Faculty of Computing and Information Technology

Course: System Analysis and Design

lecturer / Mohammed Al-dowail

2024/2025

1
 Evaluation

 Project 20%
 Quiz and Participate 10%
 Mid-Term Exam 20%
 Final Exam 50%

 Total 100%

2
The Systems Development Environment

3
 Introduction

Information Systems Analysis and Design

 Complex organizational process
 Used to develop and maintain computer-based information systems
 Used by a team of business and systems professionals
Step-by-step process for developing high-quality information systems

5
 Introduction (Cont.)

An organizational approach to systems analysis and design is driven by methodologies, techniques, and tools.

6
 Introduction (Cont.)

Application Software
 Computer software designed to support organizational functions or processes

Systems Analyst
Organizational role most responsible for analysis and design of information systems.

Translate business requirements into practical IS projects to meet needs.

The systems analyst is a key person analyzing the business, identifying the
problems and opportunities for improvement, and designing information systems.

7
 Analytical Skills for Systems Analysis

Five Sets of Analytical Skills:

 Systems Thinking
 Organizational Knowledge

 Problem Identification

 Problem Analyzing and Solving

 Communication skills

8
 Developing Information Systems

 System Development Methodology : Is a standard process followed in

an organization to conduct all the steps necessary to analyze, design,
implement, and maintain information systems.

9
 Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

 Traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems

The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is the process of determining how an information
system (IS) can support business needs, designing the system, building it, and delivering it to
users.

 Phases in SDLC:
Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Maintenance

10
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

Systems development life cycle 11

 Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) (Cont.)

 Planning – The first phase of the SDLC in which an organization’s total information system
needs are identified, analyzed, prioritized, and arranged.
 Analysis – The second phase of the SDLC in which system requirements are studied and
structured
 Design – The third phase of the SDLC in which the description of the recommended solution
is converted into logical and then physical system specifications.
 Logical design – The part of the design phase of the SDLC in which all functional features of
the system chosen for development in analysis are described independently of any computer
platform.
 Physical design- The part of the design phase of the SDLC in which the logical specifications of
the system from logical design are transformed into technology-specific details from which all
programming and system construction can be accomplished. 12
 Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) (Cont.)

 Implementation – The fourth phase of the SDLC, in which the information system is
coded, tested, installed, and supported in the organization.
 Maintenance – The final phase of the SDLC, in which an information system is
systematically repaired and improved

13
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) (Cont.)

14
 The Heart of the Systems Development Process

The heart of systems development

Current practice combines analysis, design, and implementation into a single iterative and parallel
process of activities.
16
 Traditional Waterfall SDLC

One phase begins when another completes, with little backtracking and looping.

Traditional waterfall SDLC

17
 Problems with Waterfall Approach

Feedback ignored
Limited user involvement (only in requirements phase)
Too much focus on deadlines of SDLC phases to the detriment of sound
development practices

18
 Different Approaches to Improving Development

 Prototyping
 CASE Tools
 Joint Application Design (JAD)
 Rapid Application Development (RAD)
 Agile Methodologies

19
 Prototyping

Iterative development process:

Requirements quickly converted to a working system
System is continually revised
Close collaboration between users and analysts 20
 Computer-Aided Software Engineering
(CASE) Tools
 Diagramming tools enable graphical representation.

 Computer displays and report generators help prototype -how systems “look and feel”.

 Used to support or automate activities throughout the systems development life cycle (SDLC)

 Increase productivity

 Analysis tools automatically check for consistency in diagrams, forms, and reports.

 Example products: Oracle Designer, Rational Rose.

21
CASE Tools (Cont.)

22
CASE Tools (Cont.)

23
 Joint Application Design (JAD)

 Structured process involving users, analysts, and managers

 Several-day intensive workgroup sessions
 Purpose: to specify or review system requirements

24
 Rapid Application Development (RAD)

 Methodology to decrease design and implementation time

 Involves: extensive user involvement, prototyping, integrated CASE tools,
code generators

RAD life cycle

25
 Agile Methodologies

Are the newest development

Emphasize continuous feedback

Iterative development

26
 Agile Methodologies (Cont.)

 When to use Agile Methodologies

If your project involves:

 Unpredictable or dynamic requirements

Customers who understand the process and will get involved

27
 Summary

 In this chapter you learned how to:

Define information systems analysis and design.

Describe the information Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).

Explain Prototyping and Joint Application Design (JAD).

Explain Rapid Application Development (RAD), Computer Aided Software

Engineering (CASE).

Describe agile methodologies.

31