DATABASE
FUNDAMENTALS &
DESIGN
Presented by
Josephine Boles
Outline
• Data & Information.
• File Based System.
• What is Database, Database System?
• DBMS & its functions.
• Database Properties.
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Database Systems.
• DB Architecture.
• Distributed Processing & Architectural Design.
• Who Deals with Database.
• Data Models.
Course Objectives
fundamentals of Databases. Trainees will develop
skills in the design, construction, modification, and
use of databases.Structured Query Language (SQL)
will be emphasized.
Course Duration
• Lectures : 18 hrs.
• Labs : 12 hrs.
Grading System
Assignments and Lab Work 40%
Final Exam 60%
Data & Information
• Data is the raw input (numbers, characters, images…)
which when processed or arranged makes meaningful
output (Information)
• Data is the lowest level of knowledge and information
is the second level.
• Data by itself alone is not significant. Information is
significant by itself.
• Observations and recordings are done to obtain data,
while analysis and processing are done to obtain
information.
Database interact with
Database interact with
Database interact with
File Based System
• It is a collection of programs that perform services for
the end user.
• Each Program defines and manages its own data.
File Based System
•It is a collection of programs that perform services
for the end user.
•Each Program defines and manages its own data
Limitations
•Separation & Isolation Of data
•Duplication Of data
•Program Data Dependence
•Incompatible File Formats
What is a database?
“A database is an organized collection of
related data”
•The data is typically organized to model relevant aspects of
reality in a way that supports processes requiring this
information
Database System
The database The Software
Application Program DBMS
Database Management System (DBMS)
• It is the intermediate layer between the
database and the programs that access the
data.
• It is collection of programs that enables
users to create and maintain a database.
DBMS Functions
• Defining Database.
• Constructing Database.
• Manipulating Database.
• Data Independence.
• Data Security & Integrity.
• Concurrency.
• Backup & Recovery.
• Data Dictionary (Meta Data).
• Performance.
Database Management System
(DBMS) Users
Database System
Application Programs
DBMS Software to process
Software Queries
Software to access Stored Data
Stored DB
Stored
Definition
Database
(Metadata)
Database vs. File System
Database Properties
•Self describing nature.
•Insulation between program and data.
•Sharing of data and multi user transaction processing.
DBMS Advantages
• Controlling Redundancy.
• Restricting Unauthorized Access.
• Sharing data.
• Enforcing Integrity Constraints
• Inconsistency can be avoided.
• Providing Backup and Recovery.
DBMS Disadvantages
• Needs expertise to use (which is expensive)
• DBMS is expensive
• DBMS may be incompatible with any other available
DBMS
Database Users
Mapping
• It is the processes of transforming requests and
results between levels.
Data Independence
• The capacity to change the schema at one level
without having to change the schema at the next
higher level
Distributed Processing
• DATA: Includes database definition, data integrity
logic and all other objects that are associated with the
data (The role of the DBMS).
• Business: Includes the application logic and business
rules.
• For example, ensuring that the employee s salary won’t
exceed 5000 LE and must be positive and so on.
• Presentation: The way of presenting the data to users,
that is usually implemented on the client (application
program).
Distributed Processing
• DATA: Includes database definition, data integrity
logic and all other objects that are associated with the
data (The role of the DBMS).
• Business: Includes the application logic and business
rules.
• For example, ensuring that the employee s salary won’t
exceed 5000 LE and must be positive and so on.
• Presentation: The way of presenting the data to users,
that is usually implemented on the client (application
program).
Centralized Database Environment
• Mainframe environment
• Client/Server environment
• Internet Computing environment:
Centralized Database Environment
Centralized Database Environment
Centralized Database Environment
Centralized Database Environment
Distributed Database
Distributed Database
Distributed Database
Distributed Database
Distributed Database
DBMS Other Functions
DBMS Other Functions
DBMS Other Functions
DBMS Other Functions
Exercises
