Computer Networking and Multimedia Basics - Class 9 Summary
1. Computer Networking
Definition of Networking: A computer network is a group of interconnected computers that share
resources and communicate with each other.
Types of Networks:
1. LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small area like a home, school, or office. Example: Sharing
files within an office.
2. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Spans a city or a large campus. Example: Cable TV networks
in a city.
3. WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers a large geographical area, connecting multiple LANs or
MANs. Example: The Internet.
Components of a Network:
- Nodes: Devices like computers and printers connected to the network.
- Network Interface Card (NIC): Hardware that allows devices to connect to a network.
- Switch/Hub: Connects multiple devices within a network.
- Router: Connects different networks and routes data.
- Cables/Wireless Media: Mediums for data transfer (e.g., Ethernet cables, Wi-Fi).
Types of Transmission Media:
1. Wired Media: Examples: Twisted Pair Cables, Coaxial Cables, Fiber Optic Cables.
2. Wireless Media: Examples: Radio waves, Infrared, Microwaves, Satellite communication.
Network Topologies:
- Bus Topology: Single cable connects all devices.
- Star Topology: Devices are connected to a central hub.
- Ring Topology: Devices are connected in a circular fashion.
- Mesh Topology: Every device is connected to every other device.
Protocols:
- Definition: Rules that govern data communication.
- Common protocols: TCP/IP, HTTP/HTTPS, FTP, SMTP.
Uses of Networking: Sharing resources like files and printers, communication through email or
messaging, accessing the Internet.
2. Multimedia Basics
Definition of Multimedia: Multimedia combines different types of content (text, audio, images,
animation, and video) for communication or presentation.
Components of Multimedia:
1. Text: Most basic form of multimedia. Example: Titles, captions, and labels in presentations.
2. Audio: Sound elements like music, narration, or effects. File formats: MP3, WAV.
3. Images: Static visuals. File formats: JPEG, PNG, GIF.
4. Animation: Moving graphics or images. Example: Flash animations.
5. Video: Moving visuals with sound. File formats: MP4, AVI.
Types of Multimedia:
1. Linear Multimedia: Content plays in a fixed sequence, like a movie.
2. Non-Linear Multimedia: Interactive content where users control the flow, like websites or video
games.
Applications of Multimedia:
1. Education: E-learning platforms, interactive lessons.
2. Entertainment: Movies, games, and music videos.
3. Business: Advertising, presentations, product demonstrations.
4. Healthcare: Training simulations, medical imaging.
5. Web Design: Websites with interactive elements.
Multimedia File Formats:
- Text: TXT, DOC, PDF.
- Audio: MP3, WAV, AAC.
- Image: JPEG, PNG, BMP.
- Video: MP4, MKV, AVI.
- Animation: SWF, GIF.
