Exam

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___________

Mathematical Expressions

C++ Math Functions

This function returns the absolute value of a number.

Example:

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
int main() {
int x = -5;
int absoluteValue = abs(x);
std::cout << "Absolute value of " << x << " is: " << absoluteValue << std::endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

Absolute value of -5 is: 5

2. Square Root: sqrt(x)

This function returns the square root of a number.

Example:#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
int main() {
double x = 25.0;
double squareRoot = sqrt(x);
std::cout << "Square root of " << x << " is: " << squareRoot << std::endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

Square root of 25 is: 5

3. Cube Root: cbrt(x)

This function returns the cube root of a number.

Example:#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
int main() {
double x = 27.0;
double cubeRoot = cbrt(x);
 std::cout << "Cube root of " << x << " is: " << cubeRoot << std::endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

Cube root of 27 is: 3

4. Power: pow(x, y)

This function multiples x to the power of y.

Example:#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
int main() {
double x = 2.0;
double y = 3.0;
double result = pow(x, y);
std::cout << x << " raised to the power of " << y << " is: " << result << std::endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

2 raised to the power of 3 is: 8

5. Exponential: exp(x)

This function multiples the value of e (2.71828) to the power of x.

Example:#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
int main() {
double x = 1.0;
double result = exp(x);
std::cout << "Exponential of " << x << " is: " << result << std::endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

Exponential of 1 is: 2.71828

6. Natural Logarithm: log(x)

Example:#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
int main() {
double x = 10.0;
double naturalLog = log(x);
std::cout << "Natural logarithm of " << x << " is: " << naturalLog << std::endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

Natural logarithm of 10 is: 2.30259

7. Base-10 Logarithm: log10(x)

This function calculates the base-10 logarithm of a number.

Example:#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
int main() {
double x = 100.0;
double log10Value = log10(x);
std::cout << "Base-10 logarithm of " << x << " is: " << log10Value << std::endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

Base-10 logarithm of 100 is: 2

8. Base-2 Logarithm: log2(x)

This function calculates the base-2 logarithm of a number.

Example:

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
int main() {
double x = 16.0;
double log2Value = log2(x);
std::cout << "Base-2 logarithm of " << x << " is: " << log2Value << std::endl;
 return 0;
}

Output:

Base-2 logarithm of 16 is: 4=

9. Floor: floor(x)

This function returns the largest integer that’s less than or equal to x.

Example:

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
int main() {
double x = 4.9;
double floorValue = floor(x);
std::cout << "Floor value of " << x << " is: " << floorValue << std::endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

Floor value of 4.9 is: 4

10. Ceiling: ceil(x)

This function returns the smallest integer that’s greater than or equal to x.

Example:

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
int main() {
double x = 4.1;
double ceilValue = ceil(x);
std::cout << "Ceil value of " << x << " is: " << ceilValue << std::endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

Ceil value of 4.1 is: 5

This function rounds x to the nearest integer.

Example:
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
int main() {
double x = 4.5;
double roundedValue = round(x);
std::cout << "Rounded value of " << x << " is: " << roundedValue << std::endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

Rounded value of 4.5 is: 5

12. Sine: sin(x)

This function returns the sine of x in radians.

Example:

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
int main() {
double x = 0.5;
double sineValue = sin(x);
std::cout << "Sine of " << x << " is: " << sineValue << std::endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

Sine of 0.5 is: 0.479426

13. Cosine: cos(x)

This function returns the cosine of x in radians.

Example:#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
int main() {
double x = 0.5;
 double cosineValue = cos(x);
std::cout << "Cosine of " << x << " is: " << sineValue << std::endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

Cosine of 0.5 is: 0.877583

14. Tangent: tan(x)

This function returns the tangent of x in radians.

Example:
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
int main() {
double x = 0.5;
double tangentValue = tan(x);
std::cout << "Tangent of " << x << " is: " << sineValue << std::endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

Tangent of 0.5 is: 0.546302

15. Arcsine: asin(x)

This function returns the arcsine of x in radians.

Example:

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
int main() {
double x = 0.5;
double arcsineValue = asin(x);
std::cout << "Arcsine of " << x << " is: " << sineValue << std::endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

Arcsine of 0.5 is: 0.523599 radians