Basic ICT Skills-I

Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, students will be able to:
Describe the role of ICT in day-to-day life.
Identify the various components of computer system.
e Identify various peripheral devices.
• Perform basic computer operations.
Connect with the world using Internet and its applications.

3.1 DESCRIBE THE ROLE OF ICT IN DAY-TO-DAY LIFE

SESSION 1 INTRODUCTION TO ICT
ICT stands for Information and CommunicationsTechnology.In its purview, ICT takes up knowledge of
how computer works as well as how different computers communicate.In this day and age, a machine
as "versatile" as computer is indispensableat home and workplace.Various properties of how computer
works go into making it such a force, two of which are its speed and accuracy of output. The other
componentof ICT, the communicationspart is also quite powerful. Just imagine, if a computer itself is
such a powerful machine, what would happen if computers would be able to share each others' work.
Thus, ICT is here to stay and prospectsin the future are also looking nothing but up. In every walk of life,
the computerisationof work is getting more and more prevalent. There is no public office to be found that
does not use computers. Accountantshave been trained in computers, elderly people use their smartphones
like a computer, children watch cartoons on a television with set top box, and many such transformations
in societyhave been made possibleby computers.
SESSION 2 ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF ICT IN PERSONAL LIFE AND AT WORKPLACE
Personal life is full of examples of ICT use. You can:
1. Pay your bills online. 2. Watch a cricket or football match online.
3. Transfer money between accounts online.
4. Buy commoditiesfor daily use from websites like bigbasket.com,www.flipkart.com,etc.
5. Digitized television sets are ICT tools. 6. Order food through smartphone/computer
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 There are many more possible desires for the urban person and computersplay a role in all of these. After
you have grown up and get yourself a job, there is hardly a workplace that computer has not penetrated
into. The IT sector would clearly deal with computers.Even other industries not directly linked with IT
sector also inevitably use computers.
Sectors like banking, FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods), finance, real estate, construction engineering,
etc. have all brought their business onto the internet space. As has been covered earlier, the two properties
Of a computer (there are more), speed and accuracy of output have enabled the embracing of computer
technologies by all. Some cases in which computersfind use for in workplace are:
1. Email circulation in office and between offices. 2. Intimation of meetings
3. Updation of meeting timings 4. Policy change by companies
5. Letting your superiors know of your views on an issue.

SESSION 3 ICT IN OUR DAILY LIFE (EXAMPLES)

Following is a list of things in which ICT finds use in daily life.
1. Taking appointment with doctor on practo.com
2. Paying utility bills at home
3. Gaining knowledge from websites like Wikipedia.com,Slashdot.org or news websites.
4. Work from home
5. Taking online classes through tutorvista.com, Ito I tutor.com, etc.
6. Paying your credit card bills online
7. Book train and flight tickets online.
8. Book tickets to a concert by artists
The list really goes on and on and it is likely what does not come into the purview of online solution
might happen in the near future.

SESSION 4 ICT TOOLS - MOBILE, TAB, RADIO, TV, EMAIL, ETC.

Convergenceis one of the benchmarksof today's computer technologies. It is possible to have different
kinds of applications on the same machine. While computer is very versatile, the miniaturisation of the
computer has had no to little effect on the availability of features in the machine. Some machines that
can be termed as ICT tools are as below.
Mobile: It was primarily meant to make calls. But the ever growing needs to get work done in a jiffy,
has meant that today's mobile phone is loaded with many more applications apart from the one meant for
making and receiving calls. Making text message, Whatsapp for messaging, Paytm as e-wallet, pictures and
music videos, various apps for specific requirements,play store of windows or android or Apple mobiles,
abound in a typical smartphone.
Tab: A tab is a short form for a computer tablet. It is almost always bigger than a mobile phone,
It typically has all features of a computer. It has many applications. It would be stifling to not have
communications services like Google Hangouts or Whatsapp on a tablet.
Radio: Radio is one of the oldest surviving machines of the pre-computer era, at least in India. It used
to work as a cricket transmissiondevice, news device, music listening device, etc. These days also radio
does have its place. Cars come with radio transmissionfit in. While driving, you can listen to songs, sports
commentary, news broadcast, listen to RJs (Radio jockeys) talk about fun things, etc. Radio still has a place
in the lives of tech-savvypeople of this country.
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TV: It is, like radio,
quite an old technology. Around 1980s, TV made its introduction into India. It is
part Of every middle class or richer household in India these days. You
channels, listen to songs, watch
can watch movies, see news
serials, learn calculation tricks from experts, etc. So, the objective of TV
is entertainment.Bigger and
better TVs with HD viewing is available now.
Email: A lot Of the load Of the postal system in India is being
borne now by the email system. Gmail,
Hotmail, Yahoo mail, Outlook by
Microsoft are the major carriers of the email messages now. With the
rapid development of Internet
technologies, cracking, hacking, phishing, phreaking and SPAM, many people
have given up using email (A case in
point is Donald E. Knuth -- Stanford University -- who does not use
email). Still a majority of people do use email unperturbed.

SUMMARY
In this day and age, a machine as "versatile"as computeris indispensableat home and workplace.
• There is no public office to be found that does not use computers.
Convergence is one of the benchmarksof today's computertechnologies.
• Mobiles were primarily meant for making and receiving calls. Now it is also loaded with a lot of
applications.
• Radio is one of the oldest survivingelectronicmachinesof the pre-computerera, at least in India.

SELF ASSESSMENT
A. Multiple choice questions.
1. What machine do children watch their cartoons on?
(a) TV (b) Washing machine (c) Car
2. What does F in FMCG stand for?
(a) Free (b) Fewer (c) Fast
3. Which of the following companies is known to NOT provide email service?
(a) Microsoft (b) Google (c) Amazon
B. Answer the following questions.
1. Describe the TV as an ICT tool.
2. Describe the mobile phone as ICT tool.
C. Practical work.
Take a mobile phone and list some differences in software between the mobile phone and a desktop computer. What
do you observe in memory sizes occupied by the software system?

3.2 IDENTIFY THE VARIOUS COMPONENTS

OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
SESSION 1 BASIC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
Now, we will get down to studying the computer system. A computer system basically comprises of
systems. These systems act in unison to make the computer work and do its "tricks". In a typical computer,
there are four important devices. These are:
1. Mouse 2. Monitor 3. Keyboard 4. System cabinet
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These devices are further categorised as, input devices (mouse and keyboard), output device (monitor) and
processing devices (CPU inside the Systenl cabinet). They are natued so because:
1. Mouse and Keyboard take inputs from the external world:
2. Monitor provides output of the processesfor viewing
3. CPU inside the system cabinet does the mixing and Inatching i.e. processing of the formatted input
data.

SESSION 2 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

All the tangible parts of the cornputersystem,no matter how small or big, are parts of the hardware.Clearly,
a machine like computer has systems within it and they are _partoc the hardware. Thus, mouse, monitor,
system cabinet, its subsystems like motherboard,network card, sound card and keyboard are all hardware.
There are other examplesof hardware like printer,joystick, plotter, speakers,etc. We will not describe these
devices right now, but they extend the capabilityof the computerby attachingwith the computer.
Software is a more complex entity to describe though. This does not have a physical existence, like the
hardware devices do. These are the programsand processes in existence in the system ol' connputer.If you
do not understandwhat softwareis, think of the thoughtsand the memoiYin your brain. These cannot be
touched and felt but do have an existence.Similarly,softwarein the coinputersystelll has an existence.

SESSION 3 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MEMORY

We will describe the computer system by drawing analogy with the human mind. Just as humans think,
computers think with their processingdevices. Just as humans need to rememberfacts for its various needs,
to be of use to humans, the computeralso needs to rennemberfacts.
Now computer stores facts within its memory. For technical reasons, there are two kinds of memory
(broadly) that the computer memory is divided into. These are:
1. Primary memory 2. Secondary memory
Primary memory is basically electronic memory. Its subparts are RAM and ROM. These memories hold
data only while the computeris ON. Also, RAM is directly and quickly accessible by the computer.All
data that have to be worked upon by the computerhave to be brought into the primary memory,specifically
RAM. ROM is also important. It stands for Read Only Memory. Some preliminmy steps from booting up
of the computerare read from the ROM.
Secondarymemory is basically magnetic memory or optical or flash, but not electronic. Secondary memory
is long term storage of information. That is also why primary memory is small in size while secondary
memory is mostly much larger in size, usable for long term storage.The most importantsecondarystorage
device is the hard disk, normally placed within the system cabinet (although external hard disks are
available these days). CDs (Compact Disc), DVDs (Digital Versatile Disc), Flash drives, Blu-ray discs are
some other secondary storage devices.

SESSION 4 INPUT, OUTPUT AND STORAGE DEVICES

Input devices are those hardware devices that take input from the external world. There are quite a few
input devices for a computer these days. Some of them are mouse, keyboard, joystick, scanner, light pen
and touchscreen.All of these input devices are connected to the system cabinet that takes the input and
processes the input data.

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Storage devices are the ones that store the information.Wheneveryou save something on a drive on the
computer'it gets saved in the hard disk. If you attach or insert other devices, then they would also show
up on the computer system as an additional device added.
output devices are hardware of the computer that produce output to be consumed by the external world.
These are very important as the purpose of having a computer will be defeated if no output is produced
by the computer. Some of the well known output devices are monitor, printer, speakers, plotters and braille
embossers.

SUMMARY
All the tangible parts of the computer system, no matter how small or big, are part of hardware.
Examples of hardware are printer,joystick, plotter and speakers.
Primary memory is basically electronic memory, its subparts being RAM and ROM.
Secondary memory is for long term storage of information.
Input devices are those hardwarethat take input from the external world.
Storage devices are the devices that store the information.
Output devices are hardwareof the computerthat produceoutput to be consumed by the external world.

SELF ASSESSMENT
A. Multiple choice questions.
1, Mouse and keyboard are categorised as:
(a) Input devices (b) Storage devices (c) Output devices
2. The programs and processes within a computer are part of:
(a) Hardware (b) Software (c) Input devices
3. Mouse, keyboard and joystick are examples of:
(a) Input devices (b) Storage devices (c) Output devices

B. Answer the following questions.

1. Why is primary memory called so?
2. Is there electronic memory that is secondary in type?
C. Practical work.
Visit the computer lab of your school. Check the hard disk size and the RAM size of a machine. Why is there a huge
difference between primary memory size and secondary memory size, especially hard disk size?

3.3 IDENTIFY VARIOUS PERIPHERAL DEVICES

SESSION 1 VARIOUS PERIPHERAL DEVICES AND THEIR USE
Apart from the devices talked of till now, there are other devices that can be used when in need. These
devices are usually added to the computer when specialised requirements exist. For example:
draw figures on the screen. You might have seen the use of light pen during
Light pen: This is used to
cricket matches, used by the cricket commentators to describe field positions, etc. It is an input device.
Plotters: This is used to draw precise pictures for use in engineeringapplications.The figures in plotters
are drawn using pens. It is a vector graphics system, i.e. it is not built using dots on the screen but the
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shapes are drawn using geometric shapes. Plotters are somewhat slower than printers and they are also more
expensive than printers. This is an output device
Joystick: This is also an input device. It is usually used to play games on computer.
Speakers: This is an output device. It produces sound output from the computer. It is particularly useful
when watching a movie or listening to a song on the computer.
Microphone: This is an input device. It takes sound as input and may do anything with the sound, in
principle. In short, it is also known as a mic.
Digitising tablet stylus: These are useful in online teaching scenarios or even during online
discussions, to explain a point. It comes with a digitised board and a stylus. You write in the board using
the stylus. It is an input device.
Scanner: This is one of the tnore importantinput devices nowadays. It is used to get the digital version
of a physical object. To hire, many companies often ask for scanned copies of photographs or PAN card,
driving license. It is the scanner that helps achieve the digital copy of the documents.
Printer: This is also a very importantoutput device. If you want the hard copy of a certain document,you
have to look to the printer to provide you with that. There are all kinds of printers. There are dot matrix
printers, thermal printers, daisy wheel laser printers and inkjet printers.

SUMMARY
Light pen is used to draw figures on the screen.
Plotter is used to draw precise pictures for use in engineering applications.
Speakers produce sound ,output from the screen.
Microphone, sometimes also called mic, is used for taking sound as input.
Scanner is used to produce the digital version of a physical object, mostly a document.
Printer is used to print a document and thus get its hard copy.

SELF ASSESSMENT
A. Multiple choice questions.
1. Using what device do cricket commentators draw figures on TV screen?
(a) Light pen (b) Scanner (c) Printer
2. Using what does the plotter draw?
(a) Daisy wheel (b) Pen (c) Pencil

3. Which device is used to change a physical object into its digital version?
(a) Light pen (b) Scanner (c) Printer

B. Answer the following questions.

1. Name any four types of printers.
2. Describe a plotter.
C. Practical work.
Search on the internet for difference between vector graphics and raster graphics. Raster graphics are how printers
work. Vector graphics are how the plotters work. Read about both on the Internet.

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 3.4 PERFORM BASIC COMPUTER OPERATIONS
*SSION 1 PROCEDURE FOR STARTING
AND SHUTTING DOWN COMPUTER
It is easy enough to start
the computer.If all the electricalcomponentsof the computerare switched ON,
pressingthe switch on the system
cabinet is usually enough. If the electricalcomponentsare not switched
ON, then follow these steps:
1. Switch ON the main power button. 2. Switch ON the UPS.
3. Switch ON the system cabinet button. 4. Switch ON the monitor button button.
The above steps are usually enough to switch the computer
ON and up and running.
Steps to shut down the computerare as below:
l. Click on the Start button on Desktop. 2. Click on Shut Down option.
The Desktop will fade away and the cornputer will gradually shut down.

SESSION 2 OPERATING SYSTEMS (OS-S)

Operatingsystem is a software running on the computer.It acts as an interfacebetween the user and the
computer hardware. It is the most important software of the computer that makes the computer usable by
the user of the computer.
Someof the tasks done by the OS for the computerare:
1. Process creation 2. Process termination
3. Memory management by process 4. Disk space management
5. Peripherals management 6. Process management
It is rather complex task to write the operatingsystem. So, the general trend is to use some parent OS
and rewrite some of the essential routines in the core OS. For example,Linux was written with the use of
the UNIX as its kernel. Some popular OS-s for computers are Windows line of OS-s, Linux, Macintosh,
Android(for mobile phones) and DOS.
SESSION 3 TYPES OF OS - DOS, WINDOWS AND LINUX
As the OS is a rather complex software, different OS-s usually emphasise on different things. The different
types of OS-s are:
l. Time-sharing: It is an extensionof multiprogramming.In this mode, a number of users operate
online with the same CPU, but each uses a differentinput output terminal.
2. Multiprocessing: Multiprocessingoccurs when a computer system with two or more processorscan
run more than one program, or thread, at a given time by assigningthem to differentprocessors.
3. Multi-User operating system: Multi-user is a term that defines an operatingsystem that allows
access for multiple users to the computer at the same time. Windows and Linux are multi-user
os-s.
4• GUI: The Graphical User Interface (GUI) allows users to have direct control of visible objects (such
as icons) and actions that replace complex command syntax. GUI is used by Apple Macintosh and
Windows operating system.

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SESSION 4 DESKTOP OF WINDOWS AND LINUX
mm Explorer
window

mm I

Shortcuts Taskbar Show Desktop

Notification
Program button
area
Start button
button

FIG. 3.1: WINDOWS DESKTOP AND ITS COMPONENTS

Above is a labelled diagratll containing the elements of a typical Windows 7 Desktop.

Menu bar
Notification area Desktop
icons
Clock

Desktop

FIG. 3.2: LINUX DESKTOP

Above is a labelled diagralll containing the elements of a typical Ubuntu Linux Desktop.

SESSION 5 FILES AND FOLDERS

Files are used to store information of a computer system. File is larger in size if the information stored
in it is large. Often enough, not just data is stored in a file. Formatting instructions may also be present.
For example: A Notepad file stores primarily the data only and only a little bit of formatting. However, a
Microsoft Word file is larger in size owing to its storage of data as well as formattinginstructions to show
how the data looks. So, you should not assume that a file is large because it is large in size.
Apart from that, files are usually organised using folders. Folders act as the delimiting points to store
multiple files. Another thing! You can never store two files of the same name in the same folder. You, Of
course, may store two files with the same name in different folders.
File names have two parts. File names usually have an extension. The extension of the file denotes what
application the file can open under. For example : abc.docx is a file with name abc and .docx implies
it is a file which opens in MS-Word2007 or later. Def.txt is a file with name def and opens in Notepad
application.
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SESSION 6 KEYBOARD AND MOUSE OPERATIONS
Typically, a computer contains only two input devices. The mouse and keyboard. So, in such a computer,
all the inputs into the system are made using mouse and keyboard.
If you open a word processor, all the text into it, are made using keyboard only. In banking websites, if
you are wary that keyloggers are installed in a system, a virtual keyboard is provided. Using a virtual
keyboard becomes a mouse thing.
Mouse is often used in data entry because a mouse can fine tune your data entry. For example, if you have
entered:Ramesh is a good boy.
You now want to change that to: Ram is a fine boy.
A mouse will be helpful in making this edit. Wherever you bring the mouse and click on, the insertion
pointer (the blinking data entry starting point) will be present there. So, mouse does come in handy even in
an application like MS-Word. The last mouse edit method, of course works for Notepad and WordPad too.
It is helpful to highlight text using keyboard. Here are some individual keys that are commonly used while
we do typing in Word.
Enter: Marked with the word Enten You use this key to end a paragraph of text.
Esc: The Escape key doesn't exactly do anythingin Word.However,pressingthe Esc key in a dialog box
is the same as clicking Cancel button with the mouse.
Spacebar: The only key with no symbol. It inserts spaces between the words.
Tab: Inserts the tab character,which shows the next text you type over to the next tab stop.
In the days of primitive OS-s, mouse was not even invented. So, everything had to be done using keyboard
only. Such interfaces can be pulled up even now, typically in Linux terminals. Users of Linux OS, are
usually technical and find it somewhat easier to deal with the CLI (Command Line Interface) than the
GUI-mouse combination.
In GUI OS-s, right-clicking usually opens up a menu that has many commands as options. This menu (on
right-clicking)is also known as a shortcutmenu. You can click on any icon using the left-click of mouse.
Double-clickingon any icon attempts to open the file/folder/application.

SESSION 7 COMMON DESKTOP OPERATIONS

The screen that the computer opens up with when it completely boots up and login ID has been
authenticated(if there is a password set) is known as the Desktop.The Desktop of a Windows7 computer
may look like this.
Desktop

Icons

Taskbar
Start
Button

FIG. 3.3: WINDOWSDESKTOPWITII LABELLING

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These are some common desktop operations.
1. Change wallpaper —To change wallpaper, you must:
(i) Right click on an empty area of Desktop
(ii) Click on Personalise from shortcut menu.
(iii) Click on Desktop Backgroundto set wallpaper.
2. Take action on icons —To take action on icons, do the following:
(i) Take the mouse pointer on top of the icon and right-click. This opens up a shortcut menu using
which a set of actions like Open, Rename, Copy, Cut, Send To and Properties actions can be
taken.
(ii) Take the mouse pointer on top of the icon and left-click once. This will select the icon. If you
press Ctrl key, you may select multiple icons this way.
(iii) Take the mouse pointer on top of the icon and double-click it. This will attempt to open the
file/folder application.

SUMMARY
Operating system acts as the interface between the user and the computer hardware.
The Graphical User Interface allows users to have direct control of visible objects and actions that
replace command syntax.
Files are used to store informationof a computer system.
The extensionof the file denotes what applicationthe file can open under.
Keyboard and mouse are two necessary input devices of the computer.

SELF ASSESSMENT
A. Multiple choice questions.
1. Process creation and process termination in computer system is done by:
(a) MS-Word (b) OS (c) Notepad
2. Android is an OS used for:
(a) Mobile phones (b) Supercomputers (c) Desktop computers
3. You can never store two files of the same name in the same:
(a) Shortcut (b) Computer (c) Folder
B. Answer the following questions.
1. Give the steps by which you switch ON a computer.
2. What is the use of folders in the computer system?

C, Practical work,
Compare the times it takes to do a certain set of tasks with and without mouse.
1. Open a notepad file and enter a single line in it.
2. Open a MSWord file and enter a single line in it.
3. Open the shortcut menu and change the wallpaper,

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 3.5 CONNECT WITH THE WORLD USING INTERNET
AND ITS APPLICATIONS
SESSION 1 INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET
The Internet is a collection of interconnected computer networks from around the world that provides a
wealth of information on nearly any topic you can imagine. The World Wide Web (WWW), often simply
called the Web, is a subsystem of the Internet.
The Internet itself is just cables, wires and specialised computers, but its value lies in the vast amounts of
information it contains. At the physical level, the structure of the Internet is one that is often described as
a networkof networks.

SESSION 2 APPLICATIONS OF INTERNET

The Internet forms a large part of the ICT that is there. Withoutthe Internet, computers would only work
without any possible collaboration. We have already talked about various possible uses of the Internet in
an earlier topic. However, there are lot of other uses of the Internet that are specialized and most people
will not need such help.
Some of the applications of Internet are:
1. Internet is a place where businesseshouse themselves.Most companiesthese days have online presence
and going online opens up the companyfor 24 x 7 use and reach from any geographicalplace.
2. Almost any information can be found on the Internet. So, it helps students, researchers, housewives,
class teachers, professors in their daily life.
3. You can buy and sell goods over the Intemet. Flipkart, Amazon, OLX are some such sites where
buying and selling of goods is actually possible.
4. Internet allows you to make friends. It of course comes with the warning that someone might exploit
or use you, but many people meet up online and marry.
5. Internet in office spaces allows you to have meetings and conferences over the Internet.
6. Internet can entertain you. You can play any video on the Internet using sites like Youtube.
SESSION 3 INTERNET BROWSER
Internet browser or Internet Application software or
browser is an important software for connection to
the Internet. The interface of most browsers is simple
enough. You type in the address of the web page
(known also as URL) into the address bar. Pressing
the Go button or just Enter from keyboard sets the Opera browser —Do more on the web
backend of the browser app in motion. In a good out
free faster.
speed Internet, the browser page is loaded onto the
browser soon. In slow connections, loading of the
Internet page might take more than a few seconds.
There are different brands of browsers. Some of the
browsers are Internet Explorer, Edge, Opera, Google
Chrome (by Google), Mozilla Firefox and Netscape
FIG. 3.4: OPERABROWSER
Navigator.

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These are the common propertiesof the browsers.
1. History feature to access what web pages have been visited in the past.
2. Bookmark pages to access some specific pages later easily
3. Stop, Refresh buttons to stop loading and revisit a web page.
4. Settings feature to tweak around with various properties of browser.
5. Check the code of the web page in HTML. (This is achieved by right-clickingon the web page and
choosing the correct option.)

SESSION 4 WEBSITES AND WEB PAGES

A website is the parent web page or the name given to the collectiveweb pages by which the collection
is known. Examples of website would be google-com, msn.com, amazon.com, flipkart.com, etc.
A web page is a page on the Internet which contains the informationin the form of text, graphics or
sounds. A web page can be accessedthrough a web browser on the Internet These pages form the building
blocksof a website.
SESSION 5 EMAIL APPLICATIONS
Email stands for electronic mail. Earlier, before the computer age, letters used to be sent to each other and
people would wait for days to have letters handed over to them. Now, it is possible to drop email right
into a person's inbox available online or on the computen Some email applications are Microsoft Outlook,
Eudora and Mozilla Thunderbird.

SESSION 6 EMAIL ACCOUNTS

If the email inbox is part of an online web page, the case is of an email account. These are usually
protected by using a login ID and password. These passwords are supposed to be kept a secret and
only to yourself. Some companies providing email accounts for users are: Microsoft, Google, Hotmail
and Yahoo.
The place where the mail keeps itself is known as the inbox. You can receive emails and also send emails.
To send emails you need the email ID of the entity that you are sending the email to. After usage of the
email account, you are supposed to log out (or sign out) of the email account.

SESSION 7 SENDING AND RECEIVING EMAIL

The inbox of the email account is where you receive the email. You can send email from the account. The
steps to send email are:
1. Open a new message
2. Fill the details of the email like receiver ID, other recipients, contents, files to attach with, etc.
3. Click on send or an appropriatebutton.
If you add email IDs within Cc, every normal and Cc recipient can know each other's IDs. If you add
email JDs within Bcc, the IDs within the Bcc will be withheld.

SESSION 8 INTRODUCTIONTO SOCIAL MEDIA

Social media are computer-mediatedtechnologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information,
ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.

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SESSION 9 BLOG
These are short form of web logs. These are web pages
where a person expresses his views, opinions,
career advice or various content for sharing with other people. In
response to a blog post, some user may
post a comment. This way, one blog post may lead to multiple
responses and a chain of comments and
replies is usually formed.

SESSION 10 TWITTER
Twitter is an online news and social networking service on which users post and interact with messages known
as "tweets". Tweets were originally restricted to 140 characters,but on Nov 7, 2017, this limit was doubled for
all languages except Japanese, Korean and Chinese.
Twitter was created in March 2006 by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and
Evan Williams and launched in July of that year. Twitter has become internationally
identifiable by its signature bird logo, or the Twitter bird.

SESSION 11 FACEBOOK
FIG. 3.5: TWITTER LOGO
This is a social networking website developed by Harvard students Mark Zuckerberg, Eduardo Saverin, Chris
Hughes, Dustin Moskovitz and Andrew McCollum. It is a social networking website. People can add each
other as "friends", "unfriend", form groups, post updates, comment on update posts, reply to comments, use
applications to share interesting pictures and videos, etc.
The Facebook website has made its founders billionaires at a young age. Facebook has more than 2.2
billion monthly active users as of January 2018. Its popularity has led to prominent media coverage for the
company, including significant scrutiny over privacy and the psychological effects it has on users.

SESSION 12 YOUTUBE
Youtube is an online video sharing service which has now been acquired by Google. You can search
for videos on Youtube, and virtually every important video or song video can be found on YouTube.
You can create user ID and password to upload videos onto the website. These videos can be seen by
others.
You need to subscribe to some channels to have access to such videos. YouTube allows users to upload,
view, rate, share, add to favorites, report, comment on videos, and subscribe to other users. It offers a
wide variety of user-generated and corporate media videos. YouTubeearns advertising revenue from Google
AdSense, a program which targets ads according to site content and audience.

SESSION 13 WHATSAPP
WhatsApp messenger is a freeware and cross-platformmessaging service. The application allows the sending
of text messages and voice calls, as well as video calls, images and other media, documents and user
location. The application runs from a mobile device though it is also accessible from desktop computers:
the service uses standard cellular mobile numbers.
The app was created by WhatsApp Inc., based in Mountain View, California, which was acquired by
Facebook in February 2014 for approximately US $ 19.3 billion.

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SESSION 14 DIGITAL INDIA
Just as computer technologyis advancing,so is its footprint in India. Many of the websites from India
are global players in the Internet market. Websites like Flipkart, Paytm, Snapdeal (now acquired) have
made a lot of money. Almost all of India's services are now available online also. You can pay your
bills, watch cricket matches, watch movie clips, watch song videos, check your marks, attend online
tutorials, attend online exams and thus a lot of labour that Indians had to do in the form of waiting in
queues is now solved. The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi stresses that India must move towards
more digitisation. PAN cards, Aadhaar cards and linking of Aadhaar cards to bank accounts, mobile
numbers and PAN cards is being mandatedby the government.

SUMMARY
The World Wide Web (WWW), often simply called the Web, is a subsystem of the Internet.
Without the Internet, computers would only work without any possible collaboration.
Internet allows you to make friends.
Internet browser is an important software for connection to the Internet.
A website is the parent web page or the name given to the collective web pages by which the
collection is known as.
A web page is a page on the Internetwhich contains the information in the form of text, graphics
or sounds.
Social media are computer-mediatedtechnologiesthat facilitate the creation and sharing of information,
ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.
Blog is the short form for web log.
Twitter is an online news and social networking service on which users post and interact with
messages known as "tweets".
YouTubeis an online video sharing service which has now been acquired by Google.
WhatsApp messenger is a freeware and cross-platform messaging service.

SELF ASSESSMENT
A. Multiple choice questions.
1. What does WWW stand for?
(a) World War Weapons (b) World Wide Web (c) Whole World War
2. What is the place where you type in the web page address on the browser?
(a) Address car (b) Address bar (c) Address tar
3. How many characters were tweets restricted to early on?
(a) 120 (b) 140 (c) 170
B. Answer the following questions.
1. What are some companies that allow email accounts to be had online?
2. What is the difference between Cc and Bcc in emails that are sent?
C. Practical work.
What problem does a website like Facebook try to solve? Is it getting solved? What are the alternatives to the use Of
Facebook and Whatsapp?
A. Multiple choice questions.
EXERCISES
I. Speed and accuracy of computer have made it possible for computers to be used at:
(a) Homes (b) Offices (c) Both (a) and (b)
2. A lot of the load of the postal system in India is being borne now by the:
(a) Dogs (b) Parrots (c) Email system
3. What was mobile primarily used for?
(a) Watching Youtube videos (b) Connecting to Internet (c) Make and receive calls
4. Google Hangouts and WhatsApp are
(a) Messaging services (b) Video services (c) Email services
5. RAM is a part of:
(a) Primary memory (b) Secondary memory (c) Human memory
6. What is the name given to the parts of computer that can be touched and felt?
(a) Software (b) Hardware (c) Middleware
7. Are output devices part of hardware or software?
(a) Hardware (b) Software (c) Both (a) and (b)
8. What kind of entity is an operating system?
(a) Hardware (b) Software (c) Both (a) and (b)
9. What device allows you to collect the hard copy from?
(a) Printer (b) Scanner (c) Joystick
10. Using which device is it possible to draw figures on the screen?
(a) Light pen (b) Microphone (c) Plotters
B. Short answer questions (l).
1. Give any four reasons for using ICT in daily life.
2. Describe what kind of machine a tab is.
3. What is the difference between hardware and software, in terms of physical existence?
4. Describe what a printer is.
5. What kind of OS is a multiprocessing OS?
6. In MS-Word, with what key do you end the line?
C. Short answer questions (Il).
1. What is the browser used on the computer for?
2. Give any three common properties of the browsers.
3. What is twitter used for?
4. Which company had acquired WhatsApp and for how much?
5. What are some signs that show that Internet is gaining a foothold in India too?
D. Long answer questions.
1. Describe the features of Facebook. What is its purpose?
2. Describe email services.
3. What is YouTube all about?
4. Describe the subsystems of the computer.
E. Practical work.
1. Log onto your Gmail inbox. Authenticate with your password. To check the services Google provides for you, go to
the top right corner and click on the dotted area. It opens up with services, like Google Plus, Google Drive, Google
Photos, Gmail and some more such services.
2. Open your Google account. Try to check your contacts in the chat list that Gmail provides. You can chat with them
and even send them files.

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