) ore 2F agpines coorting 10 pons a Bye, me gsr (Bit Se reser] mode F 830T Lemedes 2 = Ousptit — BSP Mose only. work with pork os % OB to x * x BS-a 8ST ser bik @ poe Birseten | * Bit oP os Reser bik g poe * Modes o 8955 Lo apie ais ax# tree 2 BIS 10 ports ond Teoiee eS Baws pork moog IDOE | MODE bse eio0e orca yes yes yes No e porr 6 yes yes No NO oe porre yes No tars p nlo cats] Pos oepd’sxp dere modeo. is Simple 10 r710de > OWrpUr ais l2!Ched «and inpuls am, 70F lacned. = (port 0 70) ave intexupet randiing oapaciy gle, mode! iS 10 mode with hondsrare > Here 20h pork uses 3 tinea fiom’ porte as! pondshare’ signe x 7 Hert ip ara ofp: ore raicheot > Inlemept harclling ea 18 suypporket ®% gle, Mode 2 18 Blobrectionat Io Poole ‘coil. frandsrake S wer pork Uses five Unes fom ports’ 99 Handtohate 319nts 7 Pnterrupp fons 8 suppor Ade Interfacil cing. [oBoR [caer] chip i toe One using? wy F yb ‘ 28 pin + loots J 4 fig, Seon, 2 RS convener Hee ‘ inieduuy ‘hos 3:q” Connected 40 eis ardieg) rditiprexes (B28)

pork A 1 lata olp from “oe ‘the igi pasts conto! worel : ‘ Dg ROR Du -,03 1 Dy’ Bo Dy 1 ° ed 1 0.0 O = 8H. 7 Program: F 3 tov 4%, 28a; Tnitialize B56, Send “AL 40 ceoR Ceonwol worol "8iaty ovr cwR, aL eae ris | Kv arosels Bee ap. co analogniie ovr pos, AL + pox8 99 OfP mov “il;00H ; Give stow a tonvesion puise fo A0¢ out pore, Abs mov 4t, Ola > skis ES SN porte is. used fr conversion our porters AL mov AL,oon: ovr porke, AL bc wat: IN AL, porte; ened “pp ibe Bp Weataing® tippai B Yoraring theugh Reb veo gue weir : Ani BD if bon Head eet alte he wd A 8 z op . : ae au Boss throughDIA Cone teas.. x» converts binary no. Ino thety ning ecm “Ip 10k x em te a Pele in is Wey tn i ® agi any convolled ye > rioior speed. controls 3 NE — ve crs sB By) = —-44 5 ¥C 2 W075 ps tne thw) * progranrnabl a BL ‘ee armpipien ets Bs ese IB) 5.2 pogpre: Trierpace OA 09623, 20ilh the go386 winning at Bniaz & corte fap to ginsan a Sa tooth 1Bwefoim Cf pees ims ermtey form teith Vinax SV FZ pggume cstode ¥ . B Back oo core Stamene 9 ; gmp again ; s Stau- Moy AL8O¥ F : or ceoRy A coote CVS enol stort, Sn: reov.AL, oon wack 1 00T pore aememory Shieyfacing 9 Bas pesign forewing system toith Bong microprocesgor x he woe eooreing in min rede tality Oral. sieune: Gpedm tsing Sr8 Geeom ; 3. jaeea RAM Using eure RAM pn memory interfacing » We neeol 10 inieapac. 4 vealegory Gf lines : -s vdedvegs Cinea* = pata Gnes = contol unes = chip see) = eure eprom using BRB Eprom 4 gake eprom [ one Chi : % a ip for even actatress ancy — No.of Chips = ® Odps anolter fy act aatatvess) % Address Gines fr ire totes a go in eda ts occtieas Bnet 9 e x Datatines for eyre=8 Cor Ryle is abit} i 4 contin) Unes for 6YRB EPRom = Memory Read! fb 1aere RAM Wing 6uEB RAM I De — No.op chips = a ciops of 4 amoine? for odd adolxess J serale eae | s 2 aya 2 al6 Set. ¥ pe lkand [One \ehip for exen adctress and i» qdaress Une for ta8he coltunt = atlratica? \2- i sap it eects 17 Gradress Ones pata Une for (26h =8L For Bye, + 2 @ bits) —seontror Unes for 188EB oe Hemary’ eae, MOMMY wre fig Ae Ais Ars Fly 6 ay ay to 48 Bee Memoyae | 419 Eprom 3 (coxoer Bye) pron caeignes Bye) rari [eoeoer byte rare tng iror &PRom - An Ae - 31S chiscery conneckd to WAN ple ae for RAM ge. rm -49 — 018 ayer imtision coanetkect to wre ae a See Pr Po. Teme ORE ES % cpa: — am intenupt 12 a Conatifen thar Jemporatity Stops ine prleroprocessor 40 0% our a. Specipie ROK! = oa biuEtik aipeubepte interrupt, eccura, the proceso compheres he | Cxectition eh anol caus a Species intexzupt sevice, \ Agere execution of. — eoren an, op cuarent insteuction, ‘Addveuy —— & _7aR fmnferruph Seuree rourine!| Fooo@H td —F aa is Zt is @ specias program ‘to jastrer the mieoprocssor PERG CeH On fives to fonalbe tne intexupr 1a Foooyt # in Sources ep TRORERSERMIE IN ogee = errr FEM G) Exjanol signe, Gi gpedot taametion ai, conotHon prociicea! ey" anes inatuctien, x Exiena! Sigre's aha Ls r + An S0a6 prowssor ‘Can be jotemupical From. an terre exiesnoa sigres appuecl 70 ne NMIE pin x IATR pin in 086 Se faree' AS ahead for’ alonxdl coome iHELIUpE Service— uses a special > |8086)) proces90r spedias program Enstuetion = condition proiced by == proce sor reupicol an 568 ja inier IHN op an ins x0 inativienion. excourien gx: piiow By ent op cadh tnatucl proctutceat Ae saberauph vegues) m Types gy tocempre niewups g 8086 ian, the processor and ego greg regisre instuction I rut! 40 execue by Some conctition by the checka if ‘thew io omy te Hoxcteoaxe sopteooze imenupls inveareepts 4 esti masrabe. inttezupt tntexupt cnrael ex: nme Horaevoxe dnvesupis ne = Hoxtwaw Interuple ou Buse ey any Pe ase fypes of S/o inlexuplt + eR: INT type Pherar clevice by 48 the mnicto processor Senating 2 signa) rough ‘specpiea pia Gy naz (/0n —mastabie inexupr] diy INTR Cinterupt Reqliest -MASkabie. inteeepty & ninae Ba: were EON sy tr is a singe pin ron. maskabee hascenor mrerpt wohich cannot fe disablea , 7 Bt 18 Ame highesr priovly intexup — IP Cinstuiaion pointer) 8 teadeo! from Seoree — © Conde segment) ts fercieal from opo0aH rae “Gp Wigpet a Invenupe 2 se,dt IMIR Basel) NE AOE sence. wee ute pert & singe sequesr ir is auinared %, #0 pork Mis con 62, Master con clikaryaey raaakabie iienupl my Fi a leet Hioperser Inferrangr becom ecaive Ory ine eae pe: > mkiny) flag is usted to Sel this ype & Soprare Inkerrpn : ME poate Alex) vom be generic by tonesting te incon SINT t3in the ana : > ARR ote ATE apHoare f vee Ssfiteare Intenupla avaitagie in s0ee. rateroproenon Fonmat F wr type type fom Bype Teg from 00 10 FFM Searing adlaress Tenges fom cocoon 10 OOSFrH ese axe 2 Byte instuelions “INT type number + vu some epesote ‘rectus vou, f08¢ Takauipt veer Taig © [ass 03 FF 8 Prairie > " Py : | Reseveol 2 for dohuancect ridopoouon aves iniezaliph 325) ea! aep zepertar Sapteoaa | wo Type 2 UE 7 vomsponds B cbvidle by 220 Ss wwnin“the qHotieM. fom, ovision InStuction ie too Wig2, So9g mon auomaleatiy erecue ype © invert. a ype WO vrsingte oRp exeeidion for eltbupaing ane Prosiram NG ma an dhig W8HUHED she’ processor ell execide ont inshucsion ft wait fr forthe. direttion Gin pes OUP HS ng ses : FYE rout are me te used fr bugging the Peja : ©) ype y Jowzupr ss — overpiow inieezuph = 2p is used to ONCE OVEflow conatition apes any Synéet aimee opsation in te system = Thezupr priovlies Fnexupts Liptay SO RARREAE al pop a aRT r NM 4 Bo inte U Singte- Skp inkeeups | _ foo 0000 <—Foype 8] Ge] Tio ot a56 inexupr availabe wih SMe oo00uH — type 3 ® FOr iniexupy fos 4 Byws aocius privat 00 ir 08H te A acclu & IVT Lintarupr vector table) 8 e9008H <— ype 9 200004. 0 Im tolat wr requires 0000 g Hye ® O56 Type 4 oF inferrups. 2 OCeuAs when NII pin gee in emergency) Inkezuph Tis inkexupr is scot 4o Be fa veay teefea in teoug ging He INT y 38 ovextore Inexup!. aig injaryph Octers then Ce] Deis wesed to oteleer OverPiney exx09 in Signed auithmelie opeiarion Thleruupy aret grveaupp service, Rrouiine: cise) is Bear the fetes YA 3 sepierne tial og a opemation a i pemen inexuups is given in the cxeoution Th Brest ijt Mores, execution ret clivéess, mio other, program reausal 13h apes completing Ise git back. Jo. oviginas execunon. aR Pr e004, @3.c008 epi ® pesiee inedupia 3 inienupr 3 when no-of denies in propeusp ir Is Salel #0 dn woo > Saati nip, he co cpo F8 cb ty evcte hem owe miliple inieruph proceuting Capa bi poping rons fe, PAT ; goae — 2 InKaupr f uf Ss Non maskabe Mastabu wing 2rlerph jatezepe fey ZNIR — a5 type 080004 40 COOFFH oi moze ton ¢ INK is steer then exert Cp eae Propammasu inieeizp? von rovel is sapuirect fo Comace———— yy ineceping He 7 roe Jexzuph equert appears gasyn frcleerte: OOS)) ee INTEL cana Togie Friamap Mase 19 cura) Sle peso Tortezuys Reqeest gpa Bi mm TRR weeps Hate & eorich intexapt ilP on OAning seqics = ag 27 ineaups TIP fas an inkziapr signet on Thy bet me 3 Bir to the inlexxupr_ og ee SS ees wor 40 bdabe or wit Be See Sah Ynciviewar “wnexup ile Hn Same wbimbas x Erin is ws we een BE in His “Teg onresponcio so the inexpt ip a “tn sowie git. ‘i ies ip fee ama 2 The Insewice) 769 Peep Hace which 10 bare, Beet sewictal v ee 2 Tie conespo 9g “Bis tol Ge) see la the « Jnsavia > Peon Sm ott as 4 juctge) Ahat derermines + and 2 sequen on ont O TR ip ge servi coat, vey. pen an wnteiphAE Cade Bugger. Tig. Groce Stores)’ and, cony . 5 PORES the Zo8 a 8259's used In Sysem CAS)~ CAS, AIL Op cohen 8259, sel ge se % he 3 710 PINs slave rode an CAS CAL Ot IP omy 78857 15 mRSIEL mote Benes 4h : a ghee SORE Me 1D \Intaaupting Slave tania, mp we re 1S in Stave AUS setectecr ,toill Sere iH Pe Proparnrneat veces action ‘on he dala ‘bis Hains tha next nina oe % Tis Gece is ae When more thon One. aot ou witot bs “ | brag (ove remo HEISE seo cyorata ab as vee naat 2 eyees) thi is ia consuming 8p thot 18 aise connection bo iy 1p) & memory computes in Ta ue | tiene Corsitaieat toil Be tees > Tew comes He oma ctvolies coon 2 org | consisis. s 4 Bocks coneiect ae oma conhotey Pe Bua oisk controller = cpu win set the sagislen g tha Drv’. epy tele tne Buipfer th veod ‘ne dar fom ctive 0 Store it in Fhe Inleinas buff Gcz the Drag Controller to rt 10x — rife olaia is Stores in dhe nil dasa stored in the buffer > Then oma controite =27Ue8! the —> Disk conporer -ronspex te bie ino memo" > pist connotie Sency te be ye to org conholler. There ape i+ leemeaser “he count Distcontrolte, te Hansfa. cous to cuesme Byte count jg xe 70 egual to zex0 i} supean He. Gleps 9 5 ap bys Cousin aio! to 2020 iy wait Beha an intexuph to po if pangs is one. BBiping ter 74 oft : ; prin saves He 210. woul Alp are ofp fave Leet acce, — rm his 1m snovernent GF POs eviihow Serial communicanon and Bus molerfaces i Sena commurneation srandords sen communication 7 *olking buy oak auinte one, Bit is hens fesea a * 7 Nau: Hranspomg 18 Bi toy Bit Seria Communicasion is preferred we fave ony Sing. ine “Transfo _o atd Settaly oes . (Commoner) Se 50, EAL ves aaa [Pe levies — > Seaio cemmunicesi€m siardoscts RS-232, — Tie Fier RS -St0Mdoxd whicn jg (Rs-23a RS Starde js a siandowl Protea useo for 5 ancl iis peuphexar cavice eajat corarmunicahion Stanclaxts R5-23+ 0 anew ap is usel for Connecting compuse Beriat dala exdionge genoeen wn. = vert [ univesat lait data newiver f Transmit} Auporrorcus Cai 8-825. Poy -Mansperring used in connec cola benden prinks & compere.SEY Cala Transmission standonds pararnete, R532 RS-4aa Rs- ust Cabling siege Catt Gf ferentias eney oppeeection om prior” Hor ane Hansichon pa itiaiotoio 5 no. cleotes “9 one vecaives % 10 reciivers sa reas. jaaion comynutt Fu Dupler Fualjaosp upiex atay Duplex mordmum 1 @ kia we. ik fee for tooo fet. For ‘istonce kfopB < 1ookeps eos mar Ota Yate (aLeps ar at ot SO feet Dears fer ee pia Seiot pata -hansp Te data in sme Stxial communication may fe sow tn Ane 00 Forrmis 1 Syncmonous transmission 2. ABynowonou ransmissien Syncnronats Transmission fm Sending Gils One GfHer anoiner withour 3i224/syop BIS Or GPRS: ig she mesporsibe I Geups vetdiver fo Mate groups | BiB. Ce byK) Te recive, counts the Bis as ting araive are groupe them in cae Git units Direction of ge 1reo10o} Finovet J [orore101 J, [00107 | pean Hisynchronous ‘Pansmission ve gens ora cian gnc) ar te Eeigning art Stop Bt) at Me od ale CT, SHOP bir (aaa, (ae