9

Quarter 2 – Module 2
Solving Problems Involving
Variation
M9AL-IIb-c-1

English – Grade 7
Mathematics – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 2 Solving Problems Involving Variation
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary : Leonor Magtolis Briones

Undersecretary : Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Author : Michelle V. Ricohermoso

Language Reviewer : Lerma Q. Reyes
Content Editor : Michelle V. Ricohermoso
Illustrator : Emily C. Cruz
Layout Artist : Emily C. Cruz

Management Team:

Gregorio C. Quinto, Jr., EdD

Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Rainelda M. Blanco, PhD

Education Program Supervisor - LRMDS

Agnes R. Bernardo, PhD

EPS-Division ADM Coordinator

Glenda S. Constantino
Project Development Officer II

Francisco B. Macale
Mathematics, Division Focal Person

Joannarie C. Garcia
Librarian II

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email Adress: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph
 9

Quarter 1 – Module 2
Solving Problems Involving
Variation
M9AL-IIb-c-1
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on “Solving

Problems Involving Variation”

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from
public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners
meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and the learners as they do the tasks
included in the module.

For the Learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on “Solving

Problems Involving Variation”

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

1
 This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correctly (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways; a story, a
song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned.
This contains answers to all activities in the
module.

At the end of this module, you will also find:

References- This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
2
 This module provides varied activities that will help you learn about variations
at the end of this module, you are expected to:
.
 Solve problems involving variations.

Directions: Let us determine how much you already know about the topics. Do not
forget to take note of the items you were not able to answer correctly and try to find the right
answer as you go through this module. Write the letter of your answer.

Let’s Begin!

Pre-Assessment

1. The cost c of chicken varies directly as its weight w is written as

a. c = kw b. k = cw c. w= d. c =

2. The time t required to travel a given fixed distance is inversely proportional to the rate
r.
a. t = kr b. t = c. r = kt d.

3. Which is an example of direct variation?

a. xy = 10 b. y = c. y = 5x d. =x

4. y varies directly as x and y = 24 when x = 3. Find the constant of variation.

a. 8 b. 32 c. 28 d. 128

5. If a varies directly as b and a = 12 when b = 4, find a when b = 12.

a. 3 b. 4 c. 36 d. 48

6. If y varies inversely as x and y = 48 when x = 10, find y when x = 32.

a. 10 b. 15 c. 20 d. 25

7. If m varies directly as the square of n, and m = 24 when n = 2, find m when n = 3.

a. 6 b. 12 c. 38 d. 54

8. A variable z varies jointly as x and y and inversely as u. If z = 14 when x = 4, y = 7,

and u = 6, find the value of y when x = 10, u = 5, and z = 6.
a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3

13
 9. If z varies directly as x2 + y2, and z = 25 when x = 3 and y = 4, find z when x = 4 and
y = 5.
a. 1 b. 12 c. 35 d. 41
3
10. If p varies inversely as r, and p = when r = 9, find p when r = -3.
a. 5 b. c. d.

11. The shadow of an object varies directly as its height h. A man 1.8 m tall casts a
shadow 4.32 m long. If at the same time a flagpole casts a shadow 12.8 m long, how
high is the flagpole?
a. 3.53 m b. 4.33 m c. 5.33 m d. 4.35 m

12. Emily is figuring out a way to reach Pangasinan at the shortest possible time. Using
her car, she can reach Pangasinan in 6 hours at an average speed of 70 km per
hour. How fast should she drive in order to reach Pangasinan in 5 hours?
a. 48 km b. 84 km c. 240 km d. 420 km

13. The area of triangle varies jointly as the base and the height. A triangle with a base of
8cm and a height of 9cm has an area of 36 square centimetres. Find the area when
the base is 10 cm and the height is 7 cm.
a. 20 cm2 b. 25 cm2 c. 30 cm2 d. 35 cm2

14. The acceleration a of an object varies directly as the force f exerted and inversely as
its mass m. If the constant of variation is 1, find the acceleration in meters/second2 of
a 10 kg object exerting a force of 10 Newtons.
a. 1 meter/second2 c. 9 meter/second2
2
b. 5 meter/second d. 13 meter/second2

15. The number of days needed in repairing a school canteen varies inversely as the
number of men working. It takes 15 days for 2 men to repair the school canteen. How
many men are needed to complete the job in 6 days?
a. 5 b. 15 c. 20 d. 30

During the first week of your study in Mathematics 9 module 2, you have learned the
different kinds of variation. Direct variation is a relation which can be described by an
equation of the form y=kx, where k is a nonzero constant. Inverse Variation is a relation
which can be described by an equation of the form y= or xy=k, where k is nonzero
constant. Joint Variation is a relation with the combination of direct and inverse variations.
Combined variation describes a situation where a variable depends on two (or more) other
variables, and varies directly with some of them and varies inversely with others (when the
rest of the variables are held constant).

Let us analyze the following tables and graphs.

24
 Directions: Determine if the tables and graphs below express a direct variation or
inverse variation between the variables. If they do, find the constant of variation and an
equation that defines the relation. Write the letter of the correct answer from the space
provided.
_____a______1.
x 1 2 3 4 a. Direct Variation,
k = -3; y = -3x
y -3 -6 -9 -12

____________2. b. Inverse Variation,

x 7 14 -21 -28 k = 12 ; y = 𝑥

y 3 6 -9 -12
c. Inverse Variation,
7
k = 72 ; y =
𝑥
____________3.
x 2 4 6 8
d. Direct Variation,
y 36 18 12 9 k = 10 ; y =10x

e. Direct Variation,
____________4.
k= 7
;y= 7
x
60
Y
f. Inverse Variation,
50
6
k = 62 ; y = 𝑥
40

30

20

10
X
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

____________5.
7

5
Length (l)

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Width (w)
15
Who is this Filipino Inventor?

damath

damath
He is Filipino Mathematician who developed a board game called DAMATHS. The
board game applies the moves used in the Filipino board game DAMA to solve problems on
the different concepts in Mathematics. Who is he?
To find out, match the letter that corresponds to the answer to the numbered item on your
left. The letters will spell out the name of this Filipino Mathematician.

Verbal Phrase Expression

1. d varies directly as f. E p=
d=kf

2. z varies jointly as x and y. B o=

3. p varies directly as b and inversely as c. D v=klwh

4. o varies directly as q and inversely as the square of r. F m=kj

5. v varies jointly as l, w, and h. U z=kxy

6. j varies inversely as m. N o=

A j=

H d=kf

Answer : _ H__ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

1 2 3 4 5 6

Notes to the Teacher

In this module, it is very important to monitor your students from time to time to avoid
misconceptions on any lesson they are dealing with.

62
 Direct variations whenever a situation produces pairs of numbers in which their
ratio is constant .
The statements:
“y varies directly as x”
“y is directly proportional to x” and
“y is proportional to x”
My be translated mathematically as y=kx, where k is the constant of variation.
For two quantities, x and y, an increase in x causes an increase in y as well. Similarly, a
decrease in x causes a decrease in y.

Example
The table below shows that the distance d varies directly as the time t. Find the
constant of variation and the equation which describes the relation.

Time (hr) 1 2 3 4 5
Distance 10 20 30 40 50
(km)

Solution:
Since the distance d varies directly as the time t, then d=kt.
Using one of the pairs of values, (2,20), from the table, substitute the values of d and
t in d = kt and solve for k.

d = kt write the equation involving d and t

20=2k substitute
6 the given values in the equation
K= solve for k
K=10

Therefore, the constant of variation is 10.

Form the mathematical equation of the variation by substituting 10 in the statement d = kt.
d = 10t
We can see that the constant of variation can be solved if one pair of values of x and y is
known. From the resulting equation, other 6pairs having the same relationship can be
obtained.

Inverse variation occurs whenever a situation produces pairs of numbers whose

product is constant. For two quantities x and y, an increase in x causes a decrease in y or
vise versa. We can say that y varies inversely as x or y = .

17
 The statement, “y varies inversely to x” translates to y = , where k is the constant of
variation.

Example

Boyle’s law states that under constant temperature, the volume of gas varies
inversely as its pressure. If a gas has a volume of 106 cubic inches when the pressure is
14.7 psi, find the voloume when the pressure is 15.3 psi.

Solution:
The equation is V =
To solve for k, substitute p = 14.7 and V = 106 in the equation,

106= 7

K= (106)(14.7)
K= 1,558.2

The equation becomes

8
V=

Solving for V when P =15.3,

8
V=
V= 101.84 cu in.

Joint Variation The statement “ a varies jointly as b and c” means a=kbc, or k = ,

where k is the constant of variation

Example:

The area of triangle varies jointly as the base and the height. A triangle with a base 8
cm and a height of 9 cm has an area of 36 square centimeters. Find the area when the
base is 10 cm and the height is 7 cm.

Solution:
Given:
Area= A, base=b, height= h
A = 36 cm²
b= 8cm
h = 9cm

Solution:
A = Kbh write the equation
36 = k(8)(9) substitute the given values in the equation
36 = k (72)

28
 6 7
7
= 7
solve for k
K=

Form the mathematical equation of the variation by substituting in the statement A = Kbh.
A= bh
Given:
b=10
h=7
A = (10)(7) substitute the given values in the equation
A = (70) solve for A

A = 35 cm²

Combined Variation The statement “ z varies directly as x and inversely as y”

means z = , or k = , where k is the constant of variation.

Example:

The current I varies directly as the electromotive force E and inversely as the
resistance R. If a current of 30 amperes flows through a system with 16 ohms resistance
and electromotive force of 120 volts, find the current that a 200 volt- electromotive force will
send through the system.

Solution:
Given
I = 30
E =120
R = 16
I= write the equation
30 = substitute the given values in the equation
6
6
K= solve for k

K=4

Form the mathematical equation of the variation by substituting 4 in the statement I =

I=
Given:
E = 200
R = 16
I= 6
substitute the given values in the equation
I=50 amperes solve for I

91
Independent Activity 1:
Direction: Choose the equation or formula from the box that corresponds for each of the
following Mathematical phrases:
1. The circumference (c) of a circle varies directly as the diameter (d).
2. The Area (A) of a triangle varies jointly as the base (b) and the height (h).
3. B is directly proportional to the square of A and inversely proportional to the cube of
C.
4. The Volume (V) of a circular cone varies jointly as its height (h) and the square of the
radius (r) of its base.
5. Y varies jointly as R and T.
6. The pressure (P) of a gas varies jointly as its density (d) and its absolute temperature
(t).
7. N varies directly as P and inversely as Q.
8. Y is directly proportional to the cube root of u.
9. The area (A) of a circle varies directly as the square of its radius (r).
10. W varies directly as the cube of x but inversely as the square of y.

C=kd √ N = kP Y = kRT

V = k hr2 A = kbh P = kdt

A = kr2

Independent Assessment 1:
Direction: Solve for the constant of variation:
1. If a varies jointly as b and c, and a=13, when b=39, and c=3.
2. If P varies directly as Q and inversely as R, and P=30, when Q=15 and R=4.
3. If J varies jointly as the square of L and the square of M, and J=12, when L=12 and
M=3.
4. If D varies jointly as the square of E and F, and D=210, when E=32 and F=70.
5. If y varies directly as x and inversely as the square of z, and y=40, when x=10 and
y=3.

210
Independent Activity 2:

Read the phrases found at the left column in the table below. If the phrase is direct
variation, place a letter D in the right column, I if it is an inverse, J if the phrase is joint
variation and if it is combined variation, place C.

PHRASE VARIATION
1. The number of modules to be answered is proportional
to the number of students who are enrolled.
2. The distance of the barangay routes to is directly
proportional to the time travelling.
3. The cost of fare to the distance travelled by the car and
the number of passengers.
4. The rate of learning to the method of teaching applied
inversely to its time frame.
5. The time spent by parent to the number of his/her child is
proportional he is teaching with.
6. The time allotted to answer inversely to the number of
modules for each week.
7. The acceleration A of a car varies directly as the
distance d it travels and inversely as the square of the time
t it travels.
8. The mass of the passenger varies jointly as the height
and the weight.
9. The area of the floor plan varies jointly as the length and
the width.
10. The pressure P of a gas varies directly as its
temperature t and inversely as its volume V.

Independent Assessment 2:
Direction: Solve the following Problems.
1. A post 5m high casts a shadow of 6m. If the shadow of a nearby tree is measured
to be 24m, how high is the tree?
2. The distance travelled by a falling object varies directly as the square of the time
it spends in falling. If a body falls 64ft in 2 seconds, find the distance that it will fall
in 10 seconds.
3. The current (I) varies directly as the electromotive force ( E ) and inversely as the
resistance ( R ). If a current of 30 amperes flows through a system with 16 ohms
resistance and electromotive force of 120 volts, find the current that a 200 volts
electromotive force will send through the system.
4. The area of a rhombus varies jointly as the lengths of the two diagonals. If a
rhombus whose diagonals are 10cm and 8cm long has an area of 40cm2, find the
area of the rhombus whose diagonals are 11cm and 15cm.
5. The weight of an object of Mars varies directly as its weight on Earth. An object
that weighs 115kg on Earth weighs 44kg on Mars. How much will a person who
weighs 75kg on Earth weighs on Mars?

1
11
Independent Activity 3:
Direction: Solve the following:
1. If y varies directly as x, and y=15 when x=3, find y if x=5.
2. P is inversely proportional to x, and P=9 when x=4. Find P when x=12.
3. If y varies directly as x, and y=5 when x=10, find the constant of variation and the
value of y when x= -10.
4. M varies jointly as S and T. If M=15, when S=10 and T=3, find M when S=12 and
T=9.
5. Y varies directly proportional to x and inversely proportional to z. If , ,

and , what is y when and ?

Independent Assessment 3:
Direction: Solve the following Problems.
1. The time required for an elevator to lift a weight varies jointly with the weight and the
distance through which it is to be lifted and inversely with the power of the motor. It
takes 30 seconds for a 10-horsepower motor to lift 100 pounds through 50 feet, what
size of motor is required to lift 800 pounds in 40 seconds through 40 feet?
2. Two quantities vary inversely. When the value of one of the quantities is 18, the value
of the other is 9
. Find the value of the second quantity when the value of the first is

25.
3. The area of a triangle varies jointly as the base and the altitude. The area of a
triangle whose altitude is 24cm and whose base is 4cm is 48cm2. Find the altitude of
a triangle of equal area whose base is 6cm.
4. The pressure at the bottom of a swimming pool varies directly as the depth. If the
pressure is 3,150,000 kg/m2 when the water is 60m deep, find the pressure when it is
1.5m.
5. The weight of a rectangular block of metal varies jointly as the length, the width, and
the thickness. If the weight of a 12cm by 8cm by 6cm block of metal is 18kg, find the
weight of 16cm by 10cm by 4cm block.

12
2
 After having gone different activities about solving variations, what realization
or point of view can you give to show how important this lesson is and what particular
day-today activity do you think can this be applied? Plot your answer below by giving
a brief detail.

I realized that …

I can apply this lesson in …

113
 Cite three real-life situations where variations are illustrated. Formulate a relation out
of these situations and tell what kind of variation.

2
14
 Directions: Write the letter of your answer on each of the following questions.

1. Lerma is figuring out a way to reach Pangasinan at the shortest possible time. Using
her car, she can reach Pangasinan in 6 hours at an average speed of 70 km per
hour. How fast should she drive in order to reach Pangasinan in 5 hours?
a. 48 km b. 84 km c. 240 km d. 420 km
2. If p varies inversely as r, and p = when r = 9, find p when r = -3.
a. 5 b. c. d.

3. If m varies directly as the square of n, and m = 24 when n = 2, find m when n = 3.

a. 6 b. 12 c. 38 d. 54
4. The time t required to travel a given fixed distance is inversely proportional to the rate
r.
a. t = kr b. t = c. r = kt d.

5. The cost c of chicken varies directly as its weight w is written as

a. c = kw b. k = cw c. w= d. c =

6. Which is an example of direct variation?

a. xy = 10 b. y = c. y = 5x d. =x

7. y varies directly as x and y = 24 when x = 3. Find the constant of variation.

a. 8 b. 32 c. 28 d. 128
8. If a varies directly as b and a = 12 when b = 4, find a when b = 12.

a. 3 b. 4 c. 36 d. 48

9. If y varies inversely as x and y = 48 when x = 10, find y when x = 32.

a. 10 b. 15 c. 20 d. 25
10. The number of days needed in repairing a school canteen varies inversely as the
number of men working. It takes 15 days for 2 men to repair the school canteen. How
many men are needed to complete the job in 6 days?
a. 5 b. 15 c. 20 d. 30
11. The acceleration a of an object varies directly as the force f exerted and inversely as
its mass m. If the constant of variation is 1, find the acceleration in meters/second2 of
a 10 kg object exerting a force of 10 Newtons.
a. 1 meter/second2 b. 9 meter/second2
c. 5 meter/second2 d. 13 meter/second2
1
15
12. The area of triangle varies jointly as the base and the height. A triangle with a base of
8cm and a height of 9cm has an area of 36 square centimetres. Find the area when
the base is 10 cm and the height is 7 cm.
a. 20 cm2 b. 25 cm2 c. 30 cm2 d. 35 cm2
13. The shadow of an object varies directly as its height h. A man 1.8 m tall casts a
shadow 4.32 m long. If at the same time a flagpole casts a shadow 12.8 m long, how
high is the flagpole?
a. 3.53 m b. 4.33 m c. 5.33m d. 4.35 m
14. A variable z varies jointly as x and y and inversely as u. If z = 14 when x = 4, y = 7,
and u = 6, find the value of y when x = 10, u = 5, and z = 6.
a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3
15. If z varies directly as x2 + y2, and z = 25 when x = 3 and y = 4, find z when x = 4 and
y = 5.
a. 1 b. 12 c. 35 d. 41

Direction: Solve the following problems.

1. If 12 workers can make 80 baskets a day, how many workers are needed to
complete a daily order of 100 baskets?
2. The air is pumped into a balloon, the pressure required varies inversely as
the volume. If the pressure is 3 kg, when the volume is 14dm3, find the
pressure when the volume is 10dm3.
3. The electrical resistance of a wire varies directly as its length and inversely
as the square of its diameter. If a wire 30 meters long and 0.75mm in
diameter has a resistance of 25 ohms, find the length of a wire of the same
materials whose resistance and diameter are 30 ohms and 1.25mm,
respectively.

16
2
 171
What I know
1. A 6. B 11. C
2. B 7. D 12. B
3. C 8. B 13. D
4. A 9. D 14. A
5. C 10. D 15. A
What’s In What’s New
1. a
2. e
3. c Answer : H U E N D A
4. d 1 2 3 4 5 6
5. b
What’s More What’s More
Independent Activity 1 Independent Assesssment 1.
1. C = k d 6. P = kdt 1. 9
2. A = kbh 7. N = kP 2. 8
𝑘𝐴
3. 𝐵 8. 𝑌 √𝑢 3.
𝐶
2 2 4. 3
4. V = k hr 9. A = kr
𝑘𝑥 5. 36
5. Y = kRT 10. 𝑊
𝑦
What’s More What’s More
Independent Activity 2 Independent Assesssment 2.
1. D 6. I 1. 20m
2. D 7. C 2. 1600ft
3. J 8. J 3. 50 amperes
2
4. C 9. J 4. A = 82.5cm
5. D 10. C 5. 28.7kg
 18
2
What’s More What’s More
Independent Activity 3 Independent Assessment 3
1. y = 25 1. 48-horsepower
2. P = 3
2.
3. 𝑘 y= -5
3. 16cm
4. M = 54 2
4. 78750 kg/ m
5. 𝑦
5. 20 kg
What’s More
Independent Activity 3 Assessment
1. y = 25 1. B 6. C 11. A
2. P = 3 2. D 7. A 12. D
3. 𝑘 y= -5 3. D 8. C 13. C
4. B 9. B 14. B
4. M = 54
5. A 10. A 15. D
5. 𝑦
Additional Activity
1. 15 Baskets
2. 4.2 kg
3. 100 meters
 References
Bryant, Merden L. et. al. Mathematics Learner’s Material 9. First Edition. Edited by Debbie
Marie B. Versoza, PhD. Pasig City Philippines. Department of Education. 2014.

Dilao, Solidad. Intermediate Algebra, Philippines: Julieta G. Bernabe, 2002

Maharlika P. Mojica, Zenaida B. Diaz, et. al. Next Century Mathematics, Phoenix Publishing
House, Inc 2004.

1
19
 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan

Email Address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph