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Humidity Sensor

A humidity sensor measures the moisture content in the air and is used in various applications such as weather monitoring and HVAC systems. There are three main types of humidity sensors: capacitive, resistive, and thermal, each with specific working principles and examples like DHT11 and DHT22. While they are inexpensive and widely available, limitations include the need for calibration and sensitivity to temperature variations.

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17 views2 pages

Humidity Sensor

A humidity sensor measures the moisture content in the air and is used in various applications such as weather monitoring and HVAC systems. There are three main types of humidity sensors: capacitive, resistive, and thermal, each with specific working principles and examples like DHT11 and DHT22. While they are inexpensive and widely available, limitations include the need for calibration and sensitivity to temperature variations.

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g68102259
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Humidity Sensor

>>Description: A humidity sensor (also called a • Available in compact, low-power versions for embedded
systems.
hygrometer) is a device that measures the moisture content
• Suitable for real-time environmental monitoring.
(humidity) in the air. It’s commonly used in weather monitoring,
• Widely supported with libraries and documentation.
HVAC systems, greenhouses, and electronic devices for
• Inexpensive and readily available.
environmental sensing.
>>Limitations:
• May require periodic calibration for accuracy.

• Slower response time in enclosed or low-airflow areas.

• Accuracy can degrade over time or with exposure to

chemicals.

• Some low-cost sensors have limited operating ranges.

• Sensitive to temperature variations without

compensation.

>>How the Sensor Processes Data:


• Humidity Sensing Layer responds to atmospheric
moisture.
>> Working Principle: • Analog Front-End converts the raw signal (capacitance
• Relative Humidity (RH) – the percentage of moisture in the air or resistance) into voltage.
relative to the maximum it can hold at a given temperature. • ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) inside the sensor
digitizes this signal.
There are three main types of humidity sensors: • Calibration & Compensation Circuitry corrects for
temperature drift and non-linearity.
• Capacitive – Measures changes in capacitance caused by • Microcontroller Interface (like I²C or 1-Wire) sends
humidity-absorbing material. Most common in digital sensors. humidity (and often temperature) data to a host
• Resistive – Measures changes in electrical resistance as device (e.g., Arduino, Raspberry Pi).
humidity affects a conductive polymer.
• Thermal – Uses the difference in thermal conductivity >>Relation to temperature:
between dry and moist air.
• Relative humidity is strongly dependent on
>> Examples of Common Humidity Sensors: temperature.
• Many digital humidity sensors also measure
• DHT11 – Low-cost, basic sensor, suitable for hobby projects
temperature to compensate and provide more
(20–80% RH, ±5% accuracy).
accurate RH readings.
• DHT22 (AM2302) – More accurate and wider range than
• For instance, the DHT22 gives both temperature and
DHT11.
RH in a single digital output.
• SHT3x/SHT4x – High-precision sensors with I²C interface.
• BME280 – Combined sensor for humidity, temperature, and >>DHT11/DHT22 Temperature and Humidity
pressure.
Sensor with Arduino:
>>Applications:
https://youtu.be/1AgcNQ-J0Y8?si=F3GoxRcWe12OrbP8
• Electronic compasses
• Heading sensors in drones/robotics
• Vehicle navigation
• Industrial magnetometers
• Metal detection
• Smartphones/tablets (orientation detection)
>>Advantages:
• Easy to interface with microcontrollers using digital or analog
output.

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