Role andimportance of tCT

ICT is used in our persornal, professional and daity ife. Let us stuoy about
ICT at Mome
fwe look around us, technology is imotved in our daity chores Appilying for a passport. goirg on vacato eckrg
for weather conditions for packáng. looking for the best Idiarn platter for dinner-al! these can te acthee
technology.
Gmpacts of iCT in our personal lives are: 2
Education: Conventionally, education was iirmited to the one-to-one teaching methodoiogy of studerts ad teacte
in a classroom. ow, with ICT, the cdassrooms have no geographical boundanies Mou can enro in a course fro
New York University, whise sitting in your study room in New Delhi Most universities hhave started oime dege
programs to reach a vast audience.
Healthcare:(iCT has played an important role in the field of heathcare The Governmert restes zwareness rg
prevention methods for upcoming and ongoing diseases. Hospitals use electronic mediuns to martan the medca
records of their patients.(Computer based machines are used for diagnosis purposes in the radioiogy departene
A is now so widety employed that we frequenthy see robots operating on patierts
Socialising: There were times when we used to maintain birthday calendars for our friends and far Tbring
this new way in the form of rerninderswhich help you to send your greetings. You can get connected to your scho
or college friends through differet websites, which are prinarily made for socialising)
Source of information: in older days, the oniy source of information was books or our eiders adays even ate
a consultation with a medical expert, we always tend to verify and gain more information on the medicaton and the
diagnosis. It's a source of information in every field
Shopping: Our shopping habits have changed because of the online mediumnstead of going to market. we can
receive everything at our doorstep with online shopping. It not onty saves our efort of going out bt also provides
us with options of reasonable prices.)
Communication ICT helps us to communicate with our friends and relatives. There are an increasing umber a
options to communicate with people virtually. For example, through emails, video conferencing. video cals ett
Entertainmet: TiHnow, television was the only way of home entertainment. The trend has changed tremendous
(NOwadays,there's a parallel entertainment industry that producing entertainment programs for online medums
There are series and movies that are launched online only
ICT at the Workplace
With the incusion of technology in our daily lives, our workplace is no longer our office. With the use of technolog. o
will see many people have started the concept of *Work from Home". ICT in our professions can be used in many was
" Maintenance of Records:There are software tools that are designed specificaly to maintain empioyees' recors
These tools have the capacity to maintain intra-office records like employee's leaves, insurance, taxes, etc
" E-Commerce(With the prevalence ofe-commerce, businesses have a new channel for sales and servces) ha
changed the way our society spends moneyBuying and selling products has become very comvenient.
" Handing of Accounts:There are various tóols available that facilitate the accounting jobs that are required to
business and personal purposes)Youdon't need a professional background to make a balance sheet or profit an
Loss accounts. An individual can do it on his own with the help of accounting toois easity available.
E-Banking:\Banking transactions do not always require going to the bank. Banks are now available in an O
mode)So much so that new accounts can also be created in an oniine mode. The movement of money in an o
mode is always a catalyst for the developing economy of a country.

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ICT at Various Other Sectors
You can visit the following sites and know about the ICT activities which are being carried out in various sectors
Sector ICT Used for Website
Agricuiture Various activitiesrelated to research, development https://asci-india com/
and training in agriculture and allied fields
Retail Training programmes in the retail sector http //rasci in/
Beauty and WellnessTraining
sector
programmes in beauty and wellness http://wwwtwssc.in/
Bankingand Finance Training programmes in banking,financial services http.//bfsissc.com/
and insurance sector
Apparel Training programmes in Apparel sector http://sscanh.com/indextHorne php
Logistics Training programmes in Logistics sector http://Isc-india.com/
Health Care Training programmes in Health care sector http://www.healthcare ssc in
ICT TOois
Smartphones and tablets are essentlal ICT tools that have become increasingly popular in various aspects of life,
including education, communication, and entertainment. These devices have become indispensable for collaboration,
and without them, many individuals find it challenging to engage in cooperative work. The widespread use of social
media platforms on the Internet has facilitated the rapid dissemination of ldeas and news globally. Now, arnyone with
Internet access can allow user to share their perspectives on various topics, ensuring that their thoughts or information
reach a broader audience.

Smartphones smauphones
Smartphones are considered important ICT tools due to their multifunctionalty
and portability. It enables users to seamlessly integrate work, communication, and
entertainment, which enhances accessibility and connectivity.)
Smartphones are also called mobile phones, as you can use them anywhere-at home,
in the office or on the road. They do not need a telephone line. They use wireless
(mobile) networks to make calls and to connect to the Internet. Some of the popular
operating systemns for smartphones are Android Os, Apple iOs, and Windows Moblle.
(oifferent things that can be done with Smartphones are:)
They are used to make and receive voice calls and video calls.
You can access the Internet, enabling users to browse websites, access information, and stay connected online
services.
" it serves as a portable email device, allowing users to send, receive, and manage emails on the go.
The phone camera provides video recording, enabling users to capture photos, record videos,
t supports avariety of applications, such as mobile offices with document editing, note-taking, and task management
tools.
"with built-in GPS technology, smartphones offer navigation services, helping users find directions, locate places of
interest, and plan routes.
" It hetps in accessing social media platforms, facilitating social inte raction, content sharing. and staying connected
with friends, family, and others.
services, and e-books.
H provides a platform for various forms of entertainment, including games, streaming

1ET Skills -! 73
" itpayrnents,
supports and
mobile banking appications and secure transaction services, allowing users to manage finances
conduct transactions from their devices.
Many smartphones come with health and fitness applications, including stcp counters, calorie trackers. and
rate monitors, contributing to users' well-being and fitness goais.
It offers educational applications, e-books, and onlirne courses, providing a portable and accessible platforma
learning and skilldevelopment.
Tablets
/Atabiet is a minicomputer with input, outpUt, and processing functions that are all 100
combined into one device, which can be operated via 'touchscreen)You can perform
various tasks just by touching the screen. It is bigger than a smartphone and performs
all the functions that can be done on a computer or asnartphone.
Difference between a smartphone and a tablet are:
Factors Smartphone Tablet
Main Usage Used as a phone with Internet access, Used as a wireless portable PC with atouchscreen
email, social networking. Some tablets use Android OS, others use Apple ios
or Windows OS.
Screen size Smaller Bigger than Smartphone
Photos and Videos Watching a movie or making changes to Watching videos and making changes to a photo is
a picture is difficult better andeasier due to bigger screen size
Battery Life Shorter Longer than smartphones
Storage Comes with different storage capacities. Usually have higher storage capacity, i.e., they can
Phones with higher storage are costly. store more iages, videos, and apps
TV and Radio
Smart TV
Vand radio have been used as an ICT tool for both entertainment and to learn
new things. Radio is used to broadcast audio that irncludes news, songs, stories,
speeches, cricket commentary, etc., while TV is used to broadcast audio-visual
content to a wide audience)it is a powerful communication tool used for watching
movies, news, weather forecast, songs, cartoons and educational lectures etc.
Applications or Apps 3
(Mobile applications, commonly referred to as "apps," are software applications designed to run on mobile devices
such as smartphones and tablets))These apps are developed for specific operating systems ike i0S (Apple), Android
(Google), or sometimes both. Some of the apps are already present on the phone or tablet. These are caiied "default"
apps. Besides,there are hundreds of other apps that can be purchased and downloaded or downloaded free of cost
from onine stores like Google Play Store, for Androd and Apple App Store, for i0S.
Someof the defautt apps installed on all smartphones are
Application Functionatity
It stores contact details (name, phone number, etc.) of the people
Phone whose detaiis you want to save in your phone. It also helps you to
make calls ànd see recent calls details

Calendar Shows dcalendar and youcan also add appointents, rem1nders, etc.

Trackpad tntormation lerhnciogY {Ver 1.0)-x

 Application Functionality

Camera It allows users to capture photos and videos.

Mail
It helps to send and receive e-mails using your e-mailaccount in Gmail,
Yahoo, Outlook, etc.

Photos It store all your photos and video and arrange them into albums.

Map
This app helps you find directions to where you want to go. It uses GPS
(Global Positioning System)

It provides users wvith the current time, date, with additional

Clock features
such as alarms, timers, and world clocks.

Messages This is for sending and receiving SMS messages.

Web Browser This allows youto open a browser to search and visit
different wvebsites.

Music This allows you to play and listen to songs and

music.

Google Play Store This is the Google store from where you
can get apps like Facebook,
WhatsApp, etc. Some apps are free while some are paid
ones.

Apple Store Apple devices have an Apple store vwhere, you can
various apps.
download and use

MOBILE DEVICE LAYOUT

Some of the basic controls
available on the Mobile Screen
Power button: It is used to start Layout are:
and shut down a mobile
Touchscreen: Can be customised with different device.
Back button: Helps apps and helps us perform functions with a touch of a finger.
you, go
Microphone: This is present atback
the
to the previious screen in an
application.
bottom of the mobile, and we speak into
Menu button: the microphone when we talk to someone.
This is used to show the
devices. options available in a particular app. This may not be
present in atl mobile
 Camera: It allows users to capture photos and videos.
" Home button: This brings youback to the Home Screen from wherever youare on your mobile.
Earpiece: This helps you to listen to voice calls.
Volume button: This helps you to increase or reduce the volume of an audio in your mobile.
Earpiece Camera

10:O8.
Thinking ahou nc -Volume butons

Touchscreen
Power button

Back button Menu button

Home button

Microphone
Basic Controls of a Mobile

sic Features of a Mobile Device

he of the basic features present in all mobile devices
are:
Feature
Functionality
This is a short-range wireless technology which
Bluetooth you
helps
connect with other devices that are within 30 feet of
where you are.
Chargeable Battery It is avisual indicator that provides
information about the
current battery level and charging status.
Wi-Fi It enables mobile devices to
connect to the Internet and
local networks, without the need for
physical cable.
It provides an interactive
Touchscreen display that allows users to
control the device by directly touching
their fingers or a stylus. the screen with

Camera It allows users to capture photos and videos.

Clock It provides users with the

current time, date, and additional
features such as alarms, timers, and
world clocks.

Cellular network connectivity It establishes and

maintains a connection with a cellular
network, allowing users to access voice and
data services.

Global Positioning System GPS in mobile devices is used for

their movements.
navigation and tracking

76 Trackpad fnformation Technology (Ver. 1.0)-IX

 Home Screen of a Mobile Device
Thehome screen is the first
(start) screen of a mobile devíce.
6 status Bar: It is the top
part of the screen that displays There are three main parts of the home Ieer
connectivity, 4G/5G status, etc? icons like network signals, battery
. App lcons and lite, WLFi, lsetoh
Shortcuts(The
These icons serve as shortcuts central part of the screen is the main part with
allowing users to launch their favourite different App icons and
pages depending on the number of apps used. apps with asimple tap. There car shortets)
(6 Dock: It is the lower part of be sevet
the screen that contains apps
screen. )

BasicGestures usedwith the Touch Screen

that are always visible, even if you

of a Mobile
change the page of the SOC
Gestures are movementsmade with the finger to interact with
open an App, you tap on thetouchscreen, the touchscreen of
Some of these commonly used gestures' your mobile device, For xnple, to
are as follows: that can be used on the touchscreen
Tap: It is a quick touch or press on the
Tap and hold: This issimilar to
screen that helps in selecting an item, opening
an
finger on the screen.
right-clicking your mouse, where you tap and hold your app, or activating a irnk.
" Drag: To tap, hold, and move your finger
across the screen.
Swipe: Slide your finger to the right, left, up, or down
action of turning a page. on the screen, mimicking the
Double tap: To tap twice quickly. This will zoom out (increase
For example, to make aword appear bigger. the size of) of something,
Pinch: Put your thumb, and finger together on the screen
and bring it closer to zoom in
(reduce the size). For example, to make a picture appear smaller.
Componentsof ICT
There are six components of ICT:)

Data People

Procedures Components
of iCT

Hardware

" Data: It is an individual unit that contains raw material given as input in iCT system. This data is interpreted to
generate an information/processed data. For example, student marks of all subjects are entered into a systern.
Procedures: These are methods used to pass data and information to peope invotved in ICT system. For example,
using code designed in any specific computer languageto generate a report card.
Information: It is the processed dataor output/resut generated in the ICT system. For exampie, generating a report
card of marks entered as data.
People:(People invotved in giving input and generating output using the procedures. They use the generated
information for the specific purpose) For example, marks entered by the teacher, report generated by staff of
computer department in aschool.
T7
 Software: These are programs and applications used in icT systems. These are available both front-ends
back-end tools. For example, Word, Excel, and Visual Basic.
Hardvware: AJl physical cormponents of the ICT system which we can touch and feel are called hardware. For example,
Input Devices (Mouse and Keyboard), Output Devices (Monitor and Printer), Processing Device (Central Processing
Unit) and Storage Devices (Hard Disk).

WHAT IS ACOMPUTER?
Cer comtjohn F. Kenned
"Man is still the most extraordinary computer of alI. "
processes it in adesired way and generat
(A computer is an electronic device that takes an input from theuser,
output in a specific format.)This processed data can also be stored in a storage device for future use. Computer as a
major components are Hardware and Software.
term is not a single unit. It is combination of two
(Software: A set of instructions that we give to a computer to
get the work done is called software. Let us tate
install on i .
example of our mobile phone. The mobile that we
buy is hardware and the applications that we
softwareSoftware can be categorised in two types: t rok
System Software:ßoftware that is required to control
the functions of a computer is called system software
computer.)Without system software, we cannot use a
computer So
to a program that works as a mnanager of the
of thelexamples of system software are:)
Operating System), Mobile Os, Mac OS, etc)
Operating systems like Windows, DOS (Disk
managers, etc.)
Basic system utilities like disk formatters, file specific kind of work is calies
designed for a user and is made to do a
Application Software: Software that is
application software. Some of the examples
of application software are:
editing and printing documents.
Microsoft Word and Open Office Writer, used for designing,
Spreadsheet is used for creating data in a tabular form, so that
data calculation, analysis and graphical representation
Thu(omemnb t h a c a n ot adtoc
can be done easily. Handsas

Basic Operations ofa Computer shardua fan Cae ontn Ksyed

are input, processing, output, and storage.Let us disçus these in
7The computer performs four basic operations that
detail.
Input (Raw Data)
numbers, graphs, etc. provided to the computer using
Input is the collection of raw facts or figures in the form of text, unprocessed data.
input devices like a keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc. It is
also called raw data or

Processing
information. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) of the
Processing is a method to convert raw data into meaningful
computer is responsible for the processing of data.
Output (Information)
It is also called
Qutput is the processed data. it is obtained after the manipulation and processing of input (raw data).
meaningful data or Information. The computer displays the output to the user through output devices like monitors,
printers, speakers, etc.
Storage
Storage is the process of storing either raw data or processed information. The data can be stored either usin
secondary storage devices fike flash drive, hard disk, compact disc, or online storage medium ike Google DrY
OneDrive, etc.

78
Trackpad fnformation Technology (Ver. 1.01-1X
 input-Process-Output Cycle
computing work revoBves around three interrelated parts i.e., input, process, and output.
. An input is accepted by the user through the input devices.
. t isthen processed by CPUarnd sent to the user as an output using output devices.
There can be a need to store the output for later use in the storage devices.
Sometimes the result generated actsas an input for the next stage of data flow.
This flowof information follows a cycle which is known as the input-Processing-Output Cycle.
Data Information
Input: ProcesSing output

storage
Characteristics of a Computer
Following are some of the important characteristics of a computer:
(" Speed: Acomputer can process data at a speed of millions of instructions per second. It is faster than human beings
in doing complex tasks which can otherwise take a few days to process manually)t uses its internal clock to measure
the processing speed for completing the job. The unit of computer speed is Hertz, which equals one cycle per
second.

(" Accuracy: The information provided by the computer is very accurate. Sometimes we may feel that we are not getting
the desired result or maybe the output generated is not accurate. When we give the wrong input to the computer,
the system malfunctions or gives the wrong output)t works on the principle of GIGO (garbage in, garbage out).
Reliability: information received using a computer is highly reliable. During an online flight reservation, seat
allocated to one person cannot be reallocated to another, at any cost) So, we can totally depend on the availability
of information of seats during online booking, or the availability of stock during online shopping.
(" Storage: Large volumnes of data can be easily stored in a small space. Data can be preserved for a long time with the
least possibility of datatampering or data loss.JThere is no need to maintain a huge volume of manual registersand
separate store room allocation to it.

(" Versatile: Computer doesn't mean a laptop or a personalcomputer. It can be asmartphone, tablet, online booking
counter machine, ATM machine, X-ray machine in hospitals, and GPS system in our cars)it is available in a variety of
forms. So, we can say that it is highly versatile and has been designed to do any kind of job.

IKNOlW
Tick () if youknow this.
º Process is a method to convert raw data into meaningful information,

Storage is the processof storing either rawdata or processed information.

91 Na wnd xhea n chnanatwtio

INPUT DEVICES
(The devices which heip to give data or instructions to the computer are called input devices. The most commonly used
are keytboard and mouseNet us learn about some of the input devices.

ICT Skills-! 79
Keyboard
A keyboard is probably the mosty used input device which can be either
wired or wireless. It is used to accept textual data from the user. It is
impossible to imagine a computer without one. A typical keyboard has a A
typing area that includes the letters of the alphabet, numbers, punctuation Keyboard
marks, and other basic kevs similar to those of a typewriter.
f
t
Mouse
A mOuse is another input device which is also known as a Pointing
Device. As vOu
mouse,the pointer on the screen moves. Atypical mouse has two buttons and a whel i
either wired or wireless.
he
Mouse

Scanner
ascanner is a device used to read the hand written notes, images, photos, and transfer it
in a digital form onto the computer where it can later be saved or manipulated as per the
requirement.
Scanner
Light Pen
(Alight pen is a pointing device shaped like a pen and is connected to a VDU. The tip of the liehe
pen contains a light-sensitive elemnent which, when placed against the screen, detects the light
from the screen enabling the computer to identify the location of the peon the screen. We
Light Pen generally use it to make a selection or draw anything on a screen.
Touchscreen
Touchscreen is the latest in the input devices where the input can be taken from the user
through the touch of a finger, stylus, or light pen on adisplay screen. We can give the
entire set of commands by touching. Nowadays, most laptops, smart TVs, smartphones,
tablets, etc. also have touch screens where the use of the keyboard is minimised. It is a
very useful and convenient alternative to a mouse or a keyboard in a graphical user
interface. Touchscreen

Microphone
(Microphone is a device that converts the sound received, into a digital audio form which can be
Microphone
easily stored or manipulated in a
computer:)
Barcode Reader
(Abar code isa set of parallel lines that appear on the products as their identificatior). You
will find most of the packages have these barcodes that can be easily read by
barcode
readersBar code readers work by placing a beam of light on the lines that make up the
bar code and detecting the amount of light that is reflected back.
The barcode read is
then stored in the computer for preparing invoices,) Barcode Reader

MICR
(The bank account number andother details are
printed onto bank cheques which are read y
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition using aspecial
MICR whether the cheque is genuine or fake. magnetic ink. They are useful to TInd
)
80
Trackpad Information Technology (Ver.
1.0)-Ix
 Web Camera

Aweb camera or webcam, is a type of video camera that saves inages or visuals in real time into
acomputer via US8, Ethernet or W-F. A wetb camera is usedto create vicdeo inks and helps s to
set up authentic video conference stations Some butlt-in webcams can be remotely actvated trom
far-off locations. Webcamscan also be used for security and sunveitance purposes by monitoring
the captured visuaBs.

Wet C a r a
PROCESSING DEVICECENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
After taking the input from the input devices, the information is sent for processing The computer uses s brain to
process the information.The computer's brain is called the CPU or Central Processing Unit CPU is bascally divided nto
three parts) t

ALU stands for Arithmetic Logic Unit t is responsible for al arthmetical and logcal
calculations.
cU stands for Control Unit. It controBs the flow of information in the sstem The contral
unit is responsible for the flow of data from input devices to the processng unt and ten
to the output devices. It works like a traffic policeman who controls the traffic on the rod
MU stands for Memory Unit It is a storage unit that holds the processed or unprocessed
CPUChip data.

OUTPUT DEVICES nat aneuthu deis Nema

(An output device is a physical component that coverts the processed data or information into a human resdabie fomat
Some of the commonly used output devices are:
Monitor (Visual Display Unit)
(A monitor is astandard output device that is similar toa television screen. t is atso known
as Visual Display Unit (VDU) or console)An input from any input device such as a keyboard
can be seen on the screen simutaneously. There are different types of monitors available
in the market depending on the size and colour. Monitor
These days the nost widely used monitors in computers, tablets, smartphones, Smart TN, etc are LcD quid Crystal
Display). its screen is made up of smaller elernents called piels Resotution of any display unit is the number of
horizontal and verticalpixels. A higher resolution provides a smoother, sharper, and cdearer image.
Printer
(A printer is an output device that is used to get the output on a physical medium like papeThe output on the screen
is called a soft copy, whereas the output from the printer is called a hard cop it can be used to print both text and
graphics. The two most common types of printers used these days are inkjet and laser printers
Inkjet Printer
Inkjet printers are atso called photo printers. They are used to print baoth n coloured
Ýr black & white format for home or smalt business purposes he speed of an
inkjet printer is measured by the number of Pages Per Minute (PPM) ostyinkjet
printers print 12 to 36 pages per minute.
inkjet Printer

CT SKis&
 Laser Printer
A laser printer works just like a photocopy machine that prints the output at high-speed
and good quality/t creates images using a laser beam and powdered ink called toner. It
is more expensive than inkjet printers andcan be used for home or business purposes.)
Laser Printer

Piotter
(Aplotter is an output device similar to a printer but used to print vector graphics
ke architectural designs, maps, computer-aided drawings etc. by ploting lines
using a pen.)A printer uses the technology of joining ciosely spaced series of
small dots to print, whereas a plotter draws using a pen. Multicolour plotters use
different-coloured pens to draw in different colours.
Plotter

Speakers
(Speakers are an output device that produce sound waves in the form of an output
which can be heard by a listener) Speakers can be attached to a computer or to
any other system ike smartphonés, tablets, Smart TVs, etc. to enhance the volume
and the quality of audio output. The different kinds of speakers range from simple,
two-speaker output devices to surround-sound multi-channel units. Speakers

Projector
aprojector is a display device that projects a computer screen onto a flat surface,
like a whiteboard or wall) It is most commonly used in home theaters or in
organisations for official presentations.
Projector

COMPUTER MEMORY
Computer memory holds raw data before it goes for processing and after processing it contains information which can
either be sent to output devices or stored in secondary storage devices for future use. There are two types of memory
in the computer--primary memory and secondary memory.)
Primary Memory
This type of memory is necessary for a computer to work. It is also called the Internal Memory. This is the actual place
where the data is stored before it is taken to ALU for processingyfrimary memory is of two types: RAM and ROM)
RAM (Random Access Memory)
(it is temporary in nature The computer holds information in this memory and gets it
when needed. It remembers what you tell them and can even change to remember
new information.It is volatile in nature, which means that data will be erased when
the computer is turned off) That's why youalways save your work! RAM is considered
"random access" because any part of it can be accessed randomiy for reading or writing Random Access Memory
of the data.

82 Trackpad Information Technology (Ver. 1.0)-IX

 ROM (Read Only Memory)
ROtE PAC (it is permanent in nature)1t is non-volatie which means its contents remain even after the
computer is turned oft.The information is coded at the time of manufacturing the computer.
The computer needs this information for its basic functions.
Read Onhy Memory
Secondary Memnory
Cocondary Memory provides extra storage where the data can be stored permanently for later use. It is also known
s externalmemory as it can be stored anywhere. Examples of secondary memory are compact disc, hard disk, flash
91G900C
drive, etc.
Hard Disk
A Hard Disk stores and provides quick access to large amounts of data on an
electromagneticaly charged surface or set of surfaces. Hard disks are generally fitted
inside the system unit. However, there are also external hard disks also available. A hard
disk is made-up of a collection of disks called platters stacked on a cylindrical rod. Each of
which, like phonograph records, has data recorded electromagnetically in concentric circles
or "tracks" on the disk. The capacity of a hard disk varies from a few Gigabytes to a few Hard Disk
hundred Terabytes.
CD
Acompact disc is a small, portable,round disc made of molded polymer used for recording.
storing, and playing back audio, video, text, and other information in the digital form. It
was originally developed to store sound recordings exclusively, but later it also allowed the
preservation of other types of data. It stores data of low capacity upto 700 MB.
CD
DVD
Digital Versatile Disc is used for storing digital data using optical rays. It is the same size as a
CD, but has a larger storage capacity. They are commonly used to store large volumes of data
including audio and video files. It stores data upto 10 GB.
DVD
Blu-ray Disc
Blu-ray Disc is of the same dimension as that of CD or DVD and uses the same optical rays
technology for recording and playing back high-definition (HD) video and for storing large
amounts of data. It has a capacity of up to 25 GB.
Blu-ray Disc
Flash Memory
Flash drive functions as a portable hard drive. It's a small and portable memory card that plugs
into a computer's USB port. USe flash drives are smaller and more durable with large storage
capacity. It can be used in any computer with uSB port. USB flash drives are also called thumb
drives, pen drives, keydrives, or simply USB drives. It stores data upto 2 TB. Flash Drive
ICT Skills-I 83
 20 Name and e l
Memory Stick
smartphones, digital cameras
32M8 Memory stick is a portable memory card used as an add-on for
SmartTV etc. Its capacity varies from 4GB to 128 GB.
Memory Stick

MEASURING UNIT FORMEMORY

memory is
storage devices is the byte. In computing, a bytefor
Tne unit used to measure data storedin memory or
equivalent to akiloneter for distance, a second for time, or a kilogram for weight.
represents a single
endless combinations of 8 bits (1 Byte). This byte
Computers work in binary digits-o and 1to form keyboard. These bytes combine in different forms
character on the
letter, number, punctuation, or any other special
to represent data.
eitherO (off) or 1 (0n).
Bit: Abit is the smallest measuring unit. It can be
for measuring units. It is made up of 8 bits.
" Byte: A byte is the basic unit
represent huge data we have different units
to measure as listed below:
To
8 Bits
1 Byte
1Kilobyte (KB) 1024 Byte
1 Megabyte (MB) 1024 KB
1024 MB
1Gigabyte (GB)
1024 GB
1 Terabyte (TB)
1024 TB
1 Petabyte (PB)
1024 PB
1 Exabyte (EB)
1024 EB
1Zettabyte (ZB)

PERIPHERAL DEVICE PORTS

attachment between the external peripheral devices
like mouse, printer,
These ports act as a connector or apoint of system.
keyboard, camera, scanner, etc. and the computer. There
are different types of ports present in a computer
below:
Some of the commonly used are discussed
computer and the peripheral device takes place in a
/Serial Port: In Serial port, data transmission between the
external modems in older times. Nowadays, it is
sequence of one bit at atimne It was used to connect mouse and
replaced by a USB port.
computer and the peripheral device takes place in a
" Parallel Port: In Parallel port, data transmission between the
printers.
parallel line of eight bits at a time) It is used to connect scanners and
connection of a variety of devices ike
" (USB Port: Universal Serial Bus is a new technology port which supports the
Scanners, printers, keyboard, cameras, speakers, etc. to the computerit is much faster than serial or parallel ports.
Smartphones, Tablets, e-book readers, use USB port for charging.
.(Eehernet Port:Ethernet Port provides a network connection by connecting the ethernet cables to the computer tor
network and Internet connectivity using wired technology
HOMI POrt:High Definition Media Interface port is used toconnect high quality audio andvideo devices like MPa
players, cameras, smart phones, Tablets, Smart TV to computers)It helps in the transmission of good quality auoo
and video files.
Power Port: It is used to connect the system to the power supply.)

84 Trackpad Information Technology (Ver. 1.0)-IX

 MOTHERBOARD

fhe Motherboard or main board, consists of a board containing electric circuits that connect all the imoortant
Componentsof the compute) (ftheCPU is the brain of the computer, then, the motherboard is the cetral nervout
temmaking it the backbone or spine ofa computer systemt consists of:

C A 2 2 0

Cus,
Motherboard

output devices.
" Portsto connect different input and
system's main memory.
Memory slots that contain the a computer.
ROM-BIOS chip that acts as an interface
between the operating system and the hardware of

System Clock that synchronises all

the components of the motherboard.
supply toall the essential components
on the motherboard.
Power connector that gives power

UNDERSTANDING OPERATING SYSTEM

between the user and the computer.
It is an important
System is a system software which acts as an interface It helps us to communicate
An Operating controls all other components of
the computer system.
comnputer system which is of no use. Some of the
component of a Without an Operating System the computer
knowing its language. devices also have operating
with the comnputer without Windows, DOS, UNIX, Ubuntu, MacOS etc. Mobile
Systems are
commonly used Operating
functions. For example, Apple
iOS and Google Android.
their
system that help them perform

APPAPP

APPAPP

Operating
System

Operating System

85
CT SAils