Introduction To Computers Part-1
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imtiazhussaindulluIntroduction To Computers Part-1
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imtiazhussaindulluPPSC COMPUTER SCIENCE
Introduction to Computers
A computer is a programmable electronic device that accepts raw data as
input and processes it with a set of instructions (a program) to produce the
result as output.
It renders output just after performing mathematical and logical operations
and can save the output for future use. It can process numerical as well as
non-numerical calculations.
The term "computer" is derived from the Latin word "computare" or
“Compute” which means to calculate.
A computer is designed to execute applications and provides a variety of
solutions through integrated hardware and software components. It works
with the help of programs and represents the decimal numbers through a
string of binary digits. It also has a memory that stores the data, programs,
and result of processing.
It is believed that the Analytical Engine was the first computer which
was invented by Charles Babbage in 1837. Charles Babbage is also known
as the father of the computer.
Mother of computer = Ada
The basic parts without which a computer cannot work are as follows
o Processor: It executes instructions from software and hardware.
o Memory: It is the primary memory for data transfer between the CPU
and storage.
o Motherboard: It is the part that connects all other parts or
components of a computer.
o Storage Device: It permanently stores the data, e.g., hard drive.
o Input Device: It allows you to communicate with the computer or to
input data, e.g., a keyboard.
o Output Device: It enables you to see the output, e.g., monitor.
2. Types of Computers (BASED on Size)
Computers are divided into different types based on different criteria.
Based on the size, a computer can be divided into five types:
1. Micro Computer
2. Mini Computer
3. Mainframe Computer
4. Super Computer
5. Workstations
1. Micro Computer:
It is a single-user computer which has less speed and storage capacity than
the other types. It uses a microprocessor as a CPU. The first microcomputer
was built with 8-bit microprocessor chips. The common examples of
microcomputers include laptops, desktop computers, personal digital
assistant (PDA), tablets, and smartphones. Microcomputers are generally
designed and developed for general usage like browsing, searching for
information, internet, MS Office, social media, etc.
2. Mini Computer:
Mini-computers are also known as "Midrange Computers." They are not
designed for a single. They are multi-user computers designed to support
multiple users simultaneously.
3. Mainframe Computer:
It is also a multi-user computer capable of supporting thousands of users
simultaneously.
4. Super Computer:
Super-computers are the fastest and most expensive computers among all
types of computers. They have huge storage capacities and computing
speeds and thus can perform millions of instructions per second. The
super-computers are task-specific and thus used for specialized
applications such as large-scale numerical problems in scientific and
engineering disciplines including applications in electronics, petroleum
engineering, weather forecasting, medicine, space research and more. For
example, NASA uses supercomputers for launching space satellites and
monitoring and controlling them for space exploration.
5. Work stations:
It is a single-user computer. Work stations are generally used for
specialized applications such as desktop publishing, software development,
and engineering designs.
Benefits of Using a Computer:
o Increases your productivity:
o Connects to the Internet:
o Storage:
o Improves your abilities:
o Keeps you entertained:
o ATM: Automated Teller Machine
o VoIP: All voice over IP communication (VoIP) is handled and done
by computers.
1. The word processing feature that catches most random
typographical errors and misspellings is known as _____.
a. Grammar checker
b. Spell checker
c. Word checker
d. None of the these
2. What is smallest unit of the information?
a. A bit
b. A byte
c. A block
d. A nibble
3. What is the term for a temporary storage area that compensates
for differences in data rate and data flow between devices?
a. Buffer
b. Bus
c. Channel
d. Modem
4. How many colour dots make up one colour pixel on a screen?
a. 265
b. 16
c. 8
d. 3 (RGB)
5. How is the data stored on the diskette?
a. Ink
b. Laser bubbles
c. Magnetism
d. Circuits
6. Which of the following is the smallest visual element on a video
monitor?
a. Character
b. Pixel
c. Byte
d. Bit
7. Which of the following natural element is the primary element
in computer chips?
a. Silicon
b. Carbon
c. Iron
d. Uranium
8. Which of the following programs enables you to calculate
numbers related to rows and columns?
a. Window program
b. Spreadsheet program
c. Graphics program
d. Word program
9. Which of the following is an output device?
a. Keyboard
b. Mouse
c. Light pen
d. VDU
10. Which of the following is an input device?
a. Plotter
b. Printer
c. VDU
d. Mouse
11. Which of the following is the extension of Notepad?
a. .txt
b. .xls
c. .ppt
d. .bmp
12. BIOS stands for
Basic Input & Output System
13. Which one of the following groups contains graphical file
extensions?
a. JPG, CPX, GCM
b. GIF, TCE, WMF
c. TCP, JPG, BMP
d. JPG, GIF, BMP
14. Which of the following is equal to a gigabyte?
a. 1024 bytes
b. 512 GB
c. 1024 megabytes
d. 1024 bits
15. How many bytes does 4 kilobytes represent?
a. 512
b. 1024
c. 4096
d. 8192
16. What is the speed of computer measured in?
a. Nanoseconds
b. Kilo-seconds
c. Gigahertz
d. Megabytes
17. What is the full form of RAM?
a. Remote Access Memory
b. Random Access Memory
c. Remote Access Memory
18. What is the full form of DRAM?
a. Dynamic Remote Access Memory
b. Dynamic Random-Access Memory
c. Dependent Remote Access Memory
d. Dependent Random-Access Memory
19. Which one of the following software applications would be
the most appropriate for performing numerical and statistical
calculations?
a. Database
b. Document processor
c. Graphics package
d. Spreadsheet
20. Which of the following is exclusively a sequential access
storage device?
a. Hard disk
b. Floppy disk
c. Magnetic tape
d. DVD
21. What is the full form of SRAM?
a. Static Random-Access Memory
b. Static Remote-Access Memory
c. Setup Random-Access Memory
d. Setup Remote-Access Memory
22. What is the full form of USB?
a. Unshielded System Board
b. Universal System Board
c. Unidentified System Bus
d. Universal System Bus
23. Which of the following numbers is a binary number?
a. 1 and 2
b. 0 and 0.1
c. 2 and 0
d. 0 and 1
24. What is the full form of SCSI?
a. Standard computer systems interface
b. Small computer systems interface
c. Super computer systems interface
d. Small computer standard interface
25. Which one of the following is an example of the browser
software?
a. Microsoft Word
b. Notepad
c. Internet navigator
d. Internet explorer
