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DBMS Basic Notes

A DBMS (Database Management System) is software that enables users to create, manage, and access databases, serving as an interface between the database and applications while ensuring data security, consistency, and integrity. Key concepts include databases, schemas, tables, records, fields, keys, and SQL, along with advantages such as data organization, integrity, security, sharing, and recovery. Common types of DBMS include relational and NoSQL systems, with operations categorized into DDL, DML, and DCL, and additional concepts like transactions, ACID properties, normalization, and indexing.

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12 views2 pages

DBMS Basic Notes

A DBMS (Database Management System) is software that enables users to create, manage, and access databases, serving as an interface between the database and applications while ensuring data security, consistency, and integrity. Key concepts include databases, schemas, tables, records, fields, keys, and SQL, along with advantages such as data organization, integrity, security, sharing, and recovery. Common types of DBMS include relational and NoSQL systems, with operations categorized into DDL, DML, and DCL, and additional concepts like transactions, ACID properties, normalization, and indexing.

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amanmalikup786
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What is a DBMS?

● A DBMS is a software system that allows users to create, manage, and access
databases.
● It acts as an interface between the database and applications, ensuring data security,
consistency, and integrity.

Key Concepts:

● Database: A structured collection of interrelated data, stored in a computer system.


● Schema: The logical structure of a database, defining its tables, attributes, and
relationships.
● Table: A collection of related data entries, organized into rows (records) and columns
(fields).
● Record: A single entity in a table, containing values for each attribute.
● Field: A column in a table, representing a specific attribute of the data.
● Key: A field or a combination of fields that uniquely identifies each record in a table.
● SQL (Structured Query Language): The standard language for interacting with
databases, used for tasks like data retrieval, modification, and administration.

Advantages of Using a DBMS:

● Data organization and efficiency: Stores and retrieves data efficiently, handling large
volumes of information.
● Data integrity and consistency: Maintains accuracy and consistency of data,
preventing errors and duplication.
● Data security: Protects sensitive data from unauthorized access, ensuring
confidentiality and privacy.
● Data sharing and multi-user access: Allows multiple users to access and modify
data concurrently, managing conflicts effectively.
● Data recovery: Provides mechanisms to recover data in case of system failures or
errors.

Common DBMS Types:

● Relational DBMS (RDBMS): The most common type, stores data in tables with
relationships between them (e.g., MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server).
● NoSQL DBMS: Non-relational databases, designed for flexible data structures and
large-scale applications (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra).

Basic Operations in a DBMS:

● Data Definition Language (DDL): Used to define the database structure (create, alter,
drop tables).
● Data Manipulation Language (DML): Used to manipulate data within the database
(insert, update, delete records).
● Data Control Language (DCL): Used to control access to the database and its
objects (grant, revoke permissions).

Additional Concepts:

● Transactions: A set of operations that must be executed as a single unit, ensuring


data integrity (e.g., bank transfers).
● ACID properties: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability, ensuring reliable
transactions.
● Normalization: The process of organizing data to reduce redundancy and improve
efficiency.
● Indexing: A technique for speeding up data retrieval by creating references to specific
data values.

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