INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
Prepared by:
Nur balqis izzati binti azmi
CK230115
1cemerlang
Introduction to computer
1)computer definition
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A computer is a machine or divice that performs
process,calculations and operation based on
instructions provided by a software or hardware.It
has ability to accept data (INPUT),process it,and
then produce outputs.
2)basic computer operation
OUTPU
INPUT PROCESS T
STORAGE
3)DEFINE OF INPUT,PROCESS,OUTPUT
a) Input is any information or data sent to a computer for processing is
considered input. Input or user input is sent to a computer using an input
devide. The picture is an illustration of the difference between input and
output. The input example (top) shows data sent from a keyboard to a
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computer. Example of input device is . keyboards, mouse, scanners,
cameras, joysticks, and microphones.
B) Process is transformation of the input data to a more
meaningful form (information) in the CPU. Output is the production
of the required information, which may be input in future. The
difference between data collection and data capture.
C)Output is any information processed by and sent out from
a computer or other electronic device is considered output. An example
of output is anything viewed on your computer monitor screen, such as
the words you type on your keyboard. Without some type of output that a
human could see, feel, or hear, a human could not interact with the
computer. In the picture, the bottom half shows data sent from a
computer to a printer . When the printer finishes printing its hard copy
the paper is considered a form of output.Example of output device is
monitors, printers, speakers, headphones, projectors, GPS devices,
optical mark readers, and braille readers.
4)computer hardware system
Computer hardware system is Hardware refers to the external and internal devices
and equipment that enable you to perform major functions such as input, output,
storage, communication, processing, and more. There are two types of computer
hardware: external and internal. External hardware devices include monitors,
keyboards, printers, and scanners, whereas internal hardware devices include
motherboards, hard drives, and RAM.
Example of hardware includes devices such as keyboard,mouse,monitor,central
processing unit (CPU).
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5)computer software system
Compuer software system Software is a set of
instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and
execute specific tasks. It is the opposite of hardware, which
describes the physical aspects of a computer. Software is a
generic term used to refer to applications, scripts and programs
that run on a device. The two main categories of software
are application software and system software. An application is
software that fulfills a specific need or performs tasks. System
software is designed to run a computer's hardware and provides a
platform for applications to run on top. Other types of software
include programming software, which provides the programming
tools software developers need; middleware, which sits between
system software and applications;
OPERATING SYSTEM AND APPLICATIONS
WHAT IS OPERATING SYSTEM
a system software that acts as a mediator between the user and hardware. It manages all
the hardware components. It provides an environment for the user to interact with various
applications, execute programs and use hardware components etc., OS is the essential part
of a computer system. OS is the first program to run when the computer is turned on. BIOS
will start running the operating system once computer is started. It manages other a
polication software, hardware devices, allocates memory, storage management etc.,
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The main functions of an operating system are
1. It provides an environment for the user to interact with the computer
components and acts as an interface between the user and the system’s
hardware.
2. It manages all the system resources and allocate them to the user based on
their needs.
3. It runs various other application software
Types of Operating Systems
Here is a list of different types of operating systems:
1.
Batch operating system − Allows multiple users to use it at the same
time. But there are no connections between the users. The OS doesn’t
directly interact with the hardware. There are certain operators between
the OS and hardware.
2. Time-sharing operating system − Each task is given with certain amount
of time to execute. Once the time is completed, the control is shifted to the
next task.
3. Distributed operating system − Here, all computer systems are
connected to an OS. Each computer has its own memory and CPU and
they are all connected to a single operating system. Connected computers
can access various files from that network which are not actually present
in them.
4. Network operating system − Here computers have their own operating
system and are connected to a common server.
5. Real-time operating system − These OS are designed to perform
specific tasks in a given time limit. They are used in missiles, airbags, etc.
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WHAT IS AN APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Application software is a software program than can perform a specific task. This
task performed can be business related or personal. This software is accessed by
the user and its sole purpose is to serve the user requirements.
Application software are installed by the user. User can use different application
software based on their need. One can install a number of application software in
their system. We can run multiple application software at the same time.
Games like candy crush, web browsers, messengers like Whatsapp, social media
apps ae all examples of application software. Users directly interact with this
software to perform their task.
Types of Application Software
Here is a list of different types of application software we get to see −
1. Freeware − As the name suggests, this application software is
available for free. Adobe reader, Yahoo messenger, LibreOffice etc.,
are some of the freeware software
2. Open source − The source code of these software is available for
all thus one can change it and add new features to it. Apache web
server, GIMP, etc., are examples of open source software.
3. Shareware − This software is available for free for a limited period
of time (trail) and then one has to pay for their services. Winzip,
Adobe acrobat, skype etc., are some of the shareware software
4. Custom software − Software that is special developed for a user or
organization. E-commerce solution, Fintech solution, etc., are some
of the custom software
5. Packaged software − Software consisting a group of similar
programs. MS Office is the best example for this. It consists of
Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, etc.
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6)STORAGE
COMPUTER STRORAGE IS Whereas memory refers to the
computer that allows you to store and access data on a long-term
basis. Usually, storage comes in the form of a solid-state drive or a
hard drive
Storage device example includes flash memory divices , Magnetic
Storage Devices ,Optical Storage Devices ,Cloud and Virtual
Storage
7)HOW COMPUTER CHANGE OUR LIFE
In my opinion,computer has a large impact on our society,culture ,and our way of life
Computers were initially used only in workplaces but quickly revolutionized things
such as school homework, shopping, and, more recently, working from home. With
the internet and computers, long-distance communication has also become much
more accessible for people worldwide.
The computer being such a present tool in our everyday lives, has drastically
changed how we think. Today, all you have to do to find answers is type them into
any number of search engines. In addition to this, blogging, instant messaging,
chatting, and social networking ultimately unite people worldwide. This powerful
technology has become the most significant mode of communication for many
communities conclusion is that computers make human life easier. In addition, it is a
technology that is always used by workers and students to do work. Computers are
also always used by workers who work such as analyzing data, graphic designer
computer technician and many more
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