Cloud Computing
Sandeep Bhowmik
Chapter 5
Cloud Computing Services
Cambridge University Press
Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Cloud Computing Services
There are three categories of computing services those people
consume -
Infrastructure Service
Platform Service
Software Application Service
Cloud computing talks about delivering these facilities to
consumers as computing services through network/Internet.
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Cloud Computing Services
Cloud computing offers computing infrastructure, platform
and application, delivered ‘as-a-service’.
These services are referred as –
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Software as a Service (SaaS)
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Cloud Computing Services
IaaS, PaaS and SaaS refer to the delivery of computing
services to consumers over network.
These three service models together is commonly referred as
SPI (for Service-Platform-Infrastructure) model.
Cloud service providers arrange these services for the cloud
consumers.
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Hardware resources in cloud computing are not directly
accessible to users.
The hardware resources are represented as simulated software
components.
These recourses are known as virtual resources or virtual
components.
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
IaaS model provides all hardware components in virtual mode.
It provides the facility of using virtual processor, memory,
storage and network resources to the consumers.
IaaS delivers virtualized-hardware resources to consumers via
network or internet.
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Consumers can use the virtual components just like real
hardware devices.
IaaS is also referred as Hardware as a Service (HaaS).
The consumers no more require managing the underlying
computing infrastructure that they consume as IaaS.
The responsibility of managing the underlying hardware are
outsourced to cloud service provider.
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Consumers can access these virtual hardware resources, on-
demand, anytime from any location over the network.
They can build computers (virtual computers) using those
virtual (or virtualized) hardware components.
Major computing vendors like Amazon, Google, GoGrid,
RackSpace provide IaaS facility.
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
IaaS component stack
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Cloud vendors deliver customized and readymade virtual
machines via IaaS offering.
Example of popular server environments -
Amazon EC2
Google Compute Engine
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
A computing platform comprises of the hardware resources,
operating system, middleware (if required) and runtime
libraries.
Platform means the underlying system on which software
applications can be installed (and also developed).
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Application development and deployment in traditional
computing requires users’ participation in managing hardware,
operating system, middleware, web servers, and other
components.
PaaS facility on the other hand, relives users from all these
headaches.
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
PaaS component stack additionally provides application
(development and deployment) platform over IaaS component
stack.
Thus, PaaS is created by adding additional layers of software
over IaaS.
PaaS model lets the users focus only on development and
deployment of application, without the headache of arranging
and managing the underlying hardware and software.
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
PaaS component stack
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Popular PaaS offerings –
Google App Engine
Microsoft Azure Platform
GoGrid CloudCenter
Force.com
Thus, PaaS is created by adding additional layers of software
over IaaS.
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
PaaS-IaaS Integration
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Software as a Service (SaaS)
SaaS is a way of delivering application as-a-service, over the
Internet/network.
Users can directly use the software without the headache of
installing or configuring an application.
It also relieve consumers from the responsibility of arranging
the infrastructure and platform.
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Customers do not need to buy software licenses or any
additional computing resources to support application.
Users can access applications against some rental fee on use
basis.
SaaS applications are sometimes referred as web-based
software, or hosted software.
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Software as a Service (SaaS)
In SaaS model, everything is managed by vendor including
application upgrade or updates.
SaaS is built by adding layers over PaaS component stack .
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Software as a Service (SaaS)
SaaS component stack
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Software as a Service (SaaS)
SaaS was the first to mature among the cloud services.
The CRM (Customer Relationship Management) package of
Salesforce.com gained popularity among enterprises from
early 2000.
Example of popular SaaS –
Google Apps
Microsoft Office 365
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Software as a Service (SaaS)
SaaS-PaaS Integration
PaaS and SaaS integration is supported by the topmost
component of PaaS stack, which is runtime.
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Service Abstraction
The level of service abstraction raises when moved from IaaS
towards SaaS.
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Service Abstraction
At the IaaS level, consumers have full freedom of building
computing infrastructure (in virtual mode) from a set of
available options.
In PaaS level, the abstraction intensifies. The underlying
virtual infrastructure of IaaS level remains hidden from the
consumers.
At SaaS level, consumers remain unaware even about an
application’s technology.
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
The SPI model
The three service models SaaS-PaaS-IaaS together is referred
as the SPI model.
Each service layer is empowered by the capabilities of the
service layer(s) beneath it.
PaaS is empowered by IaaS layer, and SaaS is empowered
with the potentials of underlying IaaS and PaaS layers.
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
The SPI model
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Traditional System vs. Cloud System Model
• In traditional computing environment, anyone working at some
layer of this stack will have to take the responsibility of
managing all the underlying layers.
• In cloud computing, users’ responsibility (of managing the
environment) decreases as they move from IaaS towards SaaS.
• The degree of abstraction is highest at the SaaS level, where
consumers can use applications without bothering about
anything underlying.
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Hosted Application vs. SaaS
• All applications delivered using web-services are not SaaS.
• A hosted application can only be treated as SaaS, if that holds
the basic attributes of cloud computing model.
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Application Service Provider
• Application Service Provider (ASP) of the 1990s was the first
attempt for Internet-delivery of software, but comparatively that
was more similar to the traditional application model.
• In ASP model applications are also delivered through web.
• But, it can’t be termed as software-as-a-service offering.
• SaaS extends the idea from the ASP model.
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
ASP model vs. SaaS model
Application Service Provider
Software as a Service (SaaS)
(ASP)
In SaaS model the
ASPs are generally not
Application providers are the
the developer of the
development developer of the
applications they host.
applications.
Deployment Service providers of the
ASPs deploy and
and application themselves
manage applications.
management manages everything.
One deployment can be
Applications are
used by a single
Multi- designed to be used in
consumer or
tenancy multi-tenant
organization only. Multi-
environment.
tenancy is not supported.
Delivers scalable
Applications can’t grow
applications, which can
Scalability or shrink with demand.
grow or shrink with
They are not scalable.
changing demand.
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
ASP model vs. SaaS model
Application Service Provider
Software as a Service (SaaS)
(ASP)
ASPs are dependent on Providers are the owner
the commercial owner of of the applications, and
Customization
application for any hence customization is
customization. easier.
ASPs may not have SaaS providers are
Domain much domain specialists in their
knowledge knowledge of respective application
application they host. domains.
Incur less cost than the More economic because
Economy of
traditional on-premises of the multi-tenancy and
cost
application model. scaling ability.
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Other Category of Cloud Services
• Apart from the three primary cloud services, computing vendors
deliver many specialized cloud services.
• These are considered as special services under the three primary
cloud services.
• All these new "<Something> as a Service" fall into the category
of XaaS (pronounced ‘zass’).
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Other Category of Cloud Services
• Security Management-as-a-Service
• Identity Management-as-a-Service (IDaaS)
• Storage-as-a-Service
• Database-as-a-Service
• Backup-as-a-Service (BaaS)
• Compliance-as-a-Service
• Desktop-as-a-Service
• Monitoring-as-a-Service
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Open Cloud Services
• During its initial days, all cloud computing services were
proprietary.
• Services ware developed and offered by companies like
Salesforce, Amazon , Google, Microsoft.
• As time passed, open source communities came up with their
own solutions.
• Open source cloud community generally focuses on private
cloud computing arena.
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Open Cloud Services
• Different open source technologies have mostly powered these
open cloud services.
• Few open-source cloud solutions –
• Eucalyptus - an open source Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS) facility for building private or hybrid cloud
computing environment. It is a linux-based development.
• OpenNebula - an open source Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS) implementation for building public, private and
hybrid clouds.
• Nebula – an open source cloud computing platform that
was developed by NASA.
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Open Cloud Services
• Nimbus - an open source IaaS cloud solution compatible
with Amazon’s cloud services.
• OpenStack - a free and open-source IaaS solution. In July
2010, U.S. based IaaS cloud service provider
Rackspace.com and NASA jointly launched it.
• Apache CloudStack - an open source IaaS cloud solution.
• Enomaly ECP – an IaaS facility.
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Chapter 5 Cloud Computing Services
Thank You
Cloud Computing; Sandeep Bhowmik @ Cambridge University Press
