Program 1
# Recursively find th factorial of a natural number.
def factorial(n):
if (n==1 or n==0):
return (n * factorial(n - 1))
# EXAMPLE :-
num = 5;
print("number : ",num)
print("Factorial : ",factorial(num))
OUTPUT :
number : 5
Factorial : 120
PROGRAM 2
def recursive_sum(lst):
# Base case: an empty list has a sum of 0
if not lst:
return 0
# Recursive case: sum of the first element and the sum of the rest of the list
else:
return lst[0] + recursive_sum(lst[1:])
# Example usage:
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
result = recursive_sum(my_list)
print(f"The sum of elements in the list is: {result}")
120
OUTPUT :
The sum of elements in the list is: 15
PROGRAM 3 :
def fibonacci(n):
# Base case: Fibonacci of 0 is 0, and Fibonacci of 1 is 1
if n == 0:
return 0
elif n == 1:
return 1
# Recursive case: Fibonacci(n) = Fibonacci(n-1) + Fibonacci(n-2)
else:
return fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2)
# Example usage: nth_fibonacci = 10 # Change this to the
desired value of n result = fibonacci(nth_fibonacci)
print(f"The {nth_fibonacci}th Fibonacci number is: {result}")
OUTPUT :
The 10th Fibonacci number is: 55
PROGRAM 4
def display_words_with_a_sharp(file_path):
try:
with open(file_path, 'r') as file
# Read the file line by line
for line in file:
# Tokenize the line into words
words = line.split()
# Display words ending with 'a#'
for word in words:
if word.endswith('a#'):
print(word)
except FileNotFoundError:
print(f"Error: File '{file_path}' not found.")
PROGRAM 5
# Vowels & Consonants count
str = input("Type the string: ")
vowel_count=0
consonants_count=0
vowel = set("aeiouAEIOU")
for alphabet in str:
if alphabet in vowel:
vowel_count=vowel_count +1
elif alphabet == chr(32):
consonants_count=consonants_count
else:
consonants_count=consonants_count+1
print("Number of Vowels in ",str," is :",vowel_count)
print("Number of Consonants in ",str," is :",consonants_count)
# Upper and lower case count
uppercase_count=0
lowercase_count=0
for elem in str:
if elem.isupper():
uppercase_count += 1
elif elem.islower():
lowercase_count += 1
print("Number of UPPER Case in ",str,"' is :",uppercase_count)
print("Number of lower case in ",str,"' is :",lowercase_count)
Type the string: "Welcome to cbsepython. Best website to learn cbse computer
science"
OUTPUT :
('Number of Vowels in ', 'Welcome to cbsepython. Best website to learn cbse
computer science', ' is :', 20)
('Number of Consonants in ', 'Welcome to cbsepython. Best website to learn cbse
computer science', ' is :', 37)
('Number of UPPER Case in ', 'Welcome to cbsepython. Best website to learn cbse
computer science', "' is :", 2)
('Number of lower case in ', 'Welcome to cbsepython. Best website to learn cbse
computer science', "' is :", 54)
>>>
PROGRAM 6
import pickle:
def write_data_to_binary_file(file_name,data):
with open(file_name, 'wb') as file:
pickle.dump(data, file)
def get_name_by_roll_number(file_name,target_roll_number):
with open(file_name, 'rb') as file:
student_data = pickle.load(file)
for record in student_data:
if record['roll_number'] == target_roll_number:
return record['name']
return None
# Example data
student_data = [
{"name": "Alice", "roll_number": 101},
{"name": "Bob", "roll_number": 102},
{"name": "Charlie", "roll_number": 103},
{"name": "David", "roll_number": 104},
file_name = "student_data_pickle.bin"
write_data_to_binary_file(file_name, student_data) target_roll_number =
int(input("Enter roll number to get the name: ")) found_name =
get_name_by_roll_number(file_name, target_roll_number)
# Display the result
if found_name is not
None:
print(f"Name for Roll Number {target_roll_number}: {found_name}")
else:
print(f"Roll Number {target_roll_number} not found.")
EXAMPLE RUN
Enter roll number to get the name: 101
Name for Roll Number 101: Alice
Enter roll number to get the name: 103
Name for Roll Number 103: Charlie
PROGRAM 7
Import pickle
def write_records(file, records):
pickle.dump(records, file)
def read_records(file):
try:
records = pickle.load(file)
return records
except EOFError:
return {}
def.update_records(records):
while True:
try:
roll_number = int(input("Enter roll number (0 to exit): "))
if roll_number == 0:
break # Exit loop if roll_number is 0
marks = float(input("Enter marks: "))
records[roll_number] = marks
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input. Please enter a valid roll number and marks.")
def main():
file_name = 'student_records.pkl'
try:
try:
with open(file_name, 'rb') as file:
records = read_records(file)
except FileNotFoundError:
records = {}
update_records(records)
with open(file_name, 'wb') as file:
write_records(file, records)
print(f"Updated records written to {file_name}.")
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error: {e}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
EXAMPLE RUN
Enter roll number (0 to exit): 05
Enter marks: 99
Enter roll number (0 to exit): 07
Enter marks: 97
Enter roll number (0 to exit): 0
Updated records written to student_records.pkl.
PROGRAM 8
myfile = open("Answer.txt", "r")
newfile = open("nswer.txt", "w")
line = ""
while line:
line = myfile.readline()
if 'a' not in line:
newfile.write(line)
myfile.close()
newfile.close()
print("Newly created file contains")
print("------------")
newfile = open("nswer.txt","r")
line = ""
while line:
line = newfile.readline()
print(line)
newfile.close()
PROGRAM 9
import random
def roll_dice():
return random.randint(1, 6)
def main():
print("Welcome to the Dice Simulator!")
while True:
input("Press Enter to roll the dice...")
result = roll_dice()
print(f"You rolled: {result}")
play_again = input("Do you want to roll again? (yes/no): ").lower()
if play_again != 'yes':
break
print("Thanks for playing!")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
EXAMPLE RUN
Welcome to the Dice Simulator!
Press Enter to roll the dice...
You rolled: 6
Do you want to roll again? (yes/no): yes
Press Enter to roll the dice...
You rolled: 3
Do you want to roll again? (yes/no): no
Thanks for playing!
PROGRAM 10
class Stack:
def __init__(self):
self.q = Queue()
def is_empty(self):
return self.q.is_empty()
def push(self, data):
self.q.enqueue(data)
def pop(self):
for _ in range(self.q.get_size() - 1):
dequeued = self.q.dequeue()
self.q.enqueue(dequeued)
return self.q.dequeue()
class Queue:
def __init__(self):
self.items = []
self.size = 0
def is_empty(self):
return self.items == []
def enqueue(self, data):
self.size += 1
self.items.append(data)
def dequeue(self):
self.size -= 1
return
self.items.pop(0)
def get_size(self):
return self.size
s = Stack()
print('Menu')
print('push <value>')
print('pop') print('quit')
while True:
do = input('What would you like to do? ').split()
operation = do[0].strip().lower()
if operation == 'push':
s.push(int(do[1]))
elif operation == 'pop':
if s.is_empty():
print('Stack is empty.')
else:
print('Popped value: ', s.pop())
elif operation == 'quit':
break
EXAMPLE RUN
Menu
push <value> pop
quit
What would you like to do? push 4
What would you like to do? push 4
What would you like to do? push 5
What would you like to do? push 8
What would you like to do? pop
Popped value: 8
What would you like to do? pop
Popped value: 5
What would you like to do? pop
Popped value: 4
What would you like to do? pop
Popped value: 4
What would you like to do? pop
Stack is empty. What would you
like to do? quit
PROGRAM 11
import csv
def write_to_csv(file_name, data):
with open(file_name, 'w', newline='') ascsvfile:
fieldnames = ['User_ID', 'Password']
writer = csv.DictWriter(csvfile,fieldnames=fieldnames)
writer.writeheader()
for row in data:
writer.writerow(row)
def read_from_csv(file_name):
data = []
with open(file_name, 'r') as csvfile:
reader = csv.DictReader(csvfile)
for row in reader:
data.append(row)
return data
def search_password(data, user_id):
for row in data:
if row['User_ID'] == user_id:
return row['Password']
return None
def main():
file_name = 'user_data.csv'
user_data = []
while True:
user_id = input("Enter User ID (type 'exit' to stop): ")
if user_id.lower() == 'exit':
break
password = input("Enter Password: ")
user_data.append({'User_ID': user_id, 'Password': password})
write_to_csv(file_name, user_data)
print(f"Data written to {file_name}.")
read_data = read_from_csv(file_name)
search_user_id = input("Enter User ID to search for password: ")
found_password = search_password(read_data, search_user_id)
if found_password:
print(f"Password for User ID {search_user_id}: {found_password}")
else:
print(f"User ID {search_user_id} not found.")
if __name__ == "__main__":
EXAMPLE RUN
Enter User ID (type 'exit' to stop): vanshduhoon07
Enter Password: vanshjaat1
Enter User ID (type 'exit' to stop): vanshjaat7
Enter Password: vanshjaat2
Enter User ID (type 'exit' to stop): exit
Data written to user_data.csv.
Enter User ID to search for password: vanshduhoon07
Password for User ID vanshduhoon07: vanshjaat1
PROGRAM 12
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS student (
student_id INT PRIMARY KEY,
first_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
last_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
age INT,
marks INT
);
INSERT INTO student (student_id, first_name, last_name, age, marks)
VALUES
(1, 'John', 'Doe', 18, 85),
(2, 'Jane', 'Smith', 19, 92),
(3, 'Alice', 'Johnson', 20, 78),
(4, 'Bob', 'Williams', 18, 95);
SELECT * FROM student;
ALTER TABLE student
ADD COLUMN email VARCHAR(100);
ALTER TABLE student
MODIFY COLUMN age VARCHAR(3);
ALTER TABLE student
DROP COLUMN marks;
UPDATE student
SET age = 21
WHERE student_id = 3;
SELECT * FROM student
ORDER BY age ASC;
SELECT * FROM student
ORDER BY marks DESC;
DELETE FROM student
WHERE student_id = 2;
SELECT
MIN(age) AS min_age,
MAX(age) AS max_age,
SUM(age) AS total_age,
COUNT(*) AS total_students,
AVG(age) AS avg_age
FROM student;
OUTPUT
student_id first_name last_name age marks
1 John Doe 18 85
2 Jane Smith 19 92
3 Alice Johnson 20 78 4 Bob Williams 18
95
student_id first_name last_name age email
1 John Doe 18 NULL
4 Bob Williams 18 NULL
2 Jane Smith 19 NULL
3 Alice Johnson 21 NULL
[Execution complete with exit code 1]
PROGRAM 13
import mysql.connector conn =
mysql.connector.connect(
host='your_host',
user='your_user',
password='your_password',
database='your_database'
cursor = conn.cursor() cursor.execute('''
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS student (
student_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, age INT NOT
NULL, grade FLOAT NOT NULL
''')
cursor.executemany('''
INSERT INTO student (name, age, grade) VALUES (%s, %s, %s)
''', [
('Alice', 20, 85.5),
('Bob', 21, 90.0),
('Charlie', 19, 78.2),
('David', 22, 95.7)
])
conn.commit()
print("Initial Data:") cursor.execute('SELECT
* FROM student') for row in
cursor.fetchall():
print(row)
cursor.execute('ALTER TABLE student ADD COLUMN major VARCHAR(255)')
cursor.execute('ALTER TABLE student MODIFY COLUMN age VARCHAR(255)')
cursor.execute('UPDATE student SET grade = grade + 5 WHERE name = "Alice"')
cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM student ORDER BY grade ASC') print("\nData in
Ascending Order:") for row in cursor.fetchall():
print(row) cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM student ORDER BY
grade DESC') print("\nData in Descending Order:") for row in
cursor.fetchall():
print(row) cursor.execute('DELETE FROM student WHERE name
= "Charlie"') cursor.execute(''' SELECT age,
MIN(grade) AS min_grade,
MAX(grade) AS max_grade,
SUM(grade) AS total_grade,
COUNT(*) AS total_students,
AVG(grade) AS avg_grade
FROM student
GROUP BY age
''')
print("\nStatistics by Age:") for
row in cursor.fetchall():
print(row)
conn.close()
PROGRAM 14
import mysql.connnector as sqltor mysql = sqltor.connect(host = “localhost” , user = “learner” ,
passwd = “fast” , database = “test”) if mycon.is_connected() == False:
Print(‘Error connecting to MySQL database ‘ )
cursor = mycon.cursor()
cursor.execute(“select * from student “) data
= cursor.fetchmany(3) count =
cursor.rowcount for row in data : Print(row)
mycon.close()
OUTPUT
(101 , ‘Ruhani’ , Decimal(‘76.80’) , ‘A’ , ‘A’ , ‘Pending’ )
(102 , ‘George’ , Decimal(‘71.20’) , ‘B’ , ‘A’ , ‘Submitted’)
(103 , ‘ Simran‘ ,Decimal(‘81.20’) , ‘A’ , ‘B’ , ‘Evaluated’)
PROGRAM 15
CREATE TABLE Employee
( ID Number(4) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY ,
First_Name Varchar(30) NOT NULL,
Last_Name Varchar (30) NOT NULL,
User_ID Varchar (10) UNIQUE ,
Salary Number (9,2) CHECK (Salary > 5000) );
MySQL responds as : Query OK , 0 rows affected
PROGRAM 16
PROGRAM 17
OUTPUT
