ITE-101
LIVING IN THE IT ERA
Prepared By: Laurice Mariquina
COMPUTER BASICS
Outline
• Information Systems
• Types of Computers
• Types of Software
• Computer System Components
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
• Identify the purpose and elements of information system
• Differentiate types of computers
• Distinguish one software type from another
• Identify the components of computer system
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
• Used for managing and processing data using a computer.
TYPICAL ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEM
• People – end user of the of the information
systems
• Software – A program consist of step by step
instructions that tells the computer to perform
a certain task.
• Hardware – Physical parts of the computers
• Procedures – The rules or guidelines for
people to follow when using software,
hardware and data are procedures.
• Data – The raw data , including texts,
numbers, images, and sounds are called data.
What is computer?
• Computers are electronic devices that can follow
instruction to accept input, process that input, and
produce information.
What is hardware?
• Hardware consist of components inside a computer as
well as the external devices that interact with it, such
as printer, cables, and monitors.
4 types of computer
• Desktop Computer – a computer designed to
be used at a desk, and seldom moved.
• Notebook Computer – also known as laptop
computer, this is portable computer
designed to fold up like a notebook for
carrying
• Tablet Computer – a portable computer that
consist of touch sensitive display screen.
• Smartphones – are mobile phones that can
run computer applications.
• Other mobile computers are wearable devices
such as smartwatches and activity trackers.
Super Computer
• Super computer are the largest and
most powerful type of computer.
• It is used to process massive amount
of data such as weather forecasting,
climate mapping and molecular
modeling.
Mainframe Computer
• Large and powerful computer , but not
nearly as powerful as super
computers.
• For example, a mainframe might
collect all the sales data from
hundreds of cash registers in a large
department store.
Midrange Computer
• These also referred to as servers.
These are computers with processing
capabilities less powerful than main
frame but more powerful than
personal computer.
Software
• Software also called as program, tells the hardware what to do, but
different types of software accomplish a task at different levels.
2 types of software included in a computer
• System Software – programs that
control or maintain the operation
of computer.
• BIOS – the software is stored on a read
only chip on the motherboard so it
doesn’t accidentally get changed or
corrupted.
• Operating System – manages all the
activities of the computer after startup.
• Utilities – A utility software is also
available , either provided free with OS
or add on.
BIOS
• It is the most basic software. This
software is stored on a read only
chip on the motherboard so it
doesn’t accidentally get changed
or corrupted.
• This important software help the
computer start up and performs
some basic testing on the
hardware.
OPERATING SYSTEM
• The example of operating system are Windows, Mac OS, Android, and
Linux
• It provides the user interface that users use to communicate
commands and received feedback
• It runs applications and enables users to interact with them.
• It controls and manages the file storage system.
• It communicates with the hardware, instructing it to take action to
accomplishment task. For example, The OS tell the printer to print a
document, and tells the monitor what image to display.
UTILITIES
• A utility software is also available,
either provided free with the OS or
added on. Windows Control Panel,
device manager, task manager, and
system configuration are example of
utility programs
2 types of software included in a computer
• Application Software – software
works with the operating system to
meet a specific need or perform a
specific task.
• Productivity Software – this application
software category helps user to
accomplish practical task such as writing
documents, storing data and sending
emails.
Computer System
• A computer system is a system that is
able to take a set of inputs (data),
process them, and create a set of
outputs (information).
• Personal computer is an example of a
computer system.
• It has input (such as keyboard and
mouse)
• The data is then processed (the
computer processor) in a certain way
• The outcome of the processing is sent to
an output (such as monitor and printer)
• It may stored (such as hard disk)
Information Processing life cycle
• The information processing cycle is consisting of four (4)
categories of components.:
• Input – Components that help users put data into the computer.
Examples include keyboard, mouse and touch screen.
• Processing – Components that move and process the data inside
the computer. The motherboard and its processor and memory
chips fall into this category.
• Output – Components that provide the result of the processing
to end users. The monitor is the primary output device, other
examples include printer and speakers.
• Storage – Components that store software and data until it is
needed. Storage components include hard drives, USB Flash
drives, and DVDs
END OF PRESENTATION
