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CPP Notes

This document provides an overview of C++, a general-purpose programming language that supports both procedural and object-oriented programming. It covers key concepts such as program structure, variables, data types, operators, conditional statements, loops, functions, arrays, strings, object-oriented programming principles, inheritance, file handling, and the Standard Template Library (STL). Additionally, it includes code examples to illustrate each concept.

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25 views4 pages

CPP Notes

This document provides an overview of C++, a general-purpose programming language that supports both procedural and object-oriented programming. It covers key concepts such as program structure, variables, data types, operators, conditional statements, loops, functions, arrays, strings, object-oriented programming principles, inheritance, file handling, and the Standard Template Library (STL). Additionally, it includes code examples to illustrate each concept.

Uploaded by

Rsdkm minecraft
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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C++ Notes

1. Introduction to C++:

- C++ is a general-purpose programming language.

- Supports both procedural and object-oriented programming.

- Extension of the C language.

2. Structure of a C++ Program:

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

cout << "Hello, World!";

return 0;

3. Variables and Data Types:

- Common types: int, float, double, char, bool

int a = 5;

float b = 3.14;

char c = 'A';

bool isTrue = true;

4. Operators:

- Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %

- Relational: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=


- Logical: &&, ||, !

5. Conditional Statements:

if (condition) {

// code

} else if (condition) {

// code

} else {

// code

6. Loops:

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

cout << i << endl;

while (condition) {

// code

do {

// code

} while (condition);

7. Functions:

int add(int a, int b) {

return a + b;
}

8. Arrays:

int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

cout << arr[0];

9. Strings:

string name = "John";

cout << name.length();

10. Object-Oriented Programming:

- Class and Object

class Person {

public:

string name;

int age;

void introduce() {

cout << "Name: " << name << ", Age: " << age;

};

11. Constructors and Destructors:

class MyClass {

public:

MyClass() { cout << "Constructor called!"; }

~MyClass() { cout << "Destructor called!"; }

};
12. Inheritance:

class Animal {

public:

void sound() { cout << "Animal sound"; }

};

class Dog : public Animal {

public:

void bark() { cout << "Woof!"; }

};

13. File Handling:

#include<fstream>

ofstream file("example.txt");

file << "Hello";

file.close();

14. STL (Standard Template Library):

- Useful containers: vector, list, map

#include<vector>

vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3};

v.push_back(4);

15. Useful Functions and Keywords:

- sizeof(), return, break, continue, new, delete

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