Vvvbbvbvb

MODULES
in
SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY
AND SOCIETY
PREPARED BY: Mrs. Antifas B. Llagas
 Preface
This book on Science, Technology and Society, is designed in line with CHED MEMO NO. 20, series of 2013. As
an instructional tool, it is meant “engage students to confront realities brought about by Science, Technology
and Society.”
This course consists of 6 chapter namely…..
(PRELIM)
Chapter 1 General Concepts and Historical Developments
Lesson 1 Historical Antecedents which changed the course of Science and Technology
Lesson 2 Science and technology and Its Role in Nation Building
Lesson 3 Government Laws, Policies, Plans and Projects Pertaining to Science and Technology
(MIDTERM)
Chapter 2 Science, Technology and Society and the Human Conditions
Lesson 1 The Human Flourishing in Terms of Science and Technology
Lesson 2 Technology as a way of revealing
Lesson 3 The good life

(PRE-FINAL)
Chapter 3 Specific Issues in STS
Lesson 1 The Information Age
Lesson 2 Genetically Modified Organism (GMOs) and Gene Therapy
Lesson 3 Biodiversity and Healthy Society
Lesson 4 The Nano World
(FINAL)
Chapter 4 Climate Change and Energy Crisis
Chapter 5 Alternative Energy Resources
Disclaimer
All available content on this module is for distance learning and education purposes only. I do not own any of the
information and other intellectual property rights in all text, images and other material in this module. All references
are cited at the end of this module.
 Chapter 1
General Concepts and Historical Developments

Lesson 1: Historical Antecedents Which Changed the Course of Science and Technology.

Introduction
It is fact that science and technology impacts all aspects of our lives. Science and technology is associated in all
means with modernity and is considered as an essential for rapid development. The state of science and
technology determines the socio-economic progress of a country. A country who is not able to implement
science and technology would not progress and reap the benefits of development.

Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, the learners will be able to;
a. demonstrate appreciation for the development in science and technology,
b. write their impression on the current science education in the Philippines,
c. Describe how science and technology evolved during each period in history.

INITIAL Answer the simple question. Provide your answer in the conceptual map.

What is
science?

Readings

A. History of Science and Technology in the World: Ancient, Middle and Modern Ages
- Science and technology can be traced from the origin of human life 2 million years ago and each era has
significant advancement.
- Human artifacts are the earliest form of science and technology which found during prehistoric time about 2.3
million years ago. They were roughly shaped stones used for chopping and scraping, found primarily in Eastern
Africa.
-Some of the earliest records of science such as disease, symptoms, chemical substances and astronomical
observations were some of the evidence emerging science that came from Mesopotamia cultures around 400.
B.C.
- During the same period Some of the mathematical calculations such as angles, rectangles, and triangles and
the volume of the portion of a pyramid and the information on the treatment of wounds and diseases have been
around for thousands of years in the Nile Valley of Egypt.
- From 300 to 400 B.C there was a rise in the number of philosophers who wrote topics on psychology, biology,
and a host of other topics. There was Euclid, the founder of modern geometry, Archimedes, the founder of
engineering mechanics and calculated a value for pi which is still used to this very day.
 Bronze Age (300 B.C)
-300 B.C gave rise to the Bronze Age in the search for findings pigments used to color the human skin,
copper was discovered, then it was realized that alloying copper with tin resulted bronze which in those
days were used to make swords and other weapons.

 By 3500 B.C IN Mesopotamia, two wheeled carts had been created and it became the most frequently used
mode of transporting heavy goods from one place to another.
 Urbanization is the development of large city, and the first city popped around 3000 B.C. In Egypt during
this same time, the first pyramid was built. Pyramid are undoubtedly the most outstanding development in
science and technology and are still a marvel up to the present.

 During the Middle Ages (450-1450AD) gave birth to many scientific and technological development. Also
during Middle Ages (often called Dark Ages), warfare had improved tremendously.

 The Renaissance Era (1450-1600 A.D)

-A period known as rebirth city.

In Germany, Gutenberg developed the printing press which resulted in

books being printed instead of huge volume of texts being hand written.

https://www.google.com/url?
sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org
%2Fwiki
%2FJohannes_Gutenberg&psig=AOvVaw2u
v4L1DZEk9DDkEdWmLRfO&ust=160971833
6837000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0C
AIQjRxqFwoTCNDusqC6_u0CFQAAAAAdAA
AAABAD
 - In Italy, Leonardo da Vinci, a great pioneer in Arts, Architecture,
Engineering and science, stressed the importance of experiment.
- Leonardo da Vinci produced a vast series of notebooks with
observations on anatomy, cloud formation, plans for sites,
military inventions, tanks, flying machines and submarines.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fartist%2Fleonardo-da-
vinci&psig=AOvVaw3MfuBoU5aFmzxbE3w3cNxE&ust=1609718084599000&source=images&cd=vfe&v
ed=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCJikrqq5_u0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

Copernicus rediscovered what some of the ancient Greeks had

known that the sun was at the center of the solar system and
that the earth revolves around it.
 https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F
%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki
%2FNicolaus_Copernicus&psig=AOvVaw1he9RZWpBFVj-
i_pmEjQKK&ust=1609718622698000&source=images&cd=vfe&v
ed=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCMDqnKq7_u0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

 The era also gave way to geographic discovery beginning with the inventions of the triangle sail and the
magnetic compass. This aided Prince Henry, the navigator, to travel around south Africa, Portugal, to reach
India. It was around the same time Columbus discovered the Americas.

Modern Science and Technology around 1600 A.D

Galileo was a natural philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician who made

fundamental contributions to the sciences of motion, astronomy, and strength of
materials and to the development of the scientific method. He also made
revolutionary telescopic discoveries, including the four largest moons of Jupiter.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A
%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki
%2FGalileo_Galilei&psig=AOvVaw3nvFLNM9Bz0Aei
OsYRoubk&ust=1609719446180000&source=image
s&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCKjxlrG-
_u0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

Isaac Newton was born in 1642. He helped define the laws

of gravity and planetary motion, co-founded calculus, and
explained the laws of light and color

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com
%2Fnews%2F9-things-you-may-not-know-about-isaac-
newton&psig=AOvVaw25_JfJcgWmFhm2afbI7XIo&ust=1609719712417000
&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCOjr97G__u0CFQAAAAAdAA
AAABAD

Albert Einstein became the most famous scientific of the 20th century.
His work had profound impact on everything from quantum theory to
nuclear power and the atom bomb, and came up also with the famous
equation e=mc2 used in calculus.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F15524-
albert-
einstein.html&psig=AOvVaw3FKEpiditCpznICLwTSzrG&ust=1609719913605000&sour
ce=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCODe8pHA_u0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

SPANISH COLONIAL
PERIOD

 Science and Technology growth under the colonization of the Philippines. Formal education and
founded scientific institutions were introduced by the Spaniards. During the early years of
Spanish rule in the Philippines, Parish schools were established where religion, reading, writing,
arithmetic and music was taught. The Spaniards were taught the native about sanitation and more
advanced methods of agriculture. They also established colleges and universities in the
archipelago including University of Santo Tomas.
 The study of medicine was given priority in the Philippines. In 1897, the schools of medicine and
pharmacy was opened at the University of Santo Tomas. It also contributed to the field of
engineering in the islands by constructing government buildings, churches, roads, bridges and
forts.
 In 1865 the Jesuits promoted meteorological studies and founded the Manila Observatory at the
Ateneo Municipal de Manila.

AMERICAN PERIOD AND

POST COMMONWEALTH
ERA

 The progress of science and technology continued under American rule. On July 1, 1909, the
Philippine Commission established the Bureau of Government Laboratories which was placed
under the Department of Interior.
 The Bureau replaced the Laboratorio Municipal which was established during the Spanish era.
 On October 26, 1905, the Bureau of Government Laboratories was replaced by the Bureau of
Science The Bureau dealt with the study of tropical diseases.
 Science during the American period was inclined towards agriculture, food processing,
forestry, medicine, and pharmacy.

Science Education in
the Philippines
 Science is important to everyone. School science education should support the development of scientific
literacy in all students as well as motivate them to pursue careers in science, technology, and
engineering.
 Science is useful because of its links to technology and industry, which from a national perspective, are
areas of high priority for development. It develops student scientific inquiry schools, values, and
attitudes, such as objectively, curiosity, and honesty and habits of mind including critical thinking.
 The new science program decongests the competencies and arranges them in spiral progression. While
in the old curriculum, a specific discipline is being offered per grade level such that general science is
offered in the first year, biology in the second year, chemistry in the third year and physics for the fourth
year. In the k-12 program the different disciplines in science which are life science, chemistry, physics
and earth science are incorporated in every level. In terms of instruction, the science program shifts from
traditional methods of teaching to a more innovative exploration that emphasizes the enhancement of the
students’ critical thinking and scientific skills.

Activity
1.1

Flow chart. Create a flow chart to show how science and technology evolved during each period
in history.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

Activity
TH
1.2

Think pair and share.

Give your own impression on the current science education in the Philippines.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Activity
1.3

Round robin. Form smaller groups of 5 members.

Find out what concrete products in science you see in the society today.
 ____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Final
task

Journal reflection.
Prepare a personal written report on you own reaction/impression of our life today with the advancement
in science and technology.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

LESSON 2 Science and Technology and Its Role in Nation Building

Introduction
The role that science and technology has played in improving the life conditions across the globes is vivid, but
the benefit has to been harvested maximum by all countries. Science and Technology brought progress not only
in our country but in the entire world.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to:
a. discuss the importance of Science and Technology;
b. explain what Science and Technology do;
c. draw a society or world without science and technology; and
d. present reasons for their drawing.

INITIAL TASK
Directions: Answer the question below.

How does Science and Technology help the society?

Readings
Science and Technology Defined
-The words science and technology can and often are used interchangeably.
-According to Oxford Advanced Learners’ Dictionary, 11th Edition), science is the intellectual and practical
activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world
through observation and experiment.
- technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes (Oxford).
- The goal of science is the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake while the goal of technology is to create
products that solve problems and improve human life. Simply put, technology is the practical application of
science.

Importance of Science and Technology to National Development

- Development at any phase is always linked with technology and technology happens when there is
advancement in science. The greatest example of the implementation of science and technology in every nation
is the modernization in aspects of life.
- Japan, Russia, Brazil, China are few examples of countries which have a strong base in science and
technology that developed faster.
- It is estimated by the World Bank that seven of the ten largest economies of the world by 2020 would be in
Asia, China, Japan, India, Thailand, Indonesia, South Korea, and Taiwan. A few decades ago, these countries
were known to have poor policies, low discipline and no advancement and then with the introduction of science
and technology in an effective manner, they have made ripples across the globe.
(ourarticlelibrary.com/technology/importance-of-science-and-technology-in-national-development-essay/8563/)

The role that science and technology has played in improving the life of people across the globe is vivid and has
made life a lot easier and a lot better with the advancement in medicine, remarkable development in education,
communication, agriculture, business and industry.
Importance of Science and Technology
Here are what Science and Technology do for us:
 It helps us save time and money
 Education
 Internet
 Provides us devices for comfortable sleeping, quick cooking and fast commute
  It helps us live a better life.

Impact of Technology on Society

 Technology has improved transportation
 Technology has improved communication
 The world Wide Web
 Technology has improved education and the learning process.
The Role of Science and Technology in Nation-Building
-It is well-established fact that science and technology impacts all aspects of our lives as well as the planet we
live on. The changes induced by science and technology have for the most part benefited mankind although
there is many a case
where It helps us save Education Internet It helps us live a science and
time and money better life
technology based
innovations have
been used for the
detriment of
mankind,
pursued for
either wealth and power or both. It is the responsibly of all concerned to ensure the science and technology is
used widely to benefit mankind (Ratnasiri, 2006)
- Science and technology has been one of the main driving forces of the economic growth of nations. Most
developed countries have generated new technologies with potential to result in dynamic economic
performance. This however has not been the case with most of the developing countries and their
developmental plans have not given emphasis and importance to science and technology and in particular to
research in the science and technology aspects.
- Countries like India, South Korea, and Taiwan in the region have achieved much through science and
technology and stand out as having demonstrated the absolute importance of science and technology for
economic growth. These countries are example for the developing countries. The impact of technology on
society without doubt is going to be even more marked in the future.

Activity

2.1 Think /pair and share. Choose a partner to complete the given chart below.

Directions: Explain what Science and Technology do for us. Fill up the matrix below.
 Final Task

Collage Making:

Create a collage to show what you think society or the world would be without science and technology.
In one paragraph, present your reasons for your collage.

Government Laws, Policies, Plans and Projects Pertaining to

LESSON 3
Science and Technology.

Introduction

Philippines is a developing country meaning the status of science and technology in our country
is still below par when compared with other countries. Therefore, it is important to enact more laws and
strengthen existing ones to improve science and technology including research and development
country.

Learning Outcomes
 At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to:
a. describe the science and technology environment from 1986-2016;
b. prepare a listing brief explanations of government policies in relation to the development and
functions of science and technology;
c.write a personal reaction to a major accomplishment of the Dueterte administration on its plan for
development.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENT FROM 1986 to 2016

President Corazon Cojuangco Aquino highlighted the importance of science and technology in achieving
economic progress. She helped establish the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) which formulated
the Science and Technology Master Plan 1991-2000. At that time, the Philippines aimed to be a Newly
Industrialized Country (NIC).
Succeeding presidents have had their fair share of policies geared towards improving the sector. President Fidel
V. Ramos introduced laws on inventors’ incentives and science and technology scholarships while President
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo adopted policies focusing on a national innovation system and promoted
technological entrepreneurship under the Medium-Term Development Plan 2004-2010.
The most recent National Science and Technology Plan 2002-2020 is largely focused on building technological
self – reliance. Meanwhile, the Harmonized Agenda for science and technology presented to President Benigno
Aquino in 2014 highlighted two critical issues: Inclusive growth and disaster risk reduction.

GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND LAWS PERTAINING TO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

To improve and strengthen science and technology including research development, it is necessary that
government enact laws. Several laws have been enacted by congress since 1958 to present. They are as follows:
 R.A. 2067 – “Science Act of 1958” – an Act to integrate, Coordinate and Intensify Scientific and
Technological Research and Development and To Foster Invention To Provide Funds Therefore and for
other Purposes.
 R.A. 3589 – An act Amending RA2067 Modifying the National Science Development Board, National
Institute of Science and Technology, and the Philippines Atomic Energy Commissions, Extending Tax
Exemptions, Privileges and grants, Requests and Donations for Scientific Purposes to Private
Educational Institutions and for other purposes enacted June 22, 1963.
 R.A. 5207 – An Act Providing for the Licensing and Regulations of Atomic Energy Facilities and
Materials, Establishing the Rules of Liability for Nuclear Damage and For other Purposes.
 Presidential Decree No. 49, s.1972 established the Philippines Atmospheric, Geophysical and
Astronomical Services (PAGASA). Its function was to provide environmental protection and to utilize
scientific knowledge to ensure the safety of the people.
 Presidential Decree N. 334, s 1973 created the Philippine National Oil Company to promote industrial
and economic development through effective and efficient use of energy resources.
 R.A. 8749 – The Philippines Clean Air Act of 1999 was enacted by congress on June 23, 1999 to protect
and preserve the environment and ensure the sustainable development of its natural resources.
 R.A. 8792 – An act Providing for the Recognition and use of Electronic Commercial and Non-
Commercial Transactions and Documents, penalties for Unlawful Use Thereof and For Other Purposes
passed in June 15, 2000.
  R.A. 9367 – “Biofuels Act of 2006” – An Act to Direct the Use of Biofuels, Establishing for this
Purpose the Biofuel Program, Appropriating Funds Therefore, And For Other Purposes.
 R.A 9513 – “The Renewable Act of 2008” was passed by Congress to accelerate the development of the
country’s reneable energy resources by providing fiscal and non-fiscal incentives to private investors
and equipment manufacturers/fabricators/suppliers.
 R.A. 10175 – Philippine Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 passed September 12, 2012. An Act
Defining Cybercrime, Providing for the Prevention, Investigation, Suppression and the Imposition of
Penalties Therefore and for other Purposes.
 R.A. 10612 – An Act Expanding the Coverage of the Science and Technology Scholarship Program and
Strengthening the Teaching of Science and Mathematics in Secondary Schools and For Other Purposes.
 R.A 10844 – An Act Creating the Department of Information and Communication Technology (DICT)
Which was signed into law on May 23, 2016.

Activity
Round3.1
robin

Round robin. Form a smaller group with 5 or 6 members. Each member will write his/her answer
within the time limit given. The group will use only one paper as their answer sheet. The group who gets
the highest points for giving correct answers is the winner.
Prepare a listing with brief explanation of government policies in relation to the development and functions of
science and technology.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
 Activity
3.2

Surf Net..Research about the status of Science and Technology and Plans for Development under the
present government..

FINAL
TASK

Jigsaw puzzle: Form a group with at least 4 members. Present to this group your individual findings in
your Sur Net activity. Present your consolidated answers in a matrix showing the concrete manifestations
of the role that science and technology local, regional and national citing yhe specific contribution. Its
benefits and outcomes.

CHAPTER 2
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY AND THE HUMAN CONDITION

LESSON 1 The Human Flourishing in Terms of Science and Technology

.
Introduction
Every living creature is meant to become what it is meant to be. The caterpillar is meant to become a beautiful
butterfly; a small seed into a full-grown herb, bush or tree; and a human baby into a mature a person, the person
“who is fully alive, the glory of God” in the words of St. Irenaeus. (Corpuz, 2015)
Lesson Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to:
a. define human flourishing;
b. differentiate western and eastern philosophy about human flourishing; and
c. cite the importance of Human flourishing.

Preliminary Activity

1. What is happiness?
2. what is/are your goal/s in life?
3. How can you achieve your goal/s?
4. Who are the people you need to achieve your goal/s with?

READINGS

What is happiness?
- In psychology, happiness is a mental or emotional state of well-being which can be defined by, among
others, positive or pleasant emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy.
- To behaviorist, happiness is a cocktail of emotions we experience when we do something good or
positive.
- To neurologists, happiness is the experience of a flood of hormones released in the brain as a reward
for behavior that prolongs survival.

Hedonistic
 The view of well-being is that happiness is the polar opposite of suffering; the presence of happiness
indicates the absence of pain. Because of this, hedonists believe that the purpose of life is to maximize
happiness, which minimizes misery.

Eudaimonia
- A term that combines the Greek words for “good” and “spirit” to describe the ideology. Eudaimonia
defines happiness as the pursuit of becoming a better person. Eudaimonists do this by challenging themselves
intellectually or by engaging in activities that make them spiritually richer people.
- “good spirited”
- coined by Aristotle
- describe the pinnacle of happiness that is attainable by humans
- “human flourishing”
- human flourishing arises as a result of different components such as
Phronesis
Friendship
Wealth
Power
 In Ancient Greek society, they believe that acquiring these will surely bring the seekers happiness,
which in effect allows them to partake in the greater notion of what we call the Good.
 As time changes, elements that comprise human flourishing changed.
 People found means to live more comfortably, explore more places, develop more products, and make
more money.

 Eastern VS Western conception regarding society and human flourishing

EASTERN CONCEPTION WESTERN CONCEPTION
 Focus is community –centric  More focused on the individual
 Individual should sacrifice himself for the  Human flourishing as an end
sake of society  Aristotelian view
 Chinese Confucian system  Aims for eudaimonia as the ultimate good
 Japanese Bushido 
 Encourage studies of literature, sciences,
and art for a greater cause.

(Do the following to ensure mastery of the big ideas presented in this module)

Activity
2.1.1
3-2-1 activity. Give 3 things you have learned today. Two things you still would like to learn and 1 question
you have after the discussion.
Meaning of human flourishing
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

Activity
2.1.2

Venn Diagram to show two different philosophies of human flourishing.

Differentiate Eastern and Western Philosophy in terms of human flourishing.
 Human
Flourishing

Evaluation

Roleplay: Form smaller groups of 5 or 6 members. Show through a role play how can a person achieve
human flourishing.
How will you achieve Human Flourishing?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

Technology as a Way of Revealing

LESSON 2
.
Introduction
Science is a voyage of exploration just to find out how things work and it’s really interesting because it is an
ongoing and endless process. People tend to look for the betterment of their lives each and everday. The
longer the people explore science, the more the people become curious that science itself cannot answer its
own questions. Where did we come from? Are we alone in this universe? Can we ever make humans better
with science for their happiness? Why does something exist rather than nothing? Why are we here? These
questions are yet to be answered scientifically. (Science, Technology and Society)

Objectives
At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to:
a. present one historical development in technology;
b. apply the steps of scientific method in solving problem;
c. prepare a Concept Map about their reflection in the documentary film entitled “The Magician’s twin: CS
Lewis and the case against Scientism.” and the article Concerning Technology by Martin Heidegger.

Preliminary Activity

What is technology? How do we think about it? What does it

Mean to us?

READINGS

Science as Method
Science is an organized way of studying things and finding answers to questions. Scientific method is an
approach to seeking knowledge that involves forming and testing hypothesis. This methodology is used to
answer questions in a wide variety of disciplines. In school, this method is taught in the earlier grade level.
Though the number of steps is different, it presents a general view of how to solve problems:
1. Observe and identify using your senses that unexplainable occurrences around you.
2. Identify the problem and identify the possible factors involved.
3. Formulate hypothesis that could explain the said occurrences. Ideally, the goal is to reject the null hypothesis
and accept the alternative hypothesis for the study to be significant and beneficial to the society.
4. Conduct experiment by setting up dependent and independent variables and see how the independent
variables affects the dependent variables.
5.Gather and analyze the data once your experiment is complete. Collect your measurements and analyze them
to see if they support your hypothesis or not. Accept or reject the hypothesis or modify the hypothesis if
necessary.
6. Formulate conclusion and provide recommendation in case others would like to extend and broaden the study
you have conducted.

Why are Diversity and Collaboration in the Scientific Community Important towards Human
Flourishing?

Science as a social endeavor

The following are the importance of diversity and collaboration in the scientific community towards human
flourishing.
1. Collaboration and diversity balance possible biases.
- Scientist benefits from other scientists and practitioners with different sets of beliefs, cultural
background, and values to balance out the possible biases that might happen if science were practiced by a
small group of humanity.
2. Diversity and collaboration stimulate problem solving.
- Science benefits greatly from a community. Problems arise from different sectors of society. A diverse
community is better able to generate new research methods, explanations and ideas, which can help science
over challenging obstacles and shed new light on problems for the betterment of the society.
3. Diversity and Collaboration facilitate specialization
Scientist have different strengths and interests. Not only do people from different backgrounds choose to
investigate different questions, but they may different questions on a certain topic. They may have different
respondents to validate their hypothesis. They have different methods that are based on their interests.
4. Diversity and collaboration are inspiration and motivation
- interactions in the society encourage innovation and development of ideas about new lines of evidence,
new applications, new questions, and alternative explanations about technology.
5. Diversity and collaboration divide labor
 Science is too wide for an individual on his or her own to handle. Collaborations and divisions of labor
are increasingly important today, as our scientific understanding, techniques, and technologies expand. There is
simply more to know than ever before and as we learn more about the world, more research is performed at the
intersections of different fields.

Activity
2.2.1

Completing a table.
Present one historical development in technology by completing the table below. Refer to the given example.
For example: Computer

Before Human Condition Discoveries After

The computer was born The government sought France, Joseph Maria This richness provides a
not for entertainment or a faster way to get the Jacquard invents a loom vast design space for
email but out of a need job done, giving rise to that uses punched exploring novel and
to solve a serious punc-card based wooden cards to multi-value ways to
number –crunching computers that took up automatically weave encode and process data
crisis. By 1880, the U.S. entire rooms. fabric designs. beyond the 0s and first
population had grown current logic-based ,
so large that it took more digital architectures.
than seven years to
tabulate the U.S. Census
result.

Field:

Before Human Condition Discoveries After

Activity
2.2.2

1. Watch the documentary film entitled “The Magician’s Twin: CS Lewis and case against Scientism.”
2. Read the Question Concerning Technology by Martin Heidegger.
Task: Make a Concept Map about your reflection in the documentary film and in the article.

Evaluation

Think /pair and share

Think of a problem in our daily life where you can apply scientific method.
Example
Observe: Low score in math during quiz
Identify the problem: I’m spending too much time in browsing Facebook rather than reading notes.
Formulate hypothesis: Lessen the number of hours in browsing Facebook and Adding time reading notes.
Conduct Experiment: I will spend 1 hour in browsing the internet and 4 hours in reading my notes.
Gather and Analyze: I will identify if my scores increase in all of my quizzes in math or not.
Formulate conclusion and provide recommendation: If my quizzes in Math are higher than my scores before
so therefore I conclude the lessening the number of hours in Browsing Facebook is effective. If not, I will
recommend that I will not spend time in browsing the Facebook but rather I will spend my time in reading
notes in Math.

The Good Life

LESSON 3

Introduction
Many philosophers have attempted unlocking the old philosophical questions, “What is the good life?” How
should one live well?” “What does it take to live fruitfully? In this lesson, these questions will be answered as
we understand all about achieving the good life, what every individual strives throughout his or her life.
Lesson Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to:
[a. define the idea of the good life;
b. explain how technology lead people to good life;
c. interpret “the lines of Prof. Albert Borgmann

Preliminary Activity

I Instruction: On the space provided write whether you AGREE or

DISAGREE with each statement.
______1. The purpose of life is happiness.
______2. Happiness comes from pleasure, wealth, and recognition.
______3. Happiness means merely feeling good or joyful.
______4. Reason is an important element of human happiness.
______5. To achieve happiness, human must pursue only extremely
positive things.

READINGS
What is meant by a good life?
-According to Westacott (2018), there are three ways by which we can understand what is meant by “a
good life” or “living well.” These are the Moral Life, Life of Pleasure, and Fulfilled Life.
(Read the full article entitled “What is the good life?” the various meanings of “living well” By Emrys
Westacott)
 - From the article you read, good moral would mean to lead us to the good and happy life. Throughout
history, man has persistently struggled in order to attain human flourishing and has given birth to different
schools of thought, which aim for the good and happy life.

Materialism
- The first materialist were the atomists in Ancient Greece. The atomist philosopher thought that the
universe and matter are only made up of atoms “atomos” or seeds. These are indivisible particles, assembled
by chance and in purely mechanical way. The f ounders of this theory was the Greek philosopher Leucippus
and his disciple Democritus (around 460 – 370 B.C). This belief aims that comfort, pleasure, and wealth are the
only highest goals.

Hedonism
- Epicurus continued the theory of materialism, which does not buy any notion afterlife. The hedonists
see the end goal of life in attaining pleasure. For hedonists, since life is limited, one must indulge itself with
pleasures – Eat, drink, and be merry for tomorrow we die”. They strive to maximize their total pleasure, the
difference of pleasure and pain, and if the pleasure was finally gained, happiness remains fixed.

Stoicism
- One of the schools of thought in philosophy created for those who live their lives in the real world.
-It was founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium (early 3rd century BC).
- Stoicism asserts that virtue (eg. Wisdom) is happiness and judgement should be based acts on
behavior rather than words.

Theism
- The ultimate basis of happiness for theists is the common with God. They believe that they can find
the meaning of their lives by using God as creator of their existence. Theism is a belief that one or more gods
exist within the universe, and that gods are often omniscient (all knowing), omnipotent (all – powerful), and
omnipresent (all-pervasive). This belief incorporates Monotheism (belief in one god) and polytheism (belief in
many gods). The Abrahamic faith such as Judaism, Christianity, Islam, as well as Hinduism are all theistic
religions.

Humanism
Humanism is another school of thought that affirms that human beings have the right and
responsibility to give meaning and shape their own lives. “It is not theistic and does not accept supernatural
views of reality” – IHEU; International Humanists and Ethical Union
What is the ultimate goal of a good life?
Aristotle was the originator of the concept of eudaimonia (from daimon – true nature). He deemed
happiness to be a vulgar idea, stressing that not all desires are worth pursuing as, even though some of them
may yield pleasure, they would not produce wellness. Aristotle thought that true happiness is found by
leading a virtuous life and doing what is worth doing. He argued that realizing human potential is the ultimate
human goal” (Boniwell 2008)
Boniwell (2008) emphasized that feeling good is not good enough for a good life. Each person must
realize his/her potentialities which would lead him/her to the greatest fulfillment – Daimon.

What is the role of technology in achieving good life?

According to Vergragt (2006), in his essay about technology could contribute to a sustainable world,
technology will support and enhance a good life for all citizens without compromising the earth’s ecosystem
or the prospects of later generations. As Stutz (2006) stated a good life requires essentially basic human needs
are met and aspirations for freedom, belonging and self-realization are fulfilled as much as possible. Vergragt
also noted that technological innovation in the context of the good life and how it can be supported or
threatened, depending on the way technological innovations are influenced and steered by human decisions
and institutions.

Activity
2.3.1

Analogy Prompt: Comple this simple analogy: Good life is like__________________________________

Because_________________________________________________________________________________

Activity
2.3.2

Persuasive Essay Writing

Can technology lead us to good life? explain your answer.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

Evaluation

Reaction Paper

What did Prof. Albert Borgmann mean when he said. “The ones that enhance focal practices and communal
celebrations, and do not diminish or replace them.” That would be the rule of thumb.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 3
Specific Issues in STS

LESSON 1 The Information in STS

.

Introduction
The information Age is considered a historic period in the 21st Century. Characterized by the rapid shift from
traditional industry, it also called computer age, digital and the new media age. It is marked by a very fast
growth in communication and information technology. This age holds a significant influence as educators and
learners.
Lesson Objectives
At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to:
a. write a short essay of 300-500 words on the given topic;
b. discuss how technology functions; and
c. list the positive and negative effects of using Facebook in a tabular form.

Preliminary Activity

I Do you think that people should use social media in exercising their
freedom of speech?

Readings
Historical Development
The information age also referred to as Computer Ages and New Media Age in a historic period in 21 st
Century characterized by the rapid shift from traditional industry.
It began around the 1970s and still going today. This era brought about a time period in which people
could
Access information and knowledge easily. As in the field of literature, the renaissance influenced this age by
creating the idea inventions that led to modern ones.
There are four periods of the Information Age, namely:
 Pre – Mechanical – 3,000 BC 1400 A.D
 Mechanical – 1450 – 1840
 Electro – Mechanical -1840 – 1940
 Electronic/Information – 1940 – present

Some pioneers belonged to these periods were Blaire Pascal, Alexander Graham Bell, Steven WOZMAK,
Steven Jobs, Bill Gates.
Personal computers had become widespread by the end of the 1980s. They can be connected to local or
national networks. Through a device called the modern individual users could list their computers to a wealth of
information using conventional phone lines.
The Internet was developed during the 1970s. In the early days, it was used mainly by scientists to
communicate with other scientists. At this time, the internet user problem was speed. The development of the
fiber-optic hastened the rate of sending message.
In 1990s, the world wide web was developed mainly for commercial purposes. New services were
created to sell products.
Claide Shannon is regarded as the Father of the Information Age.

Living the Information Age

Effects/Impacts
Technology is increasingly playing a crucial role in the success of organizations particularly in school in
this Information Age. The impact of IT has been enormous on various domains including education. Computers
and the Information they process and store have transformed every aspect of the society.

IT is composed of computer, networks, mobile and wireless devices, satellite communications, robotics,
videotext, cable television, electronic mail, electronic gadget and automated office equipment. Technological
innovation and entrepreneurship have been the key players in the changes that we experience.
Advantage of INFORMATION Technology
1. Globalization
- It has brought the world closer together, led to sharing information more quickly and efficiently and
enabled countries to share ideas and information with each other.
2. Communication
- It has made communication cheaper, quicker and more efficient. The use of the internet opened face-
to-face communication from different parts of the world.
3. Cost effectiveness
 - It has led to computerization of business processes and increased productivity that gave more profits,
better pay and working conditions.
4. Creation of new jobs
- It has led to the opening up of opportunity for computer programmers, system analysts, hardware and
software developers and web designer.

The Information Age has introduced changes in the different aspects of people’s lives, because of the following:
1. emergence of online companies
2. creation of economically and stimulating businesses
3. more mature and educated people
4. Reshaping governments with new technologies
(https//history_of_technology.if.weebly.com)

Activity
3.1.1
Surf Net

Instructions: Watch the 2018 documentary The Internet Revolution and Digital Future Technology on Youtube
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V9xZFZO7USA). Then, write a short essay of 300-500 words on the
topic, “What is the implicationof the information revolution on my learning in school?”

Activity
3.1.2

Brainstorming
Discuss how Technology functions in your daily lives.

Evaluation
 Numbered Heads together
Use of Facebook
POSITIVE EFFECTS NEGATIVE EFFECTS

LESSON 2 Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and Gene Therapy

Introduction
This lesson discusses the moral and ethical issues concerning GMOs and their impacts on society. It also sheds
light on the various forms and applications of gene therapy
Lesson Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to:
a. define what GMOs is;
b. distinguish the positively impact of GMOs in the society;
c. modify characteristics and features of GMO.

Readings

Genetically Modified Organisms

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are products of artificial manipulation and alteration of a
species’ genetic material in a laboratory using genetic engineering. Plant, animal, bacteria, and virus genes may
be combined or may be crossbred to produce another kind of species that do not naturally occur in the
environment.
- Genetically modified seeds

Genetic Engineering
Gene therapy involves altering the genes inside your body’s cell in an effort to treat or stop the disease.
It involves the removal of a desirable gene from cell, adding it to the gene structure of bacterial then
have the capability to produce the protein produced by the original animal or plant cell.

Gene therapy
Gene therapy is the method of inserting genes or nucleic acid into cells as a drug to treat genetic
diseases.
In 1972, Theodore Friedman and Richard Robin proposed that people with genetic disorders can be
treated by replacing defective DNA with good DNA.
In 1985, Dr. W. French Anderson and Dr. Michael Blasse worked together to show that cells of patients
with Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency can be corrected in tissue culture. In 1990, the first approved gene
therapy clinical research took place at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under the team of Dr. Anderson. It
was conducted on a four-year-old girl who had ADA deficiency. In 1993, the first somatic treatment that
produced a permanent genetic change was performed.

Ethical Issues in Genetic Engineering

Various concerns on genetic engineering arise, making gene therapy and GMOs very controversial
innovations in science and technology. Others support that it is unethical for humans to have a hand in
genetically altering and engineering organisms.
 Genetic engineering also poses problems in agriculture. Hence, there is a need to study the ecological
processes applied to agriculture production system.
Agroecology is a field of study that presents novel management approaches on farming system that may
help address concerns regarding the effect of GMOs on biodiversity and the health of the consumers.

Activity
3.2.1

Surf Net
Search the internet for edible products that make use of GMOs as ingredients. Choose a particular GMO and
research on it. Paste a photo of your chosen GMO and answer the question.

Activity
3.2.2

In what ways do you think this GMO can positively impact society?

Evaluation
Instructions: On the box provided draw a possible GMO. In conceptualizing a GMO, think of the features or
characteristics that you imagine it possess and its potential impacts on society. Be ready to share your output in
class. Answer the questions that follow.

What is your GMOs, its modified characteristics and features?

LESSON 3 Biodiversity and Healthy Society

Introduction
The different species of our plants and animals and the places they live is called biodiversity. All together they
give us all our needs in our life like food, clear drinking water, crisp air, medicines and provide us our homes.
Biodiversity is like a safety net.
Lesson Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to:
a. create a collage about the impact of biodiversity on various aspects of human life;
b. realize the important thing about diversity;
c. debate if our environment is contaminated.

Readings
The impact of Biodiversity on Human Life
The human species is just one of Earth’s 1.9 million living life forms. It has arisen by the same
mechanisms as other species. It has the same physical requirements as other, similar species. It is dependent
for its survival on its successful interactions with Earth’s planet and animal species. Ultimately, it is a subject to
the same limitations to growth as any other species.

Human Population Growth

Human population growth has risen at a very rapid rate over the past centuries. The development of
medical technology has reduced the incidence of disease in many parts of the world; modern agriculture had
reduced the incidence of disease in many parts of the world; modern agriculture had reduced the likelihood of
starvation in developed nations.

Pollution and Destruction in our Environment

Technological and industrial processes have led to the production of chemicals and – by products that
are harmful (toxic) to living things. Such as toxic chemicals have contributed to our global environment
pollution. Examples of pollutants include acidic, ions, pesticide.
Destruction of Habitat
Humans have used their technologies to remove trees and other plant life from wide areas of their
natural habitat for the purpose of creating agricultural lands, industrial zones, roadways, or residential and
commercial developments. Humans have drained, filled, or redirected wetlands, ponds, stream and other
natural water habitats for these same purposes.

Exploitation of Animals and Plants

Humans who have great desire to possess exotic animals and plants or their products have been
enabled by modern transportation, communication and economic technologies. This resulted in the
exploitation for exotic species of primates such as monkey, cats birds such as parrot, and other pets. Some
animals are killed for their horns, elephants for their tusks, tigers and other species for their pelts.

Consumption of energy
Worldwide, industrialization has brought an increased demand for use of energy resources. It brought both the
positive and the negative effects on humans and ecosystems. The world industrialized nations have used
tremendous quantity of energy to fuel their business.

Fossils for Fuels

Fossil fuels are commonly used as an energy source in industrial processes for the past 200 years,
include naturally occurring materials such as oil, coal and natural gas.

Activity
3.3.1

Collage Making
Create a collage of the impact of biodiversity on various aspects of human life. this will be done individually.

Activity
3.2.2

Creative Reflection: In not less than 3 paragraphs write a creative reflection on the topic below.
What most important thing did I realize about biodiversity?
 Evaluation

Position Paper:
Do you agree that our environment is contaminated? Take a position and defend it.

Debate forum:
Let’s present a debate
1. Formulate a proposition,
2. Form two groups - one takes the affirmative side and other , the negative side.
3. Each group prepares their material
4. Prepare to mount the actual debate.

LESSON 4 The Nano World

Introduction
Nanoworld of science and technology is of great interest to governments, industries and academia. This lesson
discusses nanotechnology and how manipulation of matter on a nanoscale impacts on the society.
Lesson Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, the learners will be able to:
a. define nanoscience clearly;
b. appreciate the uses of nano science and nano technology.
c.prepare a written research report on the current uses of nano science and nano technology.

Defining the Terms

The two terms often used in the literature with reference to the world of nano materials are nanoscience and
nanotechnology. Nano materials denote divided matter." As Rao (1999) said, "if you take a piece of solid
matter (say a metal) containing an Avogardro number of atoms and go on dividing it to smaller bits, you will
ultimately end up with an atom of the substance. Before that, you will reach a stage of very tiny particles
containing 100 to 10,000 atoms. Such particles with diameters Of (1-50nm) (10-500) Ao are referred to as
nanoparticles.

Nanomaterials exhibit properties entirely different from bulk materials and constitute materials of the
future. Increased surface area and quantum effects are the two key factors that separate nanomaterials from
bulk materials (The Royal SOCiety and The Royal Academy of Engineering, 2004). A substance of size 3 nm
has 50% of its atoms on the surface compared to a substance of size 30 nm with 5% of its atoms on its surface.
As size decreases more quantum effects begin to manifest in the form of electrical, magnetic and optical
properties.

Nanoscience refers to the scientific study of materials of nanometer size, i.e., one billionth of a meter (The
Royal Society, 1994). It is a combination of developments in solid state chemistry, synthetic chemistry,
molecular biology, solid state physics and engineering, and scanning tunneling microscopy. According to
Alfred Nordmann (cited in Schummer, 2003), it is a site-oriented technoscience approach that differs both from
classical theory-driven and problem-driven (p. 2). For example, nanosized indium melts at much lower
temperature than respective bulk metal (Allen, 2002). Copper in extremely thin layers, in the presence of
magnetic field, becomes a poor conductor of electricity (Loder, 2005).

Nanotechnology refers to various technologies to produce materials of extra high precision and
dimensions on the scale of one-billionth of a meter. (Norio Taniguchi of Tokyo Science University is credited
with coining the term "nanotechnology" in 1974). Nanotechnology "implies the ability to generate and utilize
structures, components, and devices with a size range from about 0.1 nm (atomic and molecular scale) to about
100nm (or larger in some situations) by control at atomic molecular, and macromolecular levels" (Roco, 1999)
One of the most interesting aspects nanotechnology is buliding molecule-by-molecule materials similar to those
produced b) biological self-assemlby, self-organization and self-regulation (Carraher, Jr. 1994).

What is Nano World?

To understand the nano world here are presented important personages who have contributed to the growth and
study of the Nano World.
The retroactive rediscovery of Feynman's "Plenty of Room" gave nanotechnology a packaged history that
provided an early date of December 1959, plus a connection to the charisma and genius of Richard Feynman.
Feynman's stature as a Nobel laureate and as an iconic figure in 20th century science surely helped advocates of
nanotechnology and provided a Gluable intellectual link to the past.
His paper on the Nanosystem: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation, received the
Association of American Publishers award for Best Computer Science Book of 1992. Drexler founded the
foresight Institute in 1986 with the mission of “Preparing for nanotechnology.”

Nanotechnology and Nanoscience got a boost in the early 1980s with two major developments: the birth of
cluster science and the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM0. These developments led to the
discovery of fullerenes in 1985 and the structural assignment of carbon nanotubes a few years later.
The scanning tunneling microscope, an instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level, was developed in
1981 by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer at IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, for which they were awarded
the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986. [181[191 Binnig, Calvin Quate and Christoph Gerber invented the first
atomic force micr0SCOPe in 1986. The first commercially available atomic force microscope was introduced in
1989.

IBM researcher Don Eigler was the first to manipulate atoms using a scanning tunneling microscope in 1989.
He used 35 Xenon atoms to spell out the IBM logo. [20] He shared the 2010 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience for this
work.
Initial commercial applications

The early 2000s saw the beginnings of the use Of nanotechnol in commercial products, although most
applications are limited to the bulk use of passive nanomaterials. Examples include titanium dioxide and zinc
oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen, cosmetics and some food products; silver nanoparticles in food packaging,
clothing, disinfectants and household appliances such as Silver Nano; carbon nanotubes for stain-resistant
textiles; and cerium oxide as a fuel catalyst.[51J As of March 10, 2011, the Project on Emerging
Nanotechnologies estimated that over 1300 manufacturer-identified nanotech products are publicly available,
with new ones hitting the market at a pace of 3—4 per week.

Potential Uses

The joint Center for Bioethics in Canada ranked potential uses of nanosciences nd nanotechnologies with
respect to development. The top ten uses follow (BBC ews, 2005).

Energy production, conservation and storage

• Enhancement of agricultural productivity

Treatment and remediation of water

Screening and diagnosing diseases

Systems for drug delivery Processing and storing food

Controlling air pollution

Construction

Monitoring health

Detecting and controlling pests

Activity 1

Surf Net.
1. Prepare a written research report on the current uses or application of nano science and nano
technology. Indicate your sources at the end of the report.
 2. Get ready to present the highlights as important points of your report to the class with a powerpoint
presentation using 5 slides only.

Evaluation

3-2-1 Activity
Write on your own insight, comments and thoughts on the lesson discussed.

Chapter 4 Climate Change and Energy Crisis

Introduction
Climate change is one of the fundamental challenges ever to confront humanity. Its diverse effects being seen
may intensify over time if nothing is done about it.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this chapter, the learners will be able to:
a. discuss the importance of studying climate change;
b. explain their own understanding about energy crisis;
c. describe some effects of climate change in the Philippines; and
d. prepare a collage made up of pictures.

Readings
What is Climate Change?
Climate change refers to the change in global or regional patterns, in particular, a change apparent
from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increase level of atmospheric carbon
dioxide by the use of fossil fuel. It is a catch-all term for the shift in worldwide weather phenomena associated
with an increase in global average temperature. Climate change, also called global warming, refers to the rise
in average surface temperatures on earth.

What are the cause of climate change?

Most climate scientists agree that the main cause of current global warming trend s human expansion
of the greenhouse effects – warming that results when they atmosphere traps heat radiating from earth
toward space.
Life on earth is dependent in an atmospheric greenhouse - a layer of gasses primarily a water vapor, in
the lower atmosphere that trap heat from the sun as it’s reflected back from the Earth, radiating it back and
keeping our planet at a temperature capable of supporting life.
Greenhouse gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect include water vapor, carbon dioxide,
methane and nitrous oxide.

Water vapor
The most abundant greenhouse gas, but importantly, acts a feedback to the climate. Water vapor
increases as the Earth’s atmosphere warms, but so does the possibility of clouds and precipitation, making
these some of the most important feedback mechanisms to the greenhouse effect.

Carbon Dioxide
A minor but very important component of the atmosphere, carbon dioxide is released through natural
processes such as respiration and volcano eruptions and through human activities such as deforestation, land
use changes, and burning fossils fuels.
Methane
 A hydrocarbon gas produced both through natural sources and human activities, including the
decomposition of wastes in landfills, agriculture, and especially rice culturation, as well as ruminent digestion
and manure management associated with domestic livestock.
Nitrous Oxide
A powerful greenhouse gas produced by soil cultivation practices, especially the use of commercial and
organic fertilizers, fossil fuel combustion, nitric acid production, biomass burning.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Synthetic compounds entirely of industrial origin used in a number of

applications, but now largely regulated in production and released to the atmosphere by international
agreement for their ability to contribute to destruction of ozone layer. They are also greenhouse gases.

How is Climate Change Affecting the Philppines?

Pia Ranada (January 22, 2014) stated six ways by which climate change affects our country.
(https://www.rappler.com/nation/45899-six-ways-climate-change-affects-phil/
1. More Intense El Niño
2. Sea surface temperature to rise
3. ocean acidification
4. sea levels to the rise by 4 to 6 meters
5. tropical cyclone to intensify
6. Rainfall, river flow, and flooding to intensify

What is Energy Crisis?

Energy crisis is any great bottleneck in the supply of energy resources to an economy. In popular
literature through, it often refers to one of the energy sources used at all certain time and place, particularly
those that supply national electricity grids or serve as fuel for vehicles. (Wikipedia)
Cause of Energy Crisis
Some causes of the energy crisis were identified as follows:
1. Overconsumption
2. overpopulation
3. Poor infrastructure
4. Unexplored Renewable Options
5. Waste of Energy
6. Poor Distribution System
8. Major Accidents and Natural Calamities
9. Wars and Attacks
10. Miscellaneous factors
What are Possible Solutions to the Energy Crisis?
1. Move toward renewable Resources
2. Buy Energy Efficient products
3. Lighting Control
4. Easier Grid Access
5. Energy Simulation
6. Perform Energy Audit
7. Common stand on Climate Change

Activity
4.1

1. Why is the study of climate change important?

Activity
4.2
How has climate change effected our country? List down some effects and describe them.

Activity
4.3

Give your understanding of energy crisis?

Evaluation

Prepare a collage made up of pictures based on your answers in Activity 4.2.

Chapter 5 Alternative Energy Resources

Introduction
The Philippines and other countries of the world have relied on the same sources of fuels for the past hundred
years. We have been so dependent on coal, oil and natural resources which up to this date will worked good.
But at the rate we have been using these fuels, the world may run out these resources. There is a need to
search for alternative energy resources which are cleaner, more economical, and ecology-friendly which are
beneficial to the whole world.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
a. distinguish alternative energy from renewable energy;
b. discuss the importance of alternative energy resources;
c. present examples of alternative energy resources.

Readings
What is alternative Energy?
Alternative energy is any energy source that is alternative to fossil fuel (coal, gasoline, and natural gas).
These alternatives are intended to address concerns about fossils, fuels, such as its carbon dioxide emissions,
an important factor in global warming (Wikipedia).
Alternative energy is a broader category encompassing all non-fossil-fuel-based energy sources and
processes, of which renewable energies are only a part. It represents the clean energy source (does not
pollute) that are derived from a natural and renewable source of energy.
Renewable energy sources are not exactly the same as alternative energy source. Although both
alternative and renewable energy work to cut down on carbon emissions, there is a stark difference between
the two. Alternative energy is not infinite in supply unlike renewable energy which as the same suggests is
always available similar to solar energy.

Sources of Alternative Energy

1. Nuclear Energy
2. Hydroelectric Energy
3. Wave energy
4. Biofuels
5. Natural gas
6. Geothermal energy
7. Wind energy
8. Biomass energy
9. Tidal energy
10. Hydrogen gas

Renewable Sources of Energy

1. biomass
2. Hydro Energy
3. Geothermal Energy
4. Solar Energy
5. Tidal Energy
6. Wave energy
7. Wind Energy
8. Wood energy

Activity
5.1

Why do you have to know about alternative resources?

Activity
5.2
What examples of alternative energy resources can you give?

Evaluation

Fill up the Venn diagram to compare alternative and renewable energy resources.

References

Prieto, N. G. Vega, V. A. & Menesese J. L. (2019) Science, Technology and Society, Lorimar Publishing, INC.
Books

Alabastro, Estrella F.(2007). Science education in the Philippines, Trans National Acad Science and Technology Phil 29-
202-211 ISSN 0115-8848

Allen, L. H. (2002). Nanocalorimetry studies of materials: melting point depressions and magic nanostructuers. NNUN
Abstracts, 40.

BBC News. (2005). Nanotech promise for global poor. Available at http://news.bbc/co.uk/l/hi/sci/
tech/4421867.htmCaoli, History of Science of the Philippines
Carraher, Jr., C. E. (1994a). Nano-technologies. Part 1, Nano-materials. Polymer News, 19(4), 109-110.

Carraher, Jr., C. E. (1994b). Nano-technologies. Part 3 — Molecular self-assembly. Polymer News, 19(8), 247-248.

Carraher, Jr., C. E. (1994c). Nano-technologies. Part 4: Quantum dots. Polymer News, 19(11), 344-346.

Carraher, Jr., C.E. (1995). Nano-technologies. Part 5. Nano-technology and the Scanning Tunneling Microscope. Polymer
News, 20(3), 85-87.

Haveria, Ma. Nina Chrissa. (2019) Environmental stewardship practices of selected locally governed universities and
colleges. Basis for the development of an integrity of creation advocacy program, St. Josephs College, Q.C unpublished
Doctoral Dissertation.

Institute of Nanotechnology.(n.d.). Nanotechnology systems. Available at: http://www.nano.org.uk/ vocab terms.htm

King, A. G. (2005). "Research advances". Journal of Chemical Education, 82(5), 666-670.

Loder, N. (2005). "Small wonders. A survey of nanotechnology". The Economist, January 1, 2005, pp. 1-12.

National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) Committee on Technology, The Interagency Working Group on
NanoScience, Engineering and Technology (IWGN). (1999). Nanostructure science and technology. A worldwide study.
Available at: http://itri.loyola.edu/ nano/final/

Ogena, Ester B., Brawner, Filma G. (2005). "Science Education in the Philippines: Challenges for Development." Science
Education Institute, National Academy of Science and Technology, Center of Integrative Development Studies, University
of the Philippines.

Oreskes, Naomi (2004). "The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change". Science 3 December 2004 vol. 306 no. 5702
p1686 DOI 10 1126 science 1103618

Ramon, Elizabeth (2015) "Peace through Environmental stewardship." World Academy of Science, Engineering and
Technology Intl. Journal Vol.9, no 4. Retrieved from http://waset. org/publication/10001061/peace through
environmental stewardship

Rao, C.N.R. (1999). Understanding chemistry. Hyderabad: Universities Press (India) Limited.

Ratnasiri, N. (2006). "The Role of Science and Technology in Nation Building." Journal of the National Science Foundation
of Sri-Lanka. 34(3), p. 113

Roco, M. C. (1999). Research programs on nanotechnology in the world. In National Science and Technology Council
(NSTC) Committee on Technology, The Interagency Working Group on NanoScience, Engineering and Technology
(IWGN). (1999). Nanostructure science and technology A worldwide study. Available at:
http://itri.loyola.edu/nano/final/'

Roy-Chetty, Lee (2012) https://ieetorg/index.php/lEET2/more/chetty2012

Schummer, J. (2003) Conference report "discussing the nanoscale," University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC. Available
at http://nsts.nano.sc.edu/events.conf03/report/Serafica et al (2018). Science, Technology, and Society First Edition. Rex
Bookstore. Quezon City

URL or Websites:
Boniwell l. (2008). What is eudaimonia? The concept of eudaimonic well-being and happiness. Retrieved August 29,
2018. http://positivepsychology.org.uk/the-concept-of-eudaimonic-wellbeing/

Gripaldo R. M. (2007). The concept of the public good: A view from a filipino philosopher. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289852462_Theconcept_of_the_public_good_A_view_from_a_filipino_philo
sopher

(n.d.) International Humanist and Ethical Union. What Is Stoicism? A Dofinitjon & 9 Exercises To Get You Started
exercises-to-get-you-started/ Retrieved August 29, 2018. humanism/

(n.d.) The center of ethics newsletter. Fall 2007, Retrieved August 30, 2018. http•J/w„„
umt.edu/ethics/imx/currentnewsletter.pdf

Vergragt, E. (2006). How technology could contribute to a sustainable world? Retrieved Augugt

29, 2018. https://www.greattransition.org/archives/papers/How_TechnoIogy_Could Contribute_to_a

%20Sustainable_World.pdf

Westacott E. (2018). What is the good life?. Retrieved August 24, 2018. https://www.thoughtco. com/what-is-the-good-
life-4038226

Internet Resources https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-and-solutions-to-the-global-energy-crisis.ph/

https://slideshare.net/the-role-of-science-and-technology-in-development/ https://wwW.use-of-technology.com
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List-of-Filipino-inventiobs-and-discoveries http://www/HelpMe.com/view.asp.ed/158442/

https://w"/asianscientist.com/2016/06/features/presidentRD/phil/science-policy-agenda/

https://bu$inessmirror.com.ph/duterte-reassures-support-to-science-education/ https://www.global-economic-
symposium.org/knowledgebase/the-global-environment/the-energy•

criijs/ https://wrw conserve-energy-future.com/causes-and-solutions-to-the-global-energy-crisis-php

https://www.wired.co.uk/article/what-is-climate-change-definition-causes-effects https://+w
climaterealityproject.org/how-climate-change-affect-Philippines
https://vgww.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/93-cad/473-impacts-of-climate-change
https://www.rappIer.com/nation/45899-six-ways-climate-change-affects-ph-cities http$://www.conserve-energy-
future.com/causes-and-solutions-to-the-global-energy-crisis-php https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-
alternative-energy-definition-source.html www,wuworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Nuclear energy/alternative energy
https:/mww.renewableresourcescoalition.org/alternative-energy-resources https:
www.google.com.phsourcehptei=nuyzxk7ecpb1wao-geldqig=genettherapy&oq=gentthera•g v' _lpsy.

https://wwf.panda.org/our_work/biodiversity/biodiversity_andyow.