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bbbbb24ECE36H
Wireless Communication
Technologies
ML: Dr. Mohammad Abdellatif
TA: Eng. Salma Samy
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Why study wireless???
• Fastest growing industry
• Multi $ trillion industry
• Since the 1990’s, has been taking a larger portion of our budgets
• More services everyday (2g – 3g – 4g – 5g , -)
• More engineering challenges everyday
• Everything is going wireless
• Computers, smartphones, tabs, …
• Computer peripherals (PANs)
• Body-attached (BANs)
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Topics covered in this course
• Course introduction
• Mobile communication concepts:
• Cellular system concept
• Multiple access
• GSM system
• Spread-spectrum techniques:
• DS-CDMA
• FH-CDMA
• IS-95 systems
• Multicarrier modulation techniques:
• OFDM
• 3G and 4G intro:
• UMTS
• LTE
• MIMO systems and 5G introduction
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Assessment
• Midterm (20%)b
• Group Project (20%)b
• Matlab modelling and simulation of a modern Wireless
communication system
• Groups of 2–3
• Group member list + selected system in W3
• Project proposal in W5
• Project report submission in W10
• Oral presentation in W12
• Final exam (60%)b
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References
• Course is very diverse many references
• For each topic, references will be listed
• Main reference will be:
• Beard and Stallings "Wireless Communication Networks and
Systems, 1st edition", Pearson Education, ISBN: 978-0133594171
• “Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice”, 2nd Edition by
Theodore Rappaport, 2009.
• “Wireless Communications”, Andreas F. Molisch, 2012.
• “Wireless Communications”, Andrea Goldsmith, 2005.
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Before we start
• Learn as much as you can, everything is useful
• Very important to take notes
• Print slides before lectures
• Solve problems with your own hands, don’t just watch
them get solved
• Math, if handled properly, can make us understand better,
can make life better
• Opt for learning, not the exam
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Types of wireless services (1)
• Broadcast:
• One Tx transmits information
• Received by everyone within Tx
range
• same information for everyone
• E.g. TV satellite broadcast
Broadcast
• Paging:
• Similar to broadcast, except that
information transmitted to one
specific user
• Pager devices are replaced by
mobile phones
• Paging principle is still used when
a mobile user receives a call
Paging
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Types of wireless services (2)
• Cellular telephony
• Bidirectional information flow
• Global coverage
• Coverage is divided into small
areas (cells) to increase the
number of users (more later)
• User free to move anywhere
during a call
• Cordless telephony Cellular telephony
• Wireless access to landline phone
• User can move within a range of
about 100 m.
• Personal Handy-phone System
(PHS) in japan provides coverage
for the whole country
Cordless telephony
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Types of wireless services (3)
• Wireless LANs
• Similar in concept to cordless telephony
• Difference in data rate
• Cordless: 64 Kb/s
• 802.11a: 55 Mb/s
• 802.11b: 11 Mb/s
• 802.11g: 54 Mb/s
• 802.11n: 150 Mb/s
• 802.11ac: 1+ Gb/s (future)
• Ad-hoc and wireless sensor networks
(WSNs)
• Do not need a central node (BS)
• Data routing is done by users themselves
• No infrastructure needed: lower cost and faster
installation
• Added burden to user: need to pass other
people’s data
• WSNs are getting more popular everyday
• Applications in factory automation, controlling
lighting, temperature, military applications, etc.
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Types of wireless services (4)
• PANs (personal area networks)
• Provide wireless cable replacement
• Low up to very high data rates + short range + low Tx power
• Bluetooth replaces earphone cable
• UWB technology will provide wireless USB, wireless HDMA
• Fixed wireless systems
• Provide wireless link between user and PSTN
• Used for installing landline phone and internet services in rural areas
• Eliminates cable laying operations (reduces cost)
• Range up to 10 Km
• User must be fixed
• WiMax (IEEE 802.16) provides same services + mobility
• Satellite cellular communications
• Satellite acts as the BS
• Cover very large areas unreachable by fixed BSs
• deserts, mountains, oceans, airplanes, etc.
• Slow data rates
• Very expensive service
• Examples: Thuraya, Iridium and Inmarsat systems
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Direction of transmission
• Simplex systems:
• send the information only in one direction
• Example: broadcast systems and pagers.
• Semi-duplex systems:
• can transmit information in both directions.
• only one direction is allowed at a time.
• Example: Walkie-talkies, TDD links (later)
• Full-duplex:
• systems allow simultaneous transmission in both directions
• Example: cellphones and cordless phones.
• Asymmetric duplex systems:
• one direction (usually the downlink) is higher in capacity than in the
other direction.
• Example: 3G internet connection
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Data rate vs. range
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Data rate vs. mobility
