AWS Cloud Practitioner

Course Objective

Course Objectives:
 To understand of cloud computing concepts using AWS console

 To design and implement effective networking solutions and

implement robust security measures to protect AWS resources
and data.

 To analyze proficiency in managing storage solution and database

on the AWS platform.

 To evaluate pricing models and support options to make informed

decisions on resource allocation and budgeting.

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 Module -1

 Cloud Computing Terminology – Cloud Computing

Foundation, Essential Characteristics, Architectural Overview,
Components of cloud computing, Cloud Delivery Model,
Deployment Model, Clous Service Model – SaaS, IaaS, PaaS.

 AWS Console – AWS Cloud History, AWS Global Infrastructure

– AWS Regions, Availability Zones, Data Centers, and Edge
Locations, and Tour of the AWS Console.

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History of Cloud Computing
One of the most questions comes in our mind “when and where was the first premise
of cloud computing witnessed?”

 1950-1960:
The concept of time sharing was introduced to allow multiple users to gain shared
access to data and CPU time. This was done to lower the cost of maintenance of
large-sized computers.

 1960-1970:
ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), the basis of internet was
introduced. The basis of staying connected and accessing data from any location was
established.

 1970-1980:
IBM introduced the Virtual Machine OS, and this enabled users to have multiple
virtual machines on a single physical node.

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History of Cloud Computing(Contd..

 1980-1990:
The time period between1980 and 1990 witnessed the emergence of Internet
Service Providers and Application Service Providers, which broke the realm of
desktops and single user server to deliver hosted application services.

 1990-2000:
The internet became more prevalent, and virtualized connections for PC-based
systems grew to correct network traffic and bandwidth usage. Grid computing
gained popularity along with object oriented programming and web services.

 After 2000:
The 21st century witnessed tremendous growths of the cloud as more and more
corporate solutions and services from players like IBM and Oracle came in the
market.

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Evolution of Cloud Computing(Contd..

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 Introduction to Cloud Computing
 The National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) defines Cloud
Computing as:

“A model for enabling ubiquitous,

convenient, on-demand network access to a
shared pool of configurable computing
resources (for example networks, servers,
storage, applications, etc) that can be
rapidly provisioned and released with
minimal management effort or service
provider interaction.

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 Cloud Computing (Contd..

Figure shows the pictorial representation of Cloud Computing in detail.

Critical data that takes different forms, such as emails, text document,
videos, chats and presentations are stored, accessed and processes as
needed by the the cloud user- which is a set of software and hardware
devices (servers and storage ) commissioned in a data centre, either in a
single or multiple location(s).

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Essential characteristics of Cloud Computing
 On-demand self-service: Cloud Computing empowers the consumer to
unilaterally provision computing capabilities like server time and network
storage with no need for human interaction with individual service providers.

 Broad Network Access: In cloud computing, the Internet allows any thin or
thick client, such as laptop or a mobile phone, to access capabilities through
standard mechanisms.

 Resource pooling: In the Cloud Environment, the provider’s computing

resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers through the multi-tenant
model, with different resources being assigned and reassigned on a real-time
basis according to consumer demand. The user loses control over the location of
the data but may be able to specify a higher level of abstraction.

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 Essential characteristics of Cloud
Computing(Contd..
 Rapid Elasticity: Capabilities can be both elastically and automatically
provisioned and released, to scale rapidly with demand. To the consumer, the
capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be
appropriated in any quantity at any time.

 Measured service: Cloud Systems automatically monitor, control, optimise

and report resource usage, thus providing transparency for both the provider
and consumer of the utilised service.

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 Advantage of Cloud Computing
 Lower computer costs
 Improved performance
 Reduced software cost
 Instant software updates
 Unlimited storage capacity
 Increased data reliability
 Universal document access
 Latest version availability
 Device independence
 Reduced impact on environment
 Better agility

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 Disadvantage of Cloud Computing
 Requires a constant Internet connection
 Does not work well with low-speed connections
 Stored data can be lost
 Stored data might not be secure

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 Obstacles for Cloud Technology
 Data Security and privacy issues
 Adherence to regulatory and compliance measures
 Vendor lock-in
 Lack of performance and uptime
 Depending on outside agency
 Knowledge and integration

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 Cloud Vulnerabilities

 Session riding
 Virtual Machine Escape
 Reliability and Availability
 Insecure cryptography
 Data Portability
 Vendor Locking
 Internet Dependency

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 Cloud Challenges
 Keeping up with security requirements

 Obtaining the right knowledge and expertise

 Choose the right vendor

 Data Interoperability

 Budgeting difficulties while moving to the cloud

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 Cloud Service/delivery Models

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 Cloud Service Models (Contd..
 Software as a Service (SaaS): The ability to access the
provider’s applications running in the cloud environment is
referred to as SaaS. Devices such as smart phones, laptops,
desktops and tablets can be used to access the applications
through a web browser or a program interface. The cloud user,
however, cannot access or manage the cloud infrastructure that
hosts the applications. This includes the servers, storage devices,
network and individual application components.

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 Advantages of SaaS
 Cost-Effective: Pay only for what you use.
 Reduced time: Users can run most SaaS apps directly from their
web browser without needing to download and install any
software. This reduces the time spent in installation and
configuration and can reduce the issues that can get in the way of
the software deployment.
 Accessibility: We can Access app data from anywhere.
 Automatic updates: Rather than purchasing new software,
customers rely on a SaaS provider to automatically perform the
updates.
 Scalability: It allows the users to access the services and features
on-demand.

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 Cloud Service Models (Contd..
 Platform as a Service (PaaS): PaaS assists a developer who
writes custom application by provisioning the hardware,
operating system, database and middleware. In the PaaS model,
user do not have any control over the cloud infrastructure just
like the SaaS model. However, they have the ability to monitor
and manage the applications that they have deployed and the
respective configuration settings for the application-hosting
environment.

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 Advantages of PaaS:
 Simple and convenient for users: It provides much of the
infrastructure and other IT services, which users can access
anywhere via a web browser.
 Cost-Effective: It charges for the services provided on a per-use
basis thus eliminating the expenses one may have for on-premises
hardware and software.
 Efficiently managing the lifecycle: It is designed to support
the complete web application lifecycle: building, testing,
deploying, managing, and updating.
 Efficiency: It allows for higher-level programming with reduced
complexity thus, the overall development of the application can be
more effective.

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 Cloud Service Models (Contd..
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): The user is allowed to
provision processing, storage, networks and other fundamental
computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and
run operating system and other applications. Though the cloud
user can establish complete control over operating systems,
storage and deployed applications, the underlying cloud
infrastructure remains unperturbed.

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 Advantages of IaaS:
 Cost-Effective: Eliminates capital expense and reduces
ongoing cost and IaaS customers pay on a per-user basis,
typically by the hour, week, or month.
 Website hosting: Running websites using IaaS can be less
expensive than traditional web hosting.
 Security: The IaaS Cloud Provider may provide better
security than your existing software.
 Maintenance: There is no need to manage the underlying
data center or the introduction of new releases of the
development or underlying software. This is all handled by
the IaaS Cloud Provider.

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 Difference between IAAS, PAAS and SAAS :
Basis Of IAAS PAAS SAAS
Infrastructure as a Software as a
Stands for Platform as a services.
services. services.

IAAS is used by SAAS is used by end

Uses PAAS is used by developer.
network architects. user.

IAAS give access to the PAAS give access to run time

resources like virtual environment to deployment SAAS give access to
Access
machines and virtual and development tools for the end user.
storage. application.

It is a service model
It is service model that It is a cloud computing model
in cloud computing
provide visualized that delivers tools that is used
Model that host software
computing resources for development of
make available for
over internet. application.
client.
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 Difference between IAAS, PAAS and SAAS (Contd..:
Basis Of IAAS PAAS SAAS
There is no
In which you required
Technical It required technical requirement about
knowledge of subject to
understanding. knowledge. technicalities company
understand basic setup.
handle everything.

It is popular between
It popular between
It is popular between consumer and
developer who focus on
Popularity. developer and company.such as file
the development of apps
researchers. sharing, email and
and scripts.
networking

Amazon web M.S office web,

Facebook, and google
Cloud services. services, sun, vcloud Facebook and google
search engine.
express. apps.

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 Difference between IAAS, PAAS and SAAS (Contd..:
Basis Of IAAS PAAS SAAS
Enterprise AWS virtual private
Microsoft azure. IBM cloud analysis.
services. cloud.

Outsourced
Salesforced. Force.com, Gigaspaces. AWS, terremark
cloud services.

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 Types of Cloud/ Deployment Model

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 Public Cloud
 Public cloud is open to all to store and access information
via the Internet using the pay-per-usage method.
 In public cloud, computing resources are managed and
operated by the Cloud Service Provider (CSP).
Example:
Amazon elastic compute cloud (EC2),
IBM Smart Cloud Enterprise,
Microsoft,
Google App Engine,
Windows Azure Services Platform.

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Public Cloud

Advantage

1) Low Cost
Public cloud has a lower cost than private, or hybrid cloud, as it shares the same resources
with a large number of consumers.
2) Location Independent
Public cloud is location independent because its services are offered through the internet.
3) Save Time
In Public cloud, the cloud service provider is responsible for the manage and maintain data
centers in which data is stored, so the cloud user can save their time to establish
connectivity, deploying new products, release product updates, configure, and assemble
servers.
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Public Cloud
4) Quickly and easily set up
Organizations can easily buy public cloud on the internet and deployed and configured it
remotely through the cloud service provider within a few hours.
5) Business Agility
Public cloud provides an ability to elastically re-size computer resources based on the
organization's requirements.
6) Scalability and reliability
Public cloud offers scalable (easy to add and remove) and reliable (24*7 available) services
to the users at an affordable cost.
Disadvantage
1) Low Security
Public Cloud is less secure because resources are shared publicly.
2) Performance
In the public cloud, performance depends upon the speed of internet connectivity.
3) Less customizable
Public cloud is less customizable than the private cloud.

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Private Cloud
•Private cloud is also known as an internal cloud or corporate cloud.

•Private cloud provides computing services to a private internal

network (within the organization) and selected users instead of the
general public.

•Private cloud provides a high level of security and privacy to data

through firewalls and internal hosting.

Examples:
•HP Data Centers
•Microsoft
•Ubuntu

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Private Cloud
Advantages

1) More Control
Private clouds have more control over their resources and hardware than
public clouds because it is only accessed by selected users.

2) Security & privacy

Security & privacy are one of the big advantages of cloud computing.
Private cloud improved the security level as compared to the public cloud.

3) Improved performance
Private cloud offers better performance with improved speed and space
capacity.

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Private Cloud
Disadvantages

1) High cost
The cost is higher than a public cloud because set up and maintain hardware
resources are costly.

2) Restricted area of operations

As we know, private cloud is accessible within the organization, so the area
of operations is limited.

3) Limited scalability
Private clouds are scaled only within the capacity of internal hosted
resources.

4) Skilled people
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Skilled people are required to manage and operate cloud services.
Hybrid Cloud
▪Hybrid cloud is a combination of public and private clouds.
Hybrid cloud = public cloud + private cloud

▪The main aim to combine these cloud (Public and Private) is to create a
unified, automated, and well-managed computing environment.

▪In the Hybrid cloud, non-critical activities are performed by

the public cloud and critical activities are performed by the private
cloud.

▪Mainly, a hybrid cloud is used in finance, healthcare, and Universities.

▪The best hybrid cloud provider companies are Amazon, Microsoft,

Google, Cisco, and NetApp.
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Hybrid Cloud
Advantages
1) Flexible and secure
It provides flexible resources because of the public cloud and secure resources
because of the private cloud.
2) Cost effective
Hybrid cloud costs less than the private cloud. It helps organizations to save costs
for both infrastructure and application support.
3) Cost effective
It offers the features of both the public as well as the private cloud. A hybrid cloud
is capable of adapting to the demands that each company needs for space, memory,
and system.
4) Security
Hybrid cloud is secure because critical activities are performed by the private
cloud.
5) Risk Management
Hybrid cloud provides an excellent way for companies to manage the risk.
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Hybrid Cloud
Disadvantages
1)Networking issues
In the Hybrid Cloud, networking becomes complex because of the private
and the public cloud.

2) Infrastructure Compatibility
Infrastructure compatibility is the major issue in a hybrid cloud. With dual-
levels of infrastructure, a private cloud controls the company, and a public
cloud does not, so there is a possibility that they are running in separate
stacks.

3) Reliability
The reliability of the services depends on cloud service providers.

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Community Cloud
•It is a cloud infrastructure that allows systems and services to be accessible
by a group of several organizations to share the information.

•It is owned, managed, and operated by one or more organizations in the

community, a third party, or a combination of them.

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Community Cloud
Advantages
▪Cost effective
Community cloud is cost effective because the whole cloud is shared
between several organizations or a community.

▪Flexible and Scalable

The community cloud is flexible and scalable because it is compatible with
every user. It allows the users to modify the documents as per their needs
and requirement.

▪Security
Community cloud is more secure than the public cloud but less secure than
the private cloud.

▪Sharing infrastructure
Community cloud allows us to share cloud resources, infrastructure, and
other capabilities among various organizations.
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Community Cloud
Disadvantages
•Community cloud is not a good choice for every organization.

•Slow adoption to data

•The fixed amount of data storage and bandwidth is shared among all
community members.

•Community Cloud is costly than the public cloud.

•Sharing responsibilities among organizations is difficult.

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Cloud Computing Architecture

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Cloud Computing Architecture

1. Front-End (Client-Side):

•Description: The interface that the user interacts with.

•Components:
• Web browsers or client devices (e.g., laptops, mobile apps).
• User interfaces or APIs for accessing cloud services.

•Example: AWS Management Console, mobile applications accessing cloud

services.

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Cloud Computing Architecture
2. Back-End (Cloud-Side):

•Description: The cloud infrastructure that powers applications and services.

•Components:

• Compute: Virtual machines (e.g., EC2), container services (e.g., Amazon

ECS, Kubernetes).
• Storage: Object storage (e.g., S3), block storage (e.g., EBS), databases
(e.g., RDS, DynamoDB).
• Networking: Virtual networks (e.g., VPC), load balancers, DNS services
(e.g., Route 53).
• Monitoring and Management Tools: AWS CloudWatch, CloudTrail.
• Security: IAM, encryption, firewalls.

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Cloud Computing Architecture

3. Cloud Resources:

•Hosted and managed by cloud providers, these include:

• Data Centers: Physical infrastructure.

• Virtualization: Hypervisors for resource abstraction.
• Middleware: Software that enables integration between
applications.

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Cloud Computing Architecture

4. Networking:

•The interconnection of cloud services, data centers, and client devices.

•Key Elements:
• Content Delivery Networks (e.g., CloudFront).
• Gateways, APIs, and firewalls.
• High-speed data transfer protocols.

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Cloud Computing Architecture
5. Cloud Storage:
•Types:
• Object Storage: Scalable (e.g., S3).
• Block Storage: For databases and applications (e.g., EBS).
• File Storage: Shared storage (e.g., Amazon EFS).

6. Management and Monitoring:

•Tools to manage and optimize the cloud environment.
•Examples: AWS CloudFormation (automation), AWS Config
(compliance).

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AWS Cloud History
• 2004-2006- Launch of AWS
• AWS officially launched with three core services:
• Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service): Object storage for
the cloud.
• Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud): On-demand
virtual servers.
• Amazon SQS (Simple Queue Service): Messaging for
distributed systems.

• 2007–2010: Early Adoption and Growth

• New Services:
• Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service)
• Amazon CloudFront (Content Delivery Network)

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AWS Cloud History
• 2011–2014: Enterprise Adoption and Expansion
• New Innovations:
• Amazon DynamoDB: NoSQL database service.
• Elastic Beanstalk: Platform-as-a-Service for deploying web
applications.
• Redshift: Cloud data warehousing.

• 2015–2018: Leadership and Innovation

• New Innovations:
• AWS Lambda: Serverless computing for running code
without managing servers.
• Amazon SageMaker: Machine learning platform for
developers.
• AWS IoT: Internet of Things services.
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AWS Cloud History
• 2019–2023: Dominance and Diversification

• New Innovations:
• Artificial intelligence and machine learning: Enhanced
SageMaker and introduced AI services like Rekognition and
Lex.
• Hybrid Cloud: Launched AWS Outposts for on-premises
integration.

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AWS Global Infrastructure
• Amazon Web Services (AWS) operates one of the largest and most
advanced cloud infrastructures in the world.

• Its global infrastructure is designed to provide highly reliable, scalable,

and low-latency cloud services to customers worldwide.

• This is achieved through-

• Regions
• Availability Zones
• Edge Locations.

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AWS Global Infrastructure
Regions
•Definition: A Region is a physical location in the world where AWS has
multiple data centers.

•Features:
• Each Region is isolated and independent to ensure fault tolerance.
• Consists of multiple Availability Zones for redundancy and high
availability.

• Examples:
• US East (N. Virginia): us-east-1
• Asia Pacific (Mumbai): ap-south-1
• Europe (Frankfurt): eu-central-1

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AWS Global Infrastructure
Availability Zones
•Definition: AZs are discrete data centers within a Region, each with
independent power, cooling, and networking.

•Features:
• Typically, each Region has 3 or more AZs (some may have up to 6).
• Connected via low-latency, high-throughput private fiber links.
• AZs provide fault isolation but allow applications to achieve high
availability by spreading across multiple AZs.
•Benefits:
• Fault tolerance: Failure in one AZ does not affect others.
• Redundancy for critical workloads.

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AWS Global Infrastructure
Edge Locations

•Definition: Edge locations are data centers designed to deliver content

closer to end users through services like Amazon CloudFront (Content
Delivery Network).

•Features:
•Over 450+ edge locations globally (as of 2024).
•Used for caching static content, reducing latency, and improving
application performance.
•Support for services like AWS Global Accelerator and Route 53.

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Data Center
A data center is a facility that houses an organization's critical IT
infrastructure, including servers, storage systems, networking equipment,
and software applications.

It provides the backbone for modern computing needs, enabling businesses

and individuals to store, process, and distribute data efficiently.
Key Components of a Data Center
1. Computing Resources:
•Servers: Physical or virtual machines that run applications, store data, and
perform computations.
•High-Performance Computing (HPC): For tasks requiring significant
computational power (e.g., AI, scientific simulations).

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Data Center
2.Storage Systems:
•Disk Storage: HDDs and SSDs for persistent data storage.
•SAN/NAS: Storage Area Networks (SANs) and Network-Attached
Storage (NAS) systems for data sharing and backups.

3.Networking Equipment:
•Routers, switches, and firewalls to manage data traffic within and outside
the data center.
•High-speed connectivity for low-latency operations.

4.Power and Cooling Systems:

•Redundant power supplies (UPS, backup generators).
•Cooling systems to maintain optimal temperatures and prevent hardware
failures.
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Data Center
5.Physical Infrastructure:
•Racks and cabinets for organizing equipment.
•Raised floors or other cable management solutions.

6.Security Systems:
•Physical security: Surveillance cameras, biometric access, and guards.
•Cybersecurity: Firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and encryption.

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AWS Data Center
AWS data centers are a critical part of its global infrastructure, ensuring
high availability, scalability, and security for its cloud services.

1.Design and Redundancy:

1. AWS data centers are grouped into Availability Zones (AZs)
within Regions.
2. Multiple AZs ensure fault tolerance and disaster recovery
capabilities.

2.Security:
1. Physical security measures: 24/7 surveillance, biometrics, and
perimeter fencing.
2. Cybersecurity: Data encryption, strict access controls, and
compliance with global standards (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA).
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AWS Data Center
3. Energy Efficiency:
1. AWS is committed to sustainability and uses renewable energy
sources to power its data centers.
2. Advanced cooling systems to reduce energy consumption.

4. Scalability:
1. AWS data centers support rapid scaling of services, accommodating
fluctuating customer demands.

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Functions of Data Center
1. Data Storage and Backup:
•Ensures critical data is stored securely and can be recovered if needed.

2. Hosting Applications:
•Runs business applications, websites, and databases.

3. Data Processing:
•Handles computational tasks like analytics, machine learning, and
simulations.

4.Disaster Recovery:
•Provides redundancy and ensures business continuity in case of system
failures.

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