Internet
• Network of interconnected computers around the
world.
• A network of computer networks which
operates world-wide using a common set of
communications protocols.
• A computer network consisting of a worldwide
network of computer networks that use the
TCP/IP network protocols to facilitate data
transmission and exchange.
• Visualization of the various routes through a
portion of the Internet:
What do we need to get connected to internet?
• Getting on the Internet requires: – Computer
• – Modem
• – Telephone Line
• – Internet Service Provider (ISP)
• – Communication Software
Types of Internet Connections :
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
• An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that
allows us to use their internet connection for a price.
• When we register with an ISP the followings are
given:
– Username
• A unique name that identifies us.
– Password
• A secret code that prevents other people from using
our account.
Some Popular Internet Service Providers
• AT&T WorldNet
• Microsoft Network
• America Online
In India:
• - VSNL (Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited
• – MTNL (Mahanagar Telecom Nigam Limited)
• – BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited)
• – Satyam Onlile
Communication Software
• Computer needs communicate on software to
allow us to get connected to, and interact with, the
Internet.
• Communication software is of two types: –
Software that Helps Establish Basic Internet
Connectivity
• Software that helps to browse, access e-mail etc.
Intranet :
• An Intranet is a computer network that is
designed to work like the internet but in a much
smaller scale and is restricted only to the
employees of the company. It is possible to run
FTP, HTTP, and mail servers in the intranet that is
independent and inaccessible from the internet
without proper authorization.
• It is often necessary to have access to the
internet from within your intranet, that is why
intranets are placed behind a firewall.
Major Differences :
• Inter means between and intra means within.
The Internet is an open, public space, while
an intranet is designed to be a private space. An
intranet may be accessible from the Internet, but as
a rule it's protected by a password and accessible
only to employees or other authorized users.
• Another difference between the two is that we may
access an intranet from the Internet, but not the
other way around.
• An intranet is much faster as it doesn't rely on data
from around the world because its data is stored
locally on the company's servers.
Basic Internet Terms
World Wide Web (WWW)/Web :
• Is a collection of linked documents or pages , stored in millions
of computers and distributed across the world.
• Tim Berners-Lee, a scientist at CERN (The European
Organization for Nuclear Research invented the World Wide
Web (WWW) in 1989.
• The Web was originally developed to meet the demand for
automatic information sharing between scientists working in
different universities and institutes all over the world.
• The basic idea of the WWW was to merge the technologies of
personal computers, computer networking and hypertext into a
powerful and easy to use global information system.
• The World Wide Web, abbreviated as WWW and commonly
known as The Web, is a system of interlinked hypertext
documents contained on the Internet. The web uses a specific
internet protocol called HTTP to support hypertext document.
• With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain
text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate
between them by using hyperlinks.
Hypertext
• Hypertext is text displayed on a computer or other
electronic device with references (hyperlinks) to
other text that the reader can immediately access,
usually by a mouse click or keypress sequence.
• Apart from running text, hypertext may contain
tables, images and other presentational devices.
Hypertext is the underlying concept defining the
structure of the World Wide Web, making it an
easy-to-use and flexible format to share information
over the Internet.
Web Page :
The hypertext documents on the WWW are known as Web
pages. A web page is written in a language called HTML
(Hyper Text Markup Language) which enables to embed
hypertext links in the document. Using these hyperlinks,
the user can jump from one web page to another.
Web Site :
A web site is a set of related web pages, published by an
organization or an individual. Typically, a web site
contains home page along with other additional Web
pages. Each Web site is accessed by its own address
known as URL. All the Web sites on the Internet constitute
the WWW.
Web Browser
• A web browser is a software application for retrieving,
presenting, and traversing information resources on the
World Wide Web. An information resource is
identified by a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) and
may be a web page, image, video, or other piece of
content.
• Example of Web Browser:
• Mosaic
• Internet Explorer
• Netscape Navigator
• Mozilla Firefox
Browsers are of two types – Graphical Browser and Text
Browser. (Lynx is an example of text browser)
Web Page and Websites
• W3 contains several millions of pages of information.
Each of these pages is called a Web Page.
• A webpage or web page is a document or resource of
information that is suitable for the World Wide Web
and can be accessed through a web browser and
displayed on a computer screen.
• A web page can contain text, pictures, sound,
animation and video.
• A group of related web pages that are linked together
form a Web Site.
• The first page of a web site is called the Home Page.
Universal Resource Locator (URL)
• Each web page has a unique address called Universal
Resource Locator (URL).
• Contains unique information about the server and the
path on the server to find and retrieve the information
Example: http://www.usd.edu/trio/tut/start/url.html
http:// protocol – rules through which transmission
takes place over the internet.
www.usd.edu/ server name - computer domain name
trio/tut/start/ pathname to the directory you are requesting
url.html filename you are requesting
Search Engine
• A web search engine is designed to search for
information on the World Wide Web. The search
results are usually presented in a list of results and
are commonly called hits.
• Few examples of web search engines are:
• Google.com
• Yahoo.com
• Ask.com
• Bing.com
• TripleMe.com
• Shopzilla.com
Electronic mail
•Electronic mail, most commonly abbreviated email or e-mail, is a
method of exchanging digital messages.
•E-mail systems are based on a store-and-forward model in which
e-mail server computer systems accept, forward, deliver and store
messages on behalf of users, who only need to connect to the
e-mail infrastructure, typically an e-mail server.
Creating Email
•The users can have email account in any one of the email services
such as gmail, yahoo mail, rediffmail etc.
To create an email account in any one these email services the
user need to enter the address of the service in the browser first.
The service will prompt the user to know whether a new user or
not. For a new user then the service will guide step by step to
create his/her own email id.
Email Addresses
•Email addresses are made up of at least two parts. One part is the name of
a mail domain that will ultimately translate to either the recipient's host or
some host that accepts mail on behalf of the recipient. The other part is
some form of unique user identification. Most e-mail addresses are set up
like this: it is your username, then an @ ('at') symbol, and then a domain
name (something .com, .net, or .org in most cases).
Using Email
Using e-mail is rather straightforward. Once you have an account set up,
select the option that says something like "new e-mail message" or "create
a new message". The service will prompt with three boxes (called fields):
To:
Subject:
Body
Attachment
To field: In the To field type the complete e-mail address of the person
who will receive the e-mail.
Subject and Body fields: Type anything you want in the subject and
body fields, but remember the length of the subject is limited.
Attachments: Click the Attach a file or Attachment link to add files to the
message.
Sending the message
Once filling all the required fields and attaching files to the
message click Send button to send the message.
You can forward (make a copy) of a message you receive
from someone (if you have their permission if necessary)
and mail it to someone else with the forward option.
CC and BCC
CC stands for carbon copy. If you want to send a message
to multiple people, add the extra people in the CC: field
(usually you separate their e-mail addresses by commas).
BCC stands for blind carbon copy. BCC works just like a
carbon copy, except the e-mail addresses you type in BCC
do not show up to the other recipients. (Example: You
send a message To: Mary and BCC: Joey. Joey will see
Mary's e-mail address, but Mary won't see Joey's e-mail
address because you "blinded" it by putting it in the BCC
field.)
