9.
(A)Simple inheritance
Aim :
To write a C++ Program to demonstrate the Simple inheritance.
Source code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A {
private:
int a;
protected:
int x; // Can access by the derived class
public:
void setVal(int v)
{
x = v;
}
};
class B : private A {
public:
void printVal(void)
{
setVal(10); // accessing public member function here
// protected data member direct access here
cout << "value of x: " << x << endl;
}
};
int main()
{
B objB; // derived class creation
objB.printVal();
return 0;
}
Output:
9(B) Multiple Inheritance.
Aim:
To write a C++ Program to demonstrate the Multiple Inheritance.
Source code:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class M
{
protected:
int m;
public :
void get_M(int );
};
class N
{
protected:
int n;
public:
void get_N(int);
};
class P: public M, public N
{
public:
void display(void);
};
void M::get_M(int x)
{
m=x;
}
void N::get_N(int y)
{
n=y;
}
void P::display(void)
{
cout<<"\n\tm = "<<m<<endl;
cout<<"\n\tn = "<<n<<endl;
cout<<"\n\tm*n = "<<m*n<<endl;
}
int main()
{
P p;
p.get_M(10);
p.get_N(20);
p.display();
return 0;
}
Output:
9(C) Hybrid Inheritance
Aim:
To write a C++ Program to demonstrate the Hybrid Inheritance.
Source code:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class stu
{
protected:
int rno;
public:
void get_no(int a)
{
rno=a;
}
void put_no(void)
{
cout<<"Roll no :: "<<rno<<"\n";
}
};
class test:public stu
{
protected:
float part1,part2;
public:
void get_mark(float x,float y)
{
part1=x;
part2=y;
}
void put_marks()
{
cout<<"Marks obtained :\n"<<"part1 = "<<part1<<"\n"<<"part2 = "<<part2<<"\n";
}
};
class sports
{
protected:
float score;
public:
void getscore(float s)
{
score=s;
}
void putscore(void)
{
cout<<"Sports : "<<score<<"\n";
}
};
class result: public test, public sports
{
float total;
public:
void display(void);
};
void result::display(void)
{
total=part1+part2+score;
put_no();
put_marks();
putscore();
cout<<"Total Score = "<<total<<"\n";
}
int main()
{
result stu;
stu.get_no(123);
stu.get_mark(27.5,33.0);
stu.getscore(6.0);
stu.display();
return 0;
}
Output:
9(D) Multilevel Inheritance
Aim
To write a C++ Program to demonstrate the multilevel Inheritance *
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
// single base class
class A {
public:
int a;
void get_A_data()
{
cout << "Enter value of a: ";
cin >> a;
}
};
// derived class from base class
class B : public A {
public:
int b;
void get_B_data()
{
cout << "Enter value of b: ";
cin >> b;
}
};
// derived from class derive1
class C : public B {
private:
int c;
public:
void get_C_data()
{
cout << "Enter value of c: ";
cin >> c;
}
// function to print sum
void sum()
{
int ans = a + b + c;
cout << "sum: " << ans;
}
};
int main()
{
// object of sub class
C obj;
obj.get_A_data();
obj.get_B_data();
obj.get_C_data();
obj.sum();
return 0;
}
9(E) Hierarchical Inheritance
Aim:
To write a C++ program to demonstrate the Hierarchical Inheritance.
Source code:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class A //superclass A
public:
void show_A() {
cout<<"class A"<<endl;
};
class B : public A //subclass B
public:
void show_B() {
cout<<"class B"<<endl;
};
class C : public A //subclass C
public:
void show_C() {
cout<<"class C"<<endl;
};
int main() {
B b; // b is object of class B
cout<<"calling from B: "<<endl;
b.show_B();
b.show_A();
C c; // c is object of class C
cout<<"calling from C: "<<endl;
c.show_C();
c.show_A();
return 0;
output
10.VIRTUAL FUNCTION
AIM :
TO Write a C++ program to demonstrate Virtual Functions.
Source code
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base
public:
virtual void show() = 0;
};
class Derived : public Base
public:
void show()
std::cout << "Derived class is derived from the base class." << std::endl;
};
int main()
Base *bptr;
//Base b;
Derived d;
bptr = &d;
bptr->show();
return 0;
Output:
11. Text File
Aim :
To Write a C++ program to manipulate a Text File.
Source code:
//C++ program to write and read text in/from file.
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
fstream file; //object of fstream class
//opening file "sample.txt" in out(write) mode
file.open("sample.txt",ios::out);
if(!file)
{
cout<<"Error in creating file!!!"<<endl;
return 0;
}
cout<<"File created successfully."<<endl;
//write text into file
file<<"FILE ADDED THE CONTENT.";
//closing the file
file.close();
//again open file in read mode
file.open("sample.txt",ios::in);
if(!file)
{
cout<<"Error in opening file!!!"<<endl;
return 0;
}
//read untill end of file is not found.
char ch; //to read single character
cout<<"File content: ";
while(!file.eof())
{
file>>ch; //read single character from file
cout<<ch;
}
file.close(); //close file
return 0;
}
Output:
13. Command Line Arguments
Aim
To Write a C++ program to find the Biggest Number using Command Line Arguments
Source code:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib> // For atoi function
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
if (argc < 2) {
std::cout << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " <number1> <number2> ... <numberN>\n";
return 1;
}
int highest = std::atoi(argv[1]); // Initialize with the first argument
for (int i = 2; i < argc; ++i) {
int currentNumber = std::atoi(argv[i]);
if (currentNumber > highest) {
highest = currentNumber;
}
}
std::cout << "The largest number is: " << highest << "\n";
return 0;
}
14. Class Template
Aim:
To Write a C++ program to demonstrate Class Template.
Source code:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
template<class T> T add(T &a,T &b)
{
T result = a+b;
return result;
}
int main()
{
int i =2;
int j =3;
float m = 2.3;
float n = 1.2;
cout<<"Addition of i and j is :"<<add(i,j);
cout<<'\n';
cout<<"Addition of m and n is :"<<add(m,n);
return 0;
}
Output:
15. Function template
Aim:
To Write a C++ program to demonstrate Function Template.
Source code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template <typename T>
void func_swap(T &arg1, T &arg2)
{
T temp;
temp = arg1;
arg1 = arg2;
arg2 = temp;
}
int main()
{
int num1 = 10, num2 = 20;
double d1 = 100.53, d2 = 435.54;
char ch1 = 'A', ch2 = 'Z';
cout << "Original data\n";
cout << "num1 = " << num1 << "\tnum2 = " << num2<<endl;
cout << "d1 = " << d1 << "\td2 = " << d2<<endl;
cout << "ch1 = " << ch1 << "\t\tch2 = " << ch2<<endl;
func_swap(num1, num2);
func_swap(d1, d2);
func_swap(ch1, ch2);
cout << "\n\nData after swapping\n";
cout << "num1 = " << num1 << "\tnum2 = " << num2<<endl;
cout << "d1 = " << d1 << "\td2 = " << d2<<endl;
cout << "ch1 = " << ch1 << "\t\tch2 = " << ch2<<endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
16. Exception handling
Aim
To Write a C++ program to demonstrate Exception Handling.
Source code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
double division(int a, int b) {
if( b == 0 ) {
throw "Division by zero condition!";
}
return (a/b);
}
int main () {
int x = 50;
int y = 0;
double z = 0;
try {
z = division(x, y);
cout << z << endl;
} catch (const char* msg) {
cerr << msg << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Output:
