Practical

Research 1
PRELIMINARIES &
CHAPTERS 1-3
Research Preliminaries
• Title page
• Table of contents
• List of tables
• List of figures
• List of appendices
Research Chapters
1.0. Abstract
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Literature review
2.2 Problem statement
2.3 Purpose statement
2.4 Assumptions
 Research Chapters
3.0 Research Method
3.1 Research design
3.2 Selection and sources
3.3 Instruments
3.4 Data Collection
3.5 Data Analysis
3.6 Ethical Consideration
1.0 Abstract
• It is a brief summary of the study placed at the beginning of the
journal article. It informs the reader of the background,
methodology, results and conclusion of the study and it usually
composed of 150-250 words.

• You may follow the GMRC (Goals, Methodology, Results, and

Conclusion) format on writing your abstract.
2.0 Introduction
• This part enables the reader to understand the context of the
study.
• Introduction starts with the trends happening within the topic,
the issues that arise, researchers’ objective and the main
contribution of the study.
• Introduction is best written using the TIOC (Trends, Issues,
Objectives, Contribution) format
• It is written in paragraph and proper citation must be observed.
2.1 Literature review
• A review of related literature (RRL) is a detailed review of existing literature
related to the topic of a thesis or dissertation.
• In an RRL, you talk about knowledge and findings from existing literature
relevant to your topic.
• Any written material, information or article found in books, magazines,
periodicals, encyclopedias, journals, newspapers and other publications,
speeches, letter, diaries, bulletin, circular, report that meet the required
expression qualities to be called literature.
Provide information that may support and strengthen the findings of the
study on hand.
2.2 Problem statement
A problem statement is a concise and concrete summary of the research
problem you seek to address. It should:
• Contextualize the problem. What do we already know?
• Describe the exact issue your research will address. What do we still need to
know?
• Show the relevance of the problem. Why do we need to know more about
this?
• Set the objectives of the research. What will you do to find out more?
2.3 Purpose statement
• In this section, the author expresses the value of importance of the
research study.
• It is where the significant contributions of the results of the study are
enumerated.
• Such contributions maybe viewed from the point of the target
beneficiaries like the researcher himself, service providers, client,
society, science, practice of profession, school administrator, etc.
2.4 Assumptions
• Assumptions are statements that are taken for granted or are
considered true, even though they have not been scientifically tested.
• Assumptions are principles that are accepted as being true based on
logic or reasons but without proof and verification.
• In other words, an assumption is an act of faith that does not have
empirical evidence to support it.
Difference Between Assumption & Hypothesis
3.0 Research
Methods
3.1 Research design
• In this section, discuss the approach used in study.
• Research design is the framework of research methods and
techniques chosen by a researcher to conduct a study.
• The design allows researchers to sharpen the research methods
suitable for the subject matter and set up their studies for success.
3.2 Selection And Source
• This section discusses the place or setting of the study.
• It describes in brief the place where the study is conducted.
• Only important features which have the bearing on the present study are
included.
• This Describes the demographic characteristics of the respondents of
the study.
• This also discusses the sampling technique used in the selection
respondents.
• This part must state clearly the inclusion and exclusion criteria in
choosing the respondents of the study.
3.3 Instruments
• There are the tools used to collect, measure, and analyze data related
to your research interests.
• A research instrument can include interviews, tests, surveys, or
checklists.
• Equipment and materials that was used should be described and
explained.
3.4 Data Collection
• It is the process of gathering and measuring information on variables
of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to
answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate
outcomes.
• The step-by-step process must be explained comprehensively by the
researcher.
• The presentation of methods should be in chronological order.
3.5 Data Analysis
• In this section, it analyzes and interprets the data gathered out of the
instruments used in the study presented according to the specific
problems.
3.6 Ethical Consideration
• Research ethics are the set of ethical guidelines that guides us on
how scientific research should be conducted and disseminated.
• It govern the standards of conduct for scientific researchers It is the
guideline for responsibly conducting the research.
• Enumerate the ethical principles maintained in the study such as;
Research Ethics Principles
Research Ethics
Description
Principles
Voluntary Participants should agree to take part in your research without any coercion or
participation pressure. They are free to opt in or out of the study at any point in time.

Participants should be fully informed about what they are expected to do in your
research, what data you will collect from them, how you will use and store their data,
Informed consent and what rights they have as participants. You should also inform them about their
right to withdraw from the research at any time without any negative consequences

Participants should not be identifiable by their names or other personal information in

Anonymity your research report or publication. You should use pseudonyms, codes, or numbers
to refer to them, and avoid disclosing any details that could reveal their identity
 Research Ethics
Description
Principles
Participants' data should be kept secure and private, and only accessible by
authorized persons. You should not share or disclose their data to anyone without
Confidentiality their permission, unless required by law or ethical guidelines. You should also destroy
or anonymize their data after the completion of your research or as agreed with them

Participants should not be exposed to any physical, psychological, emotional, social, or

economic harm or discomfort as a result of your research. You should minimize any
Potential for harm potential risks or harm by using appropriate methods and procedures, and by
providing support or assistance to participants if needed. You should also report any
adverse events or incidents that occur during your research to the relevant authorities

Participants should be informed about the outcomes and implications of your research
and have access to your research report or publication if they wish. You should also
Results acknowledge their contributions and thank them for their participation. You should not
communication falsify, fabricate, plagiarize, or misrepresent your data, results, methods, or
procedures in your research report or publication. Declaration of AI tools that was used
in the study should be stated in this section.
ANY QUESTIONS?