MPMC
Learning Sheet for MPMC
Unit 1: Introduction to Microprocessors
- Basics: A microprocessor is a CPU on a single chip. It fetches, decodes, and
executes instructions.
- Important Terms:
- Opcode: Operation to perform.
- Operand: Data or address.
- Instruction Cycle: Fetch → Decode → Execute.
- Types of Microprocessors:
- CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing): More instructions, slower
execution (e.g., Intel 8085).
- RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing): Fewer instructions, faster
execution (e.g., ARM).
Unit 2: 8085 Microprocessor
- Architecture:
- 8-bit processor with 16-bit address bus.
- Registers: Accumulator, B, C, D, E, H, L.
- Flags: Zero (Z), Sign (S), Carry (CY), Parity (P), Auxiliary Carry (AC).
- Instruction Types:
1. Data Transfer: MOV, MVI, LDA.
2. Arithmetic: ADD, SUB, INR.
3. Logical: ANA, XRA, ORA.
4. Branching: JMP, CALL, RET.
5. Control: NOP, HLT.
- Timing Diagrams: Show the time sequence of instruction execution.
Unit 3: 8086 Microprocessor
- Architecture:
- 16-bit processor with 20-bit address bus.
- Segmented memory: Code, Data, Stack, Extra.
- Registers: General-purpose, Segment, Pointer, Index.
- Instruction Set:
- Data Transfer: MOV, LEA.
- Arithmetic/Logic: ADD, MUL, AND, OR.
- Control Transfer: JMP, LOOP, CALL.
- Addressing Modes:
- Immediate, Direct, Indirect, Indexed.
- Pipelining: Overlapping instruction execution stages.
Unit 4: Microcontroller 8051
- Overview:
- 8-bit microcontroller with 4KB ROM, 128B RAM.
- I/O ports: 4.
- Timers: Timer 0, Timer 1.
- Serial Communication: SBUF, SCON.
- Special Function Registers (SFRs): IE, IP, TMOD.
- Programming:
- Timer/Counter configuration.
- Interrupts: External, Timer, Serial.
Unit 5: Advanced Microcontrollers
- PIC Microcontroller:
- Features: RISC architecture, peripheral interfacing.
- Registers: WREG, STATUS, FSR.
- ARM Processors:
- Features: High-speed RISC, thumb instructions.
- Instruction Set: Load/store, arithmetic, branching.
Formula Sheet
Concept Formula/Key Idea
8085 Memory
8086 Physical Address
Timer Frequency (8051)
Baud Rate (Serial)
Execution Time
Short Notes and Tips
8085 Tips:
1. Instruction Size:
- 1-byte: MOV A, B.
- 2-byte: MVI A, 45H.
- 3-byte: JMP 2050H.
2. Always initialize the stack before using CALL or RET.
8086 Tips:
1. Use segment registers efficiently for large programs.
2. For speed, minimize external memory access.
8051 Tips:
1. Keep track of timer modes (Mode 0, 1, 2, 3).
2. Use interrupts wisely for multitasking.
Important Content in Tabular Form
Unit Key Topic Highlights
Unit 1 Microprocessor Basics Opcode, operand,
instruction cycle.
Unit 2 8085 Microprocessor Registers, flags, instruction
types, timing diagram.
Unit 3 8086 Microprocessor Addressing modes,
pipelining, memory
segmentation.
Unit 4 8051 Microcontroller I/O ports, timers, interrupts,
SFRs.
Unit 5 Advanced Microcontrollers PIC, ARM architecture and
instruction sets.
Unit-wise Summary
Unit 1: Introduction to Microprocessors
- Foundation concepts of how microprocessors work, with emphasis on instruction
execution.
Unit 2: 8085 Microprocessor
- Focus on architecture and instruction set of an 8-bit processor.
Unit 3: 8086 Microprocessor
- Advanced topics such as 16-bit data handling, memory segmentation, and
addressing modes.
Unit 4: 8051 Microcontroller
- Embedded system basics with programming examples.
Unit 5: Advanced Microcontrollers
- Comparison of PIC and ARM for specialized applications.
Shortcuts and Tricks
1. Quick Instruction Type Identification:
- If it involves memory: Likely Data Transfer.
- If it modifies flags: Likely Arithmetic or Logical.
2. Memory Calculation:
- For 8085: Check total address lines → .
- For 8086: .
3. Baud Rate in 8051:
- Use oscillator frequency (commonly 11.0592 MHz) and the formula directly.
Let me know if you'd like me to expand on any specific part of this sheet!
