System Specifications
Example 1: PI Controller Selection
The closed loop control system below is to be designed and the
transfer functions for the controller and plant are given as
K ps + KI GH ( s ) = 2
0 .9
K (s) = s + 3 . 5 s + 0 .9
s
r(t) + e(t) u(t) y(t)
K(s) GH(s)
−
a) Determine the closed loop transfer function in terms of KP and KI.
b) Determine the values for Kp and KI so that the closed loop system
has an optimum step response based on ITAE criterion.
c) For b), determine the ess when r(t) is a ramp of 2 units.
System Specifications
𝐾𝑝 𝑠 + 𝐾𝐼 0.9
𝐺 𝑠 𝐾 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 2 + 3.5𝑠 + 0.9
𝑎) 𝑇 𝑠 = =
1+𝐺 𝑠 𝐾 𝑠 𝐾𝑝 𝑠 + 𝐾𝐼 0.9
1+
𝑠 𝑠 2 + 3.5𝑠 + 0.9
0.9𝐾𝑝 𝑠 + 0.9𝐾𝐼
𝑇 𝑠 =
𝑠 3 + 3.5𝑠 2 + 0.9 + 0.9𝐾𝑝 𝑠 + 0.9𝐾𝐼
CE = s + 1.75n s + 2.15n s + n
3 2 2 3
b) 3.5 = 1.75𝜔𝑛 ⇒ 𝜔𝑛 = 2
2.15𝜔𝑛2 = 0.9 1 + 𝐾𝑝 ⇒ 𝐾𝑝 = 8.56
0.9𝐾𝐼 = 𝜔𝑛3 ⇒ 𝐾𝐼 = 8.89
System Specifications
2
𝑅 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠2 +3.5𝑠+0.9
𝑠2
c) 𝐸 𝑠 = =
1+𝐾 𝑠 𝐺 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠2 +3.5𝑠+0.9 +0.9 𝐾𝑝 𝑠+𝐾𝐼
𝑒𝑠𝑠 = lim 𝑠𝐸(𝑠)
𝑠→0
2
𝑠 2 𝑠 2 + 3.5𝑠 + 0.9
𝑠
𝑒𝑠𝑠 = lim 𝑠
𝑠→0 𝑠 𝑠 2 + 3.5𝑠 + 0.9 + 0.9 𝐾𝑝 𝑠 + 𝐾𝐼
2(0.9) 2
𝑒𝑠𝑠 = = = 0.225
0.9 𝐾𝐼 8.89