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Relationship Between Generator Load and Torque

As generator load increases, the required torque to drive the generator also increases to maintain constant speed. This relationship is due to the need for more mechanical power from the engine to generate additional electrical power. If torque does not increase with load, the generator's rpm, voltage, and frequency will drop, negatively impacting ship systems.

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153 views2 pages

Relationship Between Generator Load and Torque

As generator load increases, the required torque to drive the generator also increases to maintain constant speed. This relationship is due to the need for more mechanical power from the engine to generate additional electrical power. If torque does not increase with load, the generator's rpm, voltage, and frequency will drop, negatively impacting ship systems.

Uploaded by

Min Theim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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🔹 What is the Relationship Between

Generator Load and Torque?


✅ As generator load increases, the torque required to drive the generator also increases.

In simple words:
➡️More load = More torque needed.
➡️Less load = Less torque needed.

🔹 Why Does This Happen?


Here’s the idea:

1. When a generator supplies more electrical load (lights, motors, pumps, etc.),
2. It must generate more electrical power.
3. Electrical power comes from mechanical power given by the engine (prime mover).
4. Mechanical power = Torque × Speed.

✅ Speed is usually kept constant (like 720 rpm, 900 rpm, or 1800 rpm).
✅ So to produce more mechanical power, the engine must increase torque.

🔹 Simple Formula:
Mechanical Power (kW) = Torque (Nm) × Speed (rpm) × Constant

(Where Constant depends on units used.)

⚡ If load increases → required kW increases → required torque increases (speed fixed).

🔹 Real Ship Example:


 Normal ship generator running with 50% load → engine needs medium torque.
 Suddenly, more machines (cargo pumps, winches) start → load rises to 80%.
 The generator draws more current.
 Engine automatically increases fuel injection to produce more torque.
 Torque rises to match the new electrical load.

✅ If torque does not increase properly, generator rpm will fall, and voltage & frequency will
drop (bad for ship systems).

🔹 Graph Idea (Visual):


markdown
CopyEdit
Torque
↑
|
| /
| /
| /
| /
|___________/___________________→ Load (%)

✅ (More load → more torque needed.)

🔹 Important Points to Remember:


 Generator speed must stay constant → frequency must be steady (like 50Hz or 60Hz).
 To maintain steady speed under increasing load, torque must increase.
 Fuel system (in diesel engines) or governor controls help automatically adjust torque.

🔥 One Line Summary:


"In a generator, when electrical load increases, the prime mover must provide more torque
to maintain constant speed."

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