concept of

community
SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE WITH INDIVIDUALS
JEROME SARDUAL, RSW
 WHO IS THE COMMUNITY?
Based on the levels of interaction, there are 3 types:

1. PRIMARY COMMUNITY - when people “touch elbows” and meet daily.

2. SECONDARY COMMUNITY - when people have the opportunity to meet
weekly at the market.
3. TTERTIARY COMMUNITY - when people meet monthly or more often, but
at least annualy at the fiesta.
community
A group of people who occupy a common
contiguous territory, possessed of a common
set of traditions associated with their living
together in that territory, and served by a set of
local institutions in which the people are
conscious of their common interest.
community
Aa s network of informal relationships between
people connected with each other by kinship,
common interest, geographical proximity,
friendship, occupation or the giving and
receiving of services or various combination of
theses.
community
Talcott Parson defined community as
collectivity among the members which
shared a common territorial area as their
base of operation for daily activities.
According to Tonnies, community is defined
as an organic natural kind of social group
whose members are bound together by the
sense of belongingness, created out of
everyday contacts covering the whole range
of human activities.
community
Some of the connections which bind people together
into a community for a sociologist are the following:

1. Common geographical area

2. Common interest
3. Ethnic Origin
4. Disability
5. Common Purpose
6. Consistency of interaction
7. Common/shared values, beliefs and outlook
8. Common perception of experience
community
as a Natural Local Area

The community has 2 related aspects, the

geographical and the psychological.
Geographically it may be considered as a
contiguous distribution of people with their
social institutions .... psychological, we may
think of the community in terms of the
elements that combine to make it a dynamic
and living entity.
community
as a Natural Local Area

The community has 2 related aspects, the

geographical and the psychological.
Geographically it may be considered as a
contiguous distribution of people with their
social institutions .... psychological, we may
think of the community in terms of the
elements that combine to make it a dynamic
and living entity.
 types of
communities
1. FORMAL COMMNITIES
2. INFORMAL CIOMMUNITIES
3. URBAN COMMUNITIES
4. RURAL COMMUNITIES
5. GLOBAL COMMUNITIES
6. SECTORAL COMMUNITIES
7. SOCIAL SPACE COMMUNITIES
 FORMAL COMMUNITIES
Engage in joint activities and discussion, help each other,
and share information with each other; they care about
their standing with each other.
EXAMPLES OF FORMAL COMMUNITIES

Ecovillages
Co-housing
Communities
Co-ops Communities
Religious Communities
EXAMPLES OF FORMAL COMMUNITIES
 INFORMAL COMMUNITIES
Consists of a set of personal relations, social networks,
common interest and emotional sources of motivation.
EXAMPLES OF FORMAL COMMUNITIES

Academic Community
Recreation Communities
Retirement Communities
EXAMPLES OF INFORMAL COMMUNITIES
 URBAN COMMUNITIES
Large in terms of land area and population, advanced in
science and technology, with favorable physical
environment and diverse cultures, and the people are
engaged in various occupations.
CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN COMMUNITY

Advancement in science and technology

Many business establishments, recreational centers,

educational and religious institutions.
People are crowded, class extremes and greater
populations.
CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN COMMUNITY

Many Crimes are committed

Family ties tend to be weak
Limited space
Greater impersonality among neighbors
Higher standard of living

Shortage of employment
Informal settlers are rampant
 URBAN COMMUNITIES
USUALLY PRODUCE THEIR OWN FOOD FOR SUBSISTENCE
CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN COMMUNITY

Greater personal interaction

Deep, long-term relationships
Generally, peace and order exists
Mutual Give and take affairs
Emphasis of shared values
Vernacular is usually spoken
Wider Area
CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN COMMUNITY

Influence of blood relationships in decision making

Homogenous type of culture
Belief in supernatural and superstitious beliefs
Relationship is more personal and informal
Less Pollution
Few establishments and institutions
Few goods and services
 TRIBAL COMMUNITIES
CAN BE DEFINED AS COMMUNITY LIVING IN A HILLY
FOREST OR WELL DEMARCATED AREAS HAVING ITS OWN
CULTURE, RELIGION, LANGUAGE, AND STRONG ETHNIC
IDENTITY.
 TRIBAL COMMUNITIES

Well Demarcated geographic history

Unique culture, folklore, cosmology, belief
system.
They sense of belongingness to their own
community.
They have their own religion.
 GLOBAL COMMUNITIES
IS THE INTERNATIONAL AGGREGATE OF NATION-STATES.
 GLOBAL COMMUNITIES

“WORLD COMMUNITY”
Common point of view towards issues of
human rights, global warming and
climate change, peace and order, socio-
economic conditions as well as disputed
issues such as territorial conflict.
 SECTORAL COMMUNITIES

INCLUDE THE VOLUNTARY

SECTOR OR NON-PROFIT SECTOR
Voluntary, non-profit and non-governmental.
Also called third sector (in contrast to public
and private sector)
NGOs: Non-governmental Organizations
 SOCIAL SPACE COMMUNITIES

BASED ON SOCIAL SPACES

A social space is a physical or virtual space.

Physical: Social Center Gathering Place,
Town Squares, Parks, Pubs, and Shopping
Malls.
Virtual: Online Social Media Websites
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL SPACE

People gather at informational grounds for a

primary purpose other than information
sharing.
Attended by different social types
Social Interaction is a primary activity
Information occurs in many directions
Information is used in alternative ways
Many sub-contexts exist; together they form
grand context.
REFERENCE
Ariola, M. (2017). Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship. Manila:
Unlimited Books Library Services & Publishing Inc.
Thank You for
listening
 major
classifications
of community
SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE WITH INDIVIDUALS
JEROME SARDUAL, RSW
CLASSIFICATIONS OF COMMUNTIES

There are several ways to

classify communities in
community organization,
depending on the perspective
and purpose of the
classification.
BY GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

NEIGHBORHOODS

These are small, geographically

defined areas with a sense of
shared identity and social
interaction.
BY GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

TOWNS AND CITIES

These are larger
settlements with more
complex social structures
and institutions.
BY GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

REGIONS
These are even larger areas
with shared
characteristics, such as
climate, history, or culture.
BY GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

REGIONS
These are the largest
political units, with their
own governments and
laws.
BY SHARED INTEREST OR IDENTITY

Communities of Interest

These are the largest

political units, with their
own governments and
laws.
BY SHARED INTEREST OR IDENTITY

iDENTITY-BASED

These are groups of people

who share a common
identity, such as ethnicity,
religion, or sexual
orientation.
BY SHARED INTEREST OR IDENTITY

COMMUNITIES OF NEED

These are groups of people

who share a common need,
such as access to housing,
healthcare, or education.
BY FUNCTION OR PURPOSE

COMMUNITIES OF PRACTICE

These are groups of people

who share a common
practice, such as a
profession or trade, and
learn from each other.
BY FUNCTION OR PURPOSE

COMMUNITIES OF ACTION

These are groups of people

who come together to take
action on a common issue.
REFERENCE
Community Psychology: How to Identify Different Types of Communities

LinkedIn: Types of Communities & ESN Groups: Community Psychology: How

to Identify Different Types of Communities
ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNITY
SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE WITH INDIVIDUALS
JEROME SARDUAL, RSW
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNITY

Group of People
A definite locality
Community Sentiment
Naturality
Permanence
Similarity
Wider Ends
A particular Name
No legal status
Size of Community
1. GROUP OF PEOPLE

A group of people is the most fundamental or essential

characteristics or element of community.

When a group of people live together and share a common

life and bind by a strong sense of community consciousness
at that moment a community is formed
2. A DEFINITE LOCALITY

It is the next important of characteristics of a community,

because community is a territorial group, a group of people
alone cant form a community only when they reside in a
definite territory, the territory need not be fixed forever.
3. COMMUNITY SENTIMENT

Community sentiment refers to a strong sense of awe

feeling among the members or a feeling belonging together.
It refers to a sentiment of common living that exists among
the members of a locality, because of common living within
an area for a long time a sentiment of common living is
created among the members of that area.
4. Naturality

communities are naturally organized it is neither a product

of human will nor created by an act of government it grows
spontaneously individuals became the member by birth.
4. Permanence

Community always a permanent

group it refers to a permanent
living of individuals within a
definite territory it is not
temporary like that of a crowd or
association.
4. Permanence

Community always a permanent

group it refers to a permanent
living of individuals within a
definite territory it is not
temporary like that of a crowd or
association.
5. Similarity

The members of a community are similar in a number

of ways, as they live within a definite locality they lead
a common ends, among the members similarity in
language, culture, customs, and traditions and in many
other things is observed, similarities in these respects
are responsible for the development of community
sentiment.
6. Wider Ends

A community has wider ends, members of a community

associate not for the fulfillment of a particular end but for
a variety of ends, these are natural for a community.
7. Total Organized Social Life

A community is marked by total organized social life, it

means a community includes all aspects of social life,
hence a community is a society in miniature.

8. A Particular Name
Every community has a particular name by which it is known
to the world.
10. No Legal Status

A community has no legal status because it is not a legal

person, it has no rights and duties in the eyes of law, it is
not created by the law.

11. Size of Community

A community is classified on the basis of its size.
distinctive features
of co as a social work
method
SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE WITH INDIVIDUALS
JEROME SARDUAL, RSW
CO AS SOCIAL WORK METHOD

Characteristics of the community organizational model

include; understanding the context and root causes of
health issues. Collaborative decision making and problem
solving. Focusing efforts on specific issues.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A PROGRESSIVE
COMMUNITY
When we say progressive society we also view the participation of the
people in the society, in which this is the biggest factor in making
changes upon the community, without people participation, change
is impossible.

It is define as a favorable attitude toward urban industrial society, the

belief in mankind’s ability to improve its environment and life
conditions.

Also the ability to intervene in social and economic efficiency of

government interventions
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!
MAJOR AND SECONDARY
COMMUNITYES
SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE WITH INDIVIDUALS
JEROME SARDUAL, RSW
 MAJOR COMMUNITY STRUCTURE
Refers to the primary physical, organizational, and institutional
frameworks that facilitate the functioning of community. These
structures are often tangible and form the backbone of community life,
ensuring the delivery of essential services and the sustenance of
societal norms.

Key Features

Physical Infrastructures
Institutional Frameworks
Economic Systems
Cutural and Social Structures
 SECONDARY COMMUNITY STRUCTURE

Are ancillary frameworks that support the functioning of a community

but are not central toi its survival. These structures enhance the quality
of life, promote specialized interests, and often operate as an extension
or supplements to major structures.

Key Features

Interest-base Organizations
Communication Networks
Cultural Enrichment
Specialized Services
DIMENSIONS OF
COMMUNITY
SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE WITH INDIVIDUALS
JEROME SARDUAL, RSW
 THE TECHNOLOGICAL DIMENSION

The technological dimension of community is its capital, its tools and skills,
and ways of dealing with the physical environment. It is the interface
between humanity and nature.
 THE ECONOMIC DIMENSION

The economic dimension of community is its various ways and means of

production and allocation of scarce and useful goods and services (wealth),
whether that is through gift giving, obligations, barter, market trade, or
state allocations.
 THE POLITICAL DIMENSION

The political dimension of community is its various ways and means of

allocating power, influence and decision making. It is not the same as
ideology, which belongs to the values dimension. It includes, but is not
limited to, types of governments and management systems. It also includes
how people in small bands or informal groups make decisions when they do
not have a recognized leader.
 THE INSTITUTIONAL DIMENSION

The social or institutional dimension of community is composed of the

ways people act, interact between each other, react, and expect each other
to act and interact. It includes such institutions as marriage or friendship,
roles such as mother or police officer, status or class, and other patterns of
human behaviour.
 THE AESTHETIC-VALUES DIMENSION

The aesthetic-value dimension of community is the structure of ideas,

sometimes paradoxical, inconsistent, or contradictory, that people have
about good and bad, about beautiful and ugly, and about right and wrong,
which are the justifications that people cite to explain their actions.
 THE BELIEFS-CONCEPTUAL DIMENSION

The belief-conceptual (Worldview) dimension of community is another

structure of ideas, also sometimes contradictory, that people have about
the nature of the universe, the world around them, their role in it, cause
and effect, and the nature of time, matter, and behaviour.
THANK YOU!!