Object Oriented Programming
Arrays
Lecture 2
Spring 2025
Arrays
• An array is a collection of data elements of same type
in contiguous memory e.g. list of names, list of scores
• Easier way to compare and use data than having
separate variables for data elements
Example
//Program that takes five numbers print their average
//and the numbers again
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int n1, n2, n3, n4, n5;
double average;
cout << "Enter five integers : " ;
cin >> n1 >> n2 >> n3 >> n4 >> n5 ;
average = (n1 + n2 + n3 + n4 + n5) / 5.0 ;
cout << "The average of the given numbers = " << average ;
cout << "\nand the numbers are n1 = " << n1 << " n2 = " <<
n2
<< " n3 = " << n3 << " n4 = " << n4
<< " n5 = " << n5 << endl ;
return 0;
}
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Example
• Five variables must be declared because the
numbers are to be printed later
• All variables are of type int, that is, of the same
data type
• The way in which these variables are declared
indicates that the variables to store these numbers
all have the same name, except the last character,
which is a number
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Arrays
num[0]
Example: num[1]
int num[6]; num[2]
num[3]
num[4]
num[5]
num[0] num[1] num[2] num[3] num[4] num[5]
[0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
num
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Defining Arrays
• When defining arrays, specify
• Name
• Type of array
• Number of elements
arrayType arrayName[ numberOfElements ];
• Examples:
int c[ 10 ];
float myArray[ 3284 ];
• Defining multiple arrays of same type
• Format similar to regular variables
• Example:
int a[ 100 ], b[ 27 ];
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Processing One-Dimensional Arrays
• Some basic operations performed on a one-dimensional array are:
• Initializing
• Inputting data
• Outputting data stored in an array
• Finding the largest and/or smallest element
• Each operation requires ability to step through the elements of the
array
• Easily accomplished by a loop
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Processing One-Dimensional Arrays (cont'd.)
• Consider the declaration
int list[100]; //array of size 100
int i;
• Using for loops to access array elements:
for (i = 0; i < 100; i++) //Line 1
//process list[i] //Line 2
• Example:
for (i = 0; i < 100; i++) //Line 1
cin >> list[i]; //Line 2
10
Processing One-Dimensional Arrays (cont'd.)
double scores[10];
int index; //index also called subscript.
Initializing an array
for (index = 0 ; index < 10 ; ++index)
scores[index] = 0.0 ;
Reading data into array
for (index = 0 ; index < 10 ; ++index)
cin >> scores[index] ;
Printing the array
for (index = 0 ; index < 10 ; ++index)
cout << scores[index] << “ ”;
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Class activity
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int arr_size;
cout << "Enter size of array ";
cin >> arr_size;
int arr[arr_size];
for(i=0; i<arr_size; i++)
arr[i]=i;
Class activity
• Fixed Size: When an array is declared its size must be
known.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int arr_size;
cout << "Enter size of array ";
cin >> arr_size;
int arr[arr_size];
for(i=0; i<arr_size; i++)
arr[i]=i;
Will it execute?
int main() {
int myarray[10], i;
for(i=0; i<100; i++)
myarray[i]=i;
for(i=0; i<100; i++)
cout<<“ “<<myarray[i]<<“ “<<endl;
}
Arrays - No Bounds Checking
• arrays do not perform bounds checking, making it easy to access invalid
memory locations, leading to undefined behavior.
int main() {
int myarray[10], i;
for(i=0; i<100; i++)
myarray[i]=i;
for(i=0; i<100; i++)
cout<<“ “<<myarray[i]<<“ “<<endl;
}
What will the below program print?
int main() {
int arr1[10] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
Int arr2[10];
arr2 = arr1;
//print arr2 contents
for(i=0; i<100; i++)
cout<<“ “<<arr2[i]<<“ “<<endl;
}
No Copy or Assignment Handling
arrays do not handle deep copies or assignments, leading to potential errors if you
try to copy one array to another.
int main() {
int arr1[10] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
Int arr2[10];
arr2 = arr1;
//print arr2 contents
for(i=0; i<100; i++)
cout<<“ “<<arr2[i]<<“ “<<endl;
}
Arrays - No Bounds Checking
• arrays do not perform bounds checking, making it easy to access invalid
memory locations, leading to undefined behavior.
Two-dimensional Arrays
• Two-dimensional array: collection of a fixed number of components (of the same
type) arranged in two dimensions, sometimes called matrices or tables
• Declaration syntax:
dataType arrayName[intDimension1][intDimension2];
where intDimension1 and intDimension2 are expressions yielding
positive integer values, and specify the number of rows and the number
of columns, respectively, in the array.
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Two-dimensional Arrays (cont'd.)
Sales [0] [1] [2] [3] [4]
[0]
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
CS1002 - SPRING 2022
Accessing Array Components (cont'd.)
Suppose Sales is a 2D array and:
int i = 6;
int j = 2;
Then, the following statement:
sales[6][2] = 69.85;
Is equivalent to:
sales[i][j] = 69.85;
So the indices can also be variables. Sales [0] [1] [2] [3] [4]
[0]
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6] 69.85
[7]
[8]
[9]
Two-Dimensional Array Initialization During Declaration
• Two-dimensional arrays can be initialized when they are declared:
int board[4][3] = { {2, 3, 1},
{15, 25, 13},
{20, 4, 7},
{11, 18, 14}
};
• Elements of each row are enclosed within braces and separated by commas
• All rows are enclosed within braces
• For number arrays, if all components of a row aren’t specified, unspecified ones
are set to 0
Processing Two-Dimensional Arrays
• Ways to process a two-dimensional array:
• Process the entire array
• Process a particular row of the array, called row processing
• Process a particular column of the array, called column processing
• Each row and each column of a two-dimensional array is a one-
dimensional array
• To process, use algorithms similar to processing one-dimensional arrays
Processing Two-Dimensional Arrays (cont'd.)
const int NUMBER_OF_ROWS = 7;//This can be set to any number
const int NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS = 6;//This can be set to any number
int matrix[NUMBER_OF_ROWS][NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS];
int row;
int col;
int sum;
int largest;
int temp;
Initialization
const int NUMBER_OF_ROWS = 7;
const int NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS = 6;
int matrix[NUMBER_OF_ROWS][NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS];
int row;
int col;
int sum;
int largest;
int temp;
• To initialize row number 5 (i.e., sixth row) to 0:
row = 5;
for(int col = 0 ; col < NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS ; col++)
matrix[row][col] = 0;
• To initialize the entire matrix to 0:
for(row = 0 ; row < NUMBER_OF_ROWS ; row++)
for(col = 0 ; col < NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS ; col++)
matric[row][col] = 0 ;
Printing the 2D array
const int NUMBER_OF_ROWS = 7;
const int NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS = 6;
int matrix[NUMBER_OF_ROWS][NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS];
int row;
int col;
int sum;
int largest;
int temp;
• To print data from each component of matrix:
for(row = 0 ; row < NUMBER_OF_ROWS ; row++) {
for(col = 0 ; col < NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS ; col++)
cout <<“ “ << matrix[row][col] << “ ” ;
cout << endl;
}
Input to the 2D array
const int NUMBER_OF_ROWS = 7;
const int NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS = 6;
int matrix[NUMBER_OF_ROWS][NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS];
int row;
int col;
int sum;
int largest;
int temp;
• To input data into each component of matrix:
for(row = 0 ; row < NUMBER_OF_ROWS ; row++)
for(col = 0 ; col < NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS ; col++)
cin >> matrix[row][col] ;
Class activity: Find Largest Element in Each Row
Assuming a 2-d array having 7 rows and 6 columns, find out the
largest element in each row.
Largest Element in Each Row
const int NUMBER_OF_ROWS = 7;
const int NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS = 6;
Int matrix[NUMBER_OF_ROWS][NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS];
int row, col, sum, largest, temp;
//Largest number in each row
for (row = 0 ; row < NUMBER_OF_ROWS ; row++) {
largest = matrix[row][0] ;
for(col = 1 ; col < NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS ; col++)
if(matrix[row][col] > largest)
largest = matrix[row][col];
cout << “The largest element in row ” << row + 1
<< “ = ” << largest << endl;
}
Class activity
• Program to calculate the average of all the elements in a 1D array
using C++.
Class activity
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n, m, sum = 0;
float average;
n = 10;
int A[n];
cout << "\nEnter Elements of Array:\n";
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cin >> A[i];
sum += A[i];
}
average = sum/n;
cout << "\nAverage: " << average;
}
Class Activity
• Write a program that multiplies two 2-d matrices
using c++:
int main() {
int a[10][10], b[10][10], mult[10][10], r1, c1, r2, c2, i, j, k;
// Storing elements of first matrix.
cout << endl << "Enter elements of matrix 1:" << endl;
for (i = 0; i < r1; ++i)
for (j = 0; j < c1; ++j) {
cout << "Enter element a" << i + 1 << j + 1 << " : ";
cin >> a[i][j];
}
// Storing elements of second matrix. Same as above.
// Multiplying matrix a and b and storing in array mult.
for (i = 0; i < r1; ++i)
for (j = 0; j < c2; ++j) {
mult[i][j] = 0;
for (k = 0; k < c1; ++k) {
mult[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j];
} }
return 0;
}
