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Lecture01-Part II

The document outlines a lecture on digital image processing, covering topics such as image definitions, types of digital images (binary, intensity, color, indexed), and their storage requirements. It also discusses various fields where digital image processing is applied, including medicine, law enforcement, and human-computer interaction. Additionally, the document highlights fundamental steps in digital image processing, such as image enhancement, segmentation, and object recognition.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

7 views44 pages

Lecture01-Part II

Uploaded by

Zyad Samy

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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DATA SCIENCE PROGRAM

DS617

Image Processing

Lecture 1 – Part II
Lecture Outline
 Introduction To Digital Image Processing
1. Image Definition
2. Image Sources
3. Image Formation
4. Image Processing Definition
5. Digital Image Processing Definition
6. Digital Image Definition
7. Digital Image Capturing
8. Digital Image Sensing
9. Digital Image Representation
10. Criteria For Best Image Representation
11. Digital Image Types
12. Fields Of Digital Image Processing
13. Fundamental Steps In Digital Image Processing
What Are Digital Image Types?

Binary (Black & White) Image

Each pixel is stored in one bit:
1 Represents White
0 Represents Black

Binary Values
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
 
1 1 1 1
 
1 1 1 1
What Are Digital Image Types? - 2
 1-bit Binary Lena Image
• 640×480 black & white image requires about 38 KB of storage
 {[(640 x 480) x 1 Bit /8] = 38400 Bytes} / 1000 = 38.4 KB

4
What Are Digital Image Types? - 3

Intensity (Monochrome) Image

Each pixel is commonly stored in one byte to
represent the shades of gay, so it’s also called
Gray Level (Scale) image.
0 Represents Black
... Represents Gray Shades
255 Represents White

Grey Level Values

10 10 16 28
 9 6 26 37
 
15 25 13 22
 
32 15 87 39
What Are Digital Image Types? - 4
 8-bit Intensity (Monochrome) Lena Image
• 640×480 gray-level (scale) image requires about 300 KB of storage
 {[(640 x 480) x 1 Byte] = 307200 Bytes} / 1000 = 307.2 KB

6
What Are Digital Image Types? - 5

Color (RGB) Image

Each pixel contains a 3-values vector
representing the red, green and blue
components of the color where each
component is stored in one byte.

RGB Components
10 10 16 28
 9 656 70 26
56  43
3756  78
 32 99 54 96  67 
70
15 256013902296  67
  21  54 47  42 
  85 85 43  92
32 15 87 39
54  65 65 39 
32 65 87 99
What Are Digital Image Types? - 6
 24-Bit True (Full) Color Lena Image
• 640×480 colored image requires about 922 KB of storage
 {[(640 x 480) x 3 Bytes] = 921600 Bytes} / 1000 = 921.6 KB

8
What Are Digital Image Types? - 7

9
What Are Digital Image Types? - 8
Indexed (Palette) Colored Image
Each pixel contains an index number pointing
to a 3-values color in a color table (palette).

Color Table (Palette)

Index Red Green Blue
No. component component component

1 0.1 0.5 0.3

2 1.0 0.0 0.0
1 4 9 
6 4 7  3 0.0 1.0 0.0
  4 0.5 0.5 0.5
6 5 2
5 0.2 0.8 0.9
Index value … … … …
What Are Digital Image Types? - 9
 Reasonably accurate color images can be obtained by quantizing the
color information to collapse it.

 8-bit color image (so-called 256 colors) files use the concept of a
lookup table (LUT)/palette to store color information.

 Stores not color but instead an index into a LUT/ palette with 3-byte
values that specify the 24-bit color for a pixel.

 It makes sense to carefully choose just which colors to represent best

in the image: if an image is mostly red sunset, it’s reasonable to
represent red with precision and store only a few greens.

 Note the great savings in space for 8-bit images over 24-bit ones, i.e.,
640 × 480 8-bit color image requires about 300 KB of storage,
compared to 922 KB for a color image. 11
What Are Digital Image Types? - 10

24-Bit True Color Image 8-Bit Indexed Color Image

12
What Are Digital Image Types? - 11
Fields Use Digital Image Processing
 The use of digital image processing techniques has exploded and they
are now used for all kinds of tasks in all kinds of areas:

1. Image Restoration

14
Fields Use Digital Image Processing - 2
2. Image Enhancement

15
Fields Use Digital Image Processing - 3

16
Fields Use Digital Image Processing - 4
3. Image Compression

17
Fields Use Digital Image Processing - 5

18
Fields Use Digital Image Processing -6
4. Medicine:

Edge
Detection

Skin Cancer Breast Cancer

Computer-
Aided
Diagnosis
(CAD)

19
Fields Use Digital Image Processing - 7
5. Law Enforcement:
Number Plate Recognition Fingerprint Recognition

20
Fields Use Digital Image Processing - 8
6. Face/Human Detection

21
Fields Use Digital Image Processing - 9
7. Face Recognition (Identification)

22
Fields Use Digital Image Processing - 10
8. Face/Human Tracking

23
Fields Use Digital Image Processing - 11
9. Human Activity Recognition

24
Fields Use Digital Image Processing - 12
10. Facial Expression Recognition

25
Fields Use Digital Image Processing - 13
11. Smile Detection

26
Fields Use Digital Image Processing - 14
12. Object Recognition

27
Fields Use Digital Image Processing - 15
13. Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)

Gesture Recognition

28
Fields Use Digital Image Processing - 16
14. Iris Recognition

“How the Afghan Girl was Identified by Her Iris Patterns”

29
Fields Use Digital Image Processing - 17
15. Detecting Driver Alertness

30
Fields Use Digital Image Processing - 18
16. Morphing

31
Fields Use Digital Image Processing - 19
17. Image Interpolation

32
Fields Use Digital Image Processing - 20
18. Change Detection

33
Fundamental Steps In Digital Image Processing

Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement