LINUX (ubuntu)
1. File and Directory Management:
• ls: List files in a directory.
• cd: Change directory.
• pwd: Display current directory path.
• mkdir: Create a new directory.
• rmdir: Remove an empty directory.
• cp: Copy files or directories.
• mv: Move or rename files or directories.
• rm: Remove files or directories.
• touch: Create an empty file or update file timestamps.
• cat: Display the contents of a file.
• more / less: View file contents page by page.
• find: Search for files and directories.
• locate: Find the location of files.
• tree: Display directories and subdirectories in a tree format.
2. Permissions and Ownership:
• chmod: Change file or directory permissions.
• chown: Change file or directory ownership.
• chgrp: Change group ownership of a file or directory.
• umask: Set default file permissions.
3. Process Management:
• ps: Display information about running processes.
• top: Show a dynamic, real-time view of running processes.
• htop: An improved, interactive version of top (requires installation).
• kill: Terminate a process by PID.
• killall: Terminate all processes with a specific name.
• nice: Run a command with a modified scheduling priority.
• renice: Change the priority of an already-running process.
• bg: Resume a job in the background.
• fg: Resume a job in the foreground.
4. System Information and Management:
LINUX (ubuntu)
• uname: Display system information.
• df: Display disk space usage.
• du: Show disk usage for files and directories.
• free: Display memory usage.
• uptime: Show how long the system has been running.
• who: Display users logged into the system.
• hostname: Display or set the system's hostname.
• date: Display or set the system date and time.
• cal: Display a calendar.
• dmesg: Show system boot messages.
• lscpu: Display CPU architecture information.
• lsblk: List information about block devices.
• lsusb: List USB devices connected to the system.
• lspci: List PCI devices on the system.
• lsmod: Display loaded kernel modules.
• modprobe: Load or remove modules from the kernel.
5. User and Group Management:
• adduser: Add a new user.
• deluser: Delete a user.
• addgroup: Add a new group.
• delgroup: Delete a group.
• passwd: Change a user's password.
• usermod: Modify a user's account settings.
• groupmod: Modify a group's settings.
• groups: Show groups a user belongs to.
• id: Display user ID and group ID information.
6. Networking:
• ping: Check network connectivity.
• ifconfig: Display or configure network interfaces (use ip a for newer versions).
• ip: Show/manipulate routing, devices, policy routing, and tunnels.
• netstat: Show network connections, routing tables, etc. (use ss for newer versions).
LINUX (ubuntu)
• curl: Transfer data from or to a server.
• wget: Download files from the web.
• ssh: Connect to a remote machine via SSH.
• scp: Copy files over SSH.
• ftp: Transfer files over FTP.
• nmap: Network scanner (requires installation).
• host: DNS lookup utility.
• dig: DNS query tool.
7. File Compression and Archiving:
• tar: Archive files.
• gzip: Compress files using .gz format.
• gunzip: Decompress .gz files.
• bzip2: Compress files using .bz2 format.
• bunzip2: Decompress .bz2 files.
• zip: Compress files using .zip format.
• unzip: Decompress .zip files.
8. Package Management (APT):
• apt-get update: Update the list of available packages.
• apt-get upgrade: Upgrade installed packages.
• apt-get install: Install a new package.
• apt-get remove: Remove a package.
• apt-get purge: Remove a package and its configuration files.
• dpkg -i: Install a .deb package file.
• dpkg -r: Remove a package.
9. Text Processing:
• echo: Display a line of text.
• grep: Search text using patterns.
• sed: Stream editor for filtering and transforming text.
• awk: Pattern scanning and processing language.
• cut: Remove sections from each line of files.
• sort: Sort lines of text files.
LINUX (ubuntu)
• wc: Word, line, and byte count for files.
10. System Maintenance:
• fsck: Check and repair a filesystem.
• mount: Mount a filesystem.
• umount: Unmount a filesystem.
• shutdown: Turn off or restart the system.
• reboot: Restart the system.
• service: Start, stop, or restart services.
• systemctl: Control the systemd system and service manager.
• journalctl: View logs managed by systemd.
