Make a cheat sheet for sql from beginner to expert:-
(FOR BOTH DATA SCIENCE AND ANALYTICS)
• Getting Started:-
-Understand the basic structure and syntax of sql queries.
-Familiarize yourself with commonly used database management systems
like MySQL,PostgreSQL,and Oracle.
-Learn how to connect to a database using SQL.
• Retrieving Data:-
-Use the SELECT statement to retrieve data from one or more tables.
-Specify columns using the SELECT clause.
-Filter rows using the WHERE clause.
-Sort data using the ORDER BY clause.
-Limit the number of rows returned using the LIMIT clause.
• Filtering and Sorting:-
-Use comparison operators (e.g..,=,<>,<,>)to filter data.
-Combine multiple conditions using logical operators(e.g..,AND,OR).
-Perform pattern matching using the LIKE operator and wildcards(% and
_).
-Sort data in ascending or descending order using the ORDER BY clause.
• Modifying Data:-
-Insert new records using the INSERT statement.
-Update existing records using the UPDATE statement.
-Delete records using the DELETE statement.
• Joining Tables:-
-Understand different types of joins:INNER JOIN,LEFT JOIN,RIGHT
JOIN, and FULL JOIN.
-Specifiy join conditions using the ON keyword.
-Combine multiple tables based on common columns.
• Aggregating Data:-
-Use aggregate functions like SUM,AVG,COUNT,MIN and MAX to
perform calculations on groups of data.
-Group data using the GROUP BY clause.
-Filter groups using the HAVING clause.
• Working with Functions:-
-Utilize builtin functions like DATE,TIME,CONCAT,SUBSTRING,and
CASE.
-Create user-defined functions to perform custom calculations.
-Use scalar functions to manipulate individual values.
-Apply aggregate functions to summarize data.
• Creating and modifying Tables:-
-Create tables using the CREATE TABLE statement.
-Define column names,data types,and constraints.
-Alter existing tables using the ALTER TABLE command.
-Add,modify,or delete columns and constraints.
• Indexing and Optimization:-
-Create indexes on columns to improve query performance.
-Understand the importance of primary keys and foreign keys.
-Use EXPLAIN or EXPLAIN ANALYZE to anlayze query execution
plans.
-Optimize queries by rewriting or restructing them.
• Views and Subqueries:-
-Create views to store complex queries and simplify data retrieval.
-Use subqueries to nest one query inside another.
-Apply subqueries for advanced filtering,sorting,and joining.
• Transaction and Concurrency:-
-Understand the concept of transactions and their importance in maintaing
data integrity.
-Use transaction control statements(BEGIN,COMMIT,ROLLBACK) to
manage data modifications.
-Handle concurrent access and avoid data conflicts.
• Security and User Management:-
-Create users and grant appropriate permissions.
-Control access to tables,views, and databases.
-Implement security measures like encryption and authentications.
