AMITY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, NOIDA (2024-25)

RESOUSCE SHEET-1 CHAPTER- MOTION CLASS- IX

State of Motion :- If an object changes its position with respect to a reference point with passage of time, the
object is said to be in motion.
State of Rest :- When an object does not change its position with respect to a reference point with passage of
time, the object is said to be in rest.
Example – When a vehicle changes its position with respect to an electric pole (a reference point) with elapse of
time, then vehicle is said to be in motion. And if the same vehicle does not change its position with respect to
that electric pole, the vehicle is said to be in the state of rest.Thus to observe the motion of any object; two
things are necessary – a reference point and time.

Reference Point: A fixed point with respect to which the given body changes its position is known as reference
point or origin.
 An object is in motion with respect to one thing but the same object may not be in motion with respect to
another thing. Thus, motion is a relative term.
Types of Motion :-
 When an object moves along a straight line, the motion of the object is called rectilinear motion. For
example : motion of a vehicle along a straight road.
 When an object is moving at a constant distance around a fixed point, the motion of the object is called
circular motion. For example : motion of the moon around earth.
 When an object is moving to and fro about a fixed point, the motion of the object is called
oscillatory/vibratory motion. For example : motion of the wire after plucking it.

Differences Between Distance and Displacement

S.No. DISTANCE DISPLACEMENT

1. It is defined as the actual path covered by a body. It is the shortest path between initial & final points.

2. It is a scalar quantity. It is a vector quantity.

3. It can never be a negative or zero. It can be negative, zero or positive.

Distance can be equal to or greater than

4. displacement. Displacement can be equal to or less than distance.

Total Distance never decreases with time. For a Total Displacement can decrease with time. For a
5. moving body, it is never zero. moving body, it can be zero.
Differences Between Speed and Velocity

S.No. SPEED VELOCITY

1. It is defined as the distance per unit time. It is defined as the displacement per unit time.

2. It is a scalar quantity. It is a vector quantity.

3. Av. speed can never be negative or zero. Av. Velocity can be negative, zero or positive.

4. Speed is velocity without direction. Velocity is directed speed.

5. Av. Speed never decreases with time. For a Av. Velocity can decrease with time. For a moving
 moving body, it is never zero. body, it can be zero.

Uniform Motion- If a body covers equal distances in equal intervals of time, the motion is said to be uniform and
the speed is said to be uniform speed.
Non Uniform Motion- If a body covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time, it is said to be non uniform
motion and is said be moving with non-uniform speed.

Average speed- The ratio of the total distance to the total time taken by the body gives its average speed.
Average speed = Total distance
Total time taken
Instantaneous speed- The speed of a body at a given instant is called its instantaneous speed.

Uniform Velocity- If a body has equal displacements in equal intervals of time, it is said to be moving with
uniform velocity.
Non Uniform Velocity- If the body is moving such that it has unequal displacements in equal interval of time or if
the direction or the magnitude or both of the velocity of a body change it is said to be moving with non-uniform
velocity.
Average velocity- The ratio of the total displacement to the total time taken by the body gives its average
velocity.
Average velocity = Net displacement
Total time taken
• For a body moving with uniform acceleration, the Average velocity = (u + v) / 2
Instantaneous velocity- The velocity of a body at a given instant is called its instantaneous velocity.

Acceleration- The change in velocity in unit time interval is known as acceleration. ‘OR’
2
The rate of change of velocity is called acceleration. Its S.I. unit is m / s and it is a vector quantity.
Acceleration, a = Final velocity - Initial velocity / Time a=v–u/t

Note:- (i) If the velocity of a body increases (v > u), the acceleration is said to be positive.
(ii) If the velocity of a body decreases (v < u), it is said to be negative acceleration or retardation or deceleration.

(i) Uniform Acceleration:- A body is said to be in uniform acceleration when its motion is along a straight line
and its velocity changes by equal magnitude in equal interval of time. Eg-: The motion of a freely falling body , the
motion of a ball rolling down an inclined plane.

(ii) Non-uniform Acceleration:- A body is said to be in non-uniform acceleration when its motion is along a
straight line and its velocity changes by unequal magnitude in equal interval of time. Eg-: movement of a car in a
crowded city road.

Uniform circular motion :- It is described as the motion of an object in a circular path at a constant speed. As an
object moves in a circle, it is constantly changing its direction. At all instances, the object is moving tangent to the
circle. Since the direction of the velocity is the same as the direction of the object's motion, the velocity is
directed tangent to the circle as well. So, the velocity changes constantly. Therefore, it is called an accelerated
motion.