1.
WRITE A C ++ PROGRAM TO EXECUTE THE BASIC COMMANDS OF AN ARRAY
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
// Declare an array of 5 integers
int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
// Accessing and printing array elements
cout << "Array elements: ";
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
cout << arr[i] << " ";
cout << endl;
// Modify an array element
arr[2] = 10; // Changing the third element to 10
// Print array after modification
cout << "Array after modification: ";
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
cout << arr[i] << " ";
cout << endl;
// Find sum of array elements
int sum = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
sum += arr[i];
}
// Find average of array elements
double average = sum / 5.0;
// Print sum and average
cout << "Sum of array elements: " << sum << endl;
cout << "Average of array elements: " << average << endl;
return 0;
Output:
Array elements: 1 2 3 4 5
Array after modification: 1 2 10 4 5
Sum of array elements: 22
Average of array elements: 4.4
2.Write a C++ Program to create a Matrix and Perform the operations Addition ,Inverse, Transpose,and
multiplication operations.
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
// Function to display a matrix
void displayMatrix(double matrix[3][3], int rows, int cols) {
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
cout << setw(5) << matrix[i][j] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
// Function to add two matrices
void addMatrices(double matrix1[3][3], double matrix2[3][3], double result[3][3], int rows, int cols) {
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
result[i][j] = matrix1[i][j] + matrix2[i][j];
// Function to find the transpose of a matrix
void transposeMatrix(double matrix[3][3], double result[3][3], int rows, int cols) {
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
result[j][i] = matrix[i][j];
// Function to calculate the determinant of a matrix
double determinant(double matrix[3][3], int n) {
double det = 0;
if (n == 2) {
det = matrix[0][0] * matrix[1][1] - matrix[0][1] * matrix[1][0];
} else if (n == 3) {
det = matrix[0][0] * (matrix[1][1] * matrix[2][2] - matrix[1][2] * matrix[2][1])
- matrix[0][1] * (matrix[1][0] * matrix[2][2] - matrix[1][2] * matrix[2][0])
+ matrix[0][2] * (matrix[1][0] * matrix[2][1] - matrix[1][1] * matrix[2][0]);
return det;
// Function to find the inverse of a matrix
bool inverseMatrix(double matrix[3][3], double inverse[3][3], int n) {
double det = determinant(matrix, n);
if (det == 0) {
cout << "Inverse cannot be calculated as determinant is zero!" << endl;
return false;
double adjoint[3][3];
// Finding adjoint
adjoint[0][0] = matrix[1][1] * matrix[2][2] - matrix[1][2] * matrix[2][1];
adjoint[0][1] = -(matrix[1][0] * matrix[2][2] - matrix[1][2] * matrix[2][0]);
adjoint[0][2] = matrix[1][0] * matrix[2][1] - matrix[1][1] * matrix[2][0];
adjoint[1][0] = -(matrix[0][1] * matrix[2][2] - matrix[0][2] * matrix[2][1]);
adjoint[1][1] = matrix[0][0] * matrix[2][2] - matrix[0][2] * matrix[2][0];
adjoint[1][2] = -(matrix[0][0] * matrix[2][1] - matrix[0][1] * matrix[2][0]);
adjoint[2][0] = matrix[0][1] * matrix[1][2] - matrix[0][2] * matrix[1][1];
adjoint[2][1] = -(matrix[0][0] * matrix[1][2] - matrix[0][2] * matrix[1][0]);
adjoint[2][2] = matrix[0][0] * matrix[1][1] - matrix[0][1] * matrix[1][0];
// Finding inverse
double invDet = 1.0 / det;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
inverse[i][j] = adjoint[i][j] * invDet;
return true;
// Function to multiply two matrices
void multiplyMatrices(double matrix1[3][3], double matrix2[3][3], double result[3][3], int rows, int cols)
{
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
result[i][j] = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < cols; k++) {
result[i][j] += matrix1[i][k] * matrix2[k][j];
int main() {
// Define two 3x3 matrices
double matrix1[3][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
double matrix2[3][3] = {{9, 8, 7}, {6, 5, 4}, {3, 2, 1}};
double result[3][3];
double inverse[3][3];
// Display matrices
cout << "Matrix 1: " << endl;
displayMatrix(matrix1, 3, 3);
cout << "Matrix 2: " << endl;
displayMatrix(matrix2, 3, 3);
// Matrix Addition
addMatrices(matrix1, matrix2, result, 3, 3);
cout << "\nMatrix Addition (Matrix1 + Matrix2): " << endl;
displayMatrix(result, 3, 3);
// Matrix Transpose
transposeMatrix(matrix1, result, 3, 3);
cout << "\nMatrix1 Transpose: " << endl;
displayMatrix(result, 3, 3);
// Matrix Inverse
if (inverseMatrix(matrix1, inverse, 3)) {
cout << "\nInverse of Matrix1: " << endl;
displayMatrix(inverse, 3, 3);
// Matrix Multiplication
multiplyMatrices(matrix1, matrix2, result, 3, 3);
cout << "\nMatrix Multiplication (Matrix1 * Matrix2): " << endl;
displayMatrix(result, 3, 3);
return 0;
}
Output:
Matrix 1:
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Matrix 2:
9 8 7
6 5 4
3 2 1
Matrix Addition (Matrix1 + Matrix2):
10 10 10
10 10 10
10 10 10
Matrix1 Transpose:
1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9
Inverse of Matrix1:
Inverse cannot be calculated as determinant is zero!
Matrix Multiplication (Matrix1 * Matrix2):
30 24 18
84 69 54
138 114 90
3.Write a C ++ Program to execute the statistical function:mean,median,mode
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <unordered_map>
using namespace std;
// Function to calculate mean
double mean(vector<int>& data) {
double sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
sum += data[i];
return sum / data.size();
// Function to calculate median
double median(vector<int>& data) {
sort(data.begin(), data.end());
int n = data.size();
if (n % 2 == 0) {
return (data[n / 2 - 1] + data[n / 2]) / 2.0; // Average of two middle elements
} else {
return data[n / 2]; // Middle element
// Function to calculate mode
vector<int> mode(vector<int>& data) {
unordered_map<int, int> frequencyMap;
vector<int> result;
int maxFrequency = 0;
// Calculate frequency of each element
Output:
Enter the number of elements in the data set: 7
Enter the data elements: 1 2 2 3 3 3 4
Mean: 2.57143
Median: 3
Mode: 3
4. Write a C ++ Program to execute the statistical functions : Std deviation,Varience and covariance
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
// Function to calculate mean
double mean(const vector<double>& data) {
double sum = 0;
for (double num : data) {
sum += num;
return sum / data.size();
// Function to calculate variance
double variance(const vector<double>& data) {
double meanValue = mean(data);
double var = 0;
for (double num : data) {
var += pow(num - meanValue, 2);
return var / data.size(); // population variance
// Function to calculate standard deviation
double stdDeviation(const vector<double>& data) {
return sqrt(variance(data)); // Standard deviation is the square root of variance
// Function to calculate covariance between two datasets
double covariance(const vector<double>& data1, const vector<double>& data2) {
if (data1.size() != data2.size()) {
cout << "Datasets must have the same number of elements for covariance calculation!" << endl;
return -1;
double mean1 = mean(data1);
double mean2 = mean(data2);
double cov = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < data1.size(); ++i) {
cov += (data1[i] - mean1) * (data2[i] - mean2);
return cov / data1.size(); // population covariance
int main() {
// Input the data sets
vector<double> data1, data2;
int n;
cout << "Enter the number of elements in the data set: ";
cin >> n;
cout << "Enter the elements of the first dataset: ";
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
double value;
cin >> value;
data1.push_back(value);
cout << "Enter the elements of the second dataset: ";
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
double value;
cin >> value;
data2.push_back(value);
// Calculate Standard Deviation, Variance, and Covariance
double stdDev1 = stdDeviation(data1);
double variance1 = variance(data1);
double stdDev2 = stdDeviation(data2);
double variance2 = variance(data2);
double cov = covariance(data1, data2);
// Output the results
cout << "\nFirst Dataset Statistics:" << endl;
cout << "Standard Deviation: " << stdDev1 << endl;
cout << "Variance: " << variance1 << endl;
cout << "\nSecond Dataset Statistics:" << endl;
cout << "Standard Deviation: " << stdDev2 << endl;
cout << "Variance: " << variance2 << endl;
cout << "\nCovariance between the two datasets: " << cov << endl;
return 0;
Output:
Enter the number of elements in the data set: 5
Enter the elements of the first dataset: 1 2 3 4 5
Enter the elements of the second dataset: 5 4 3 2 1
First Dataset Statistics:
Standard Deviation: 1.41421
Variance: 2
Second Dataset Statistics:
Standard Deviation: 1.41421
Variance: 2
Covariance between the two datasets: -2
5 Write a C ++ Program to draw the skewness.
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
// Function to calculate mean
double mean(const vector<double>& data) {
double sum = 0;
for (double num : data) {
sum += num;
return sum / data.size();
// Function to calculate standard deviation
double standardDeviation(const vector<double>& data) {
double m = mean(data);
double sum = 0;
for (double num : data) {
sum += pow(num - m, 2);
return sqrt(sum / data.size());
// Function to calculate skewness
double skewness(const vector<double>& data) {
double m = mean(data);
double sd = standardDeviation(data);
double sum = 0;
for (double num : data) {
sum += pow((num - m) / sd, 3);
return (data.size() * sum) / ((data.size() - 1) * (data.size() - 2));
int main() {
vector<double> data;
int n;
cout << "Enter the number of data points: ";
cin >> n;
cout << "Enter the data points: ";
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
double value;
cin >> value;
data.push_back(value);
double skew = skewness(data);
cout << "Skewness: " << skew << endl;
return 0;
