Lecture 5: Introduction to
Digital Image Processing
using MATLAB
Dr. Noha MM. Abdelnapi
Suez University
1
References
“Digital Image Processing”,
Rafael C. Gonzalez & Richard E. Woods,
Addison-Wesley, 2008
http://www.mathworks.com/help/images/index.html
Fundamentals of Digital
Image Processing
A Practical Approach
with Examples in Matlab
Chris Solomon
2011 by John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd
Contents
This lecture will cover:
What is a digital image?
What is digital image processing?
History of digital image processing
State of the art examples of digital image processing
Key stages in digital image processing using matlab
What is a Digital Image?
A digital image is a representation of a two-
dimensional image as a finite set of digital values,
called picture elements or pixels
What is a Digital Image? (cont…)
It is an approximation of a real scene.
It is a representation of a two-dimensional image.
It composed of a finite number of elements called pixels or
picture elements.
Pixel values represent gray levels (intensity).
Remember digitization implies that a digital image is an approximation
of a real scene
1 pixel
What is a Digital Image? (cont…)
Common image formats include:
1 sample per point (B&W or Grayscale)
3 samples per point (Red, Green, and Blue)
RGB Coloring System
What is Digital Image Processing?
Digital image processing focuses on two major tasks
Improvement of pictorial information for human
interpretation
Processing of image data for storage, transmission and
representation for autonomous machine perception-
Some argument about where image processing
ends and fields such as image analysis and
computer vision start
Examples: Image Enhancement
One of the most common uses of DIP techniques:
improve quality, remove noise etc
Examples: GIS (cont…)
Night-Time Lights of the
World data set
Global inventory of human
settlement
Not hard to imagine the
kind of analysis that might
be done using this data
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
Image Enhancement:
taking an image and improving it visually
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
Image Restoration :
taking an image with some known or estimated degradation and restoring it to its
original appearing
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Morphological Processing
extracting image component that are useful in the representation and description of region shape, such
as boundaries, skeletons, and the convex hull
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Segmentation
subdivides an image into its constituent
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Representation & Description
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
Image compression:
reducing the massive amount of data needed to represent an image
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Colour Image Processing
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
Basic Image Import, Processing, and Export
in matlab
This example shows how to read an image into
the workspace, adjust the contrast in the image,
and then write the adjusted image to a file:
Step 1: Read and Display an Image
I = imread('pout.tif');
a file named pout.tif , and stores it in an array named
I.
imread infers from the file that the graphics file
format is Tagged Image File Format (TIFF).
• Display the image, using the imshow function.
• imshow(I)
Cont.
Step 2: Check How the Image Appears in the
Workspace
whos I
Name Size Bytes Class Attributes
I 291x240 69840 uint8
Cont.
Step 3: Improve Image Contrast
Step 4: Write the Adjusted Image to a Disk File
Using Image Processing Toolbox
Summary
We have looked at:
What is a digital image?
What is digital image processing?
State of the art examples of digital image processing
Key stages in digital image processing using matlab
