PEMROGRAMAN
ANDROID
Introduction to Android
Universitas Siber Asia Program Studi:
Riad Sahara, S.SI., M.T.
PJJ Informatika S1
Introduction to Android
2
Contents
●Android is an ecosystem
●Android platform architecture
●Android Versions
●Challenges of Android app development
●App fundamentals
3
Android Ecosystem
4
What is Android?
●Mobile operating system based on Linux kernel
●User Interface for touch screens
●Used on over 80% of all smartphones
●Powers devices such as watches, TVs, and cars
●Over 2 Million Android apps in Google Play store
●Highly customizable for devices / by vendors
●Open source
5
Android user interaction
●Touch gestures: swiping, tapping, pinching
●Virtual keyboard for characters, numbers, and emoji
●Support for Bluetooth, USB controllers and peripherals
6
Android and sensors
Sensors can discover user action and respond
●Device contents rotate as needed
●Walking adjusts position on map
●Tilting steers a virtual car or controls a physical toy
●Moving too fast disables game interactions
7
Android home screen
●Launcher icons for apps
●Self-updating widgets for live content
●Can be multiple pages
●Folders to organize apps
●"OK Google"
8
Android app examples
Pandora Pokemon GO Facebook
Messenger
9
Android Software Developer Kit (SDK)
●Development tools (debugger, monitors, editors)
●Libraries (maps, wearables)
●Virtual devices (emulators)
●Documentation (developers.android.com)
●Sample code
10
Android Studio
● Official Android IDE
● Develop, run, debug,
test, and package apps
● Monitors and
performance tools
● Virtual devices
● Project views
● Visual layout editor
11
Google Play store
Publish apps through Google Play store:
●Official app store for Android
●Digital distribution service operated by Google
12
Android Platform Architecture
13
Android stack
1. System and user apps
2. Android OS API in
Java framework
3. Expose native APIs;
run apps
4. Expose device
hardware capabilities
5. Linux Kernel
14
System and user apps
●System apps have no special status
●System apps provide key capabilities to app developers
Example:
Your app can use a system app to deliver a SMS message.
15
Java API Framework
The entire feature-set of the Android OS is available to you through
APIs written in the Java language.
●View class hierarchy to create UI screens
●Notification manager
●Activity manager for life cycles and navigation
16
Android runtime
Each app runs in its own process with its own instance of the Android
Runtime.
17
C/C++ libraries
●Core C/C++ Libraries give access to core native Android system
components and services.
18
Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)
●Standard interfaces that expose device hardware capabilities as
libraries
Examples: Camera, bluetooth module
19
Linux Kernel
●Threading and low-level memory management
●Security features
●Drivers
20
Older Android versions
Codename Version Released API Level
Honeycomb 3.0 - 3.2.6 Feb 2011 11 - 13
Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0 - 4.0.4 Oct 2011 14 - 15
Jelly Bean 4.1 - 4.3.1 July 2012 16 - 18
Android History and
KitKat 4.4 - 4.4.4 Oct 2013 19 - 20 Platform Versions
for more and earlier
Lollipop 5.0 - 5.1.1 Nov 2014 21 - 22
versions before 2011
21
Newer Android versions
Codename Version Released API Level
Marshmallow 6.0 - 6.0.1 Oct 2015 23
Nougat 7.0 - 7.1 Sept 2016 24 - 25
Oreo 8.0 - 8.1 Sept 2017 26 - 27
Pie 9.0 Aug 2018 28
22
Newer Android versions
Codename Version Released API Level
Android Q 10 3 September
2019
Red Velvet Cake 11 8 September
2020
Snow Cone 12 4 Oktober 2021
Tiramisu 13 10 Februari
2022
23
App Development
24
What is an Android app?
●One or more interactive screens
●Written using Java Programming Language and XML
●Uses the Android Software Development Kit (SDK)
●Uses Android libraries and Android Application Framework
●Executed by Android Runtime Virtual machine (ART)
25
Challenges of Android development
●Multiple screen sizes and resolutions
●Performance: make your apps responsive and smooth
●Security: keep source code and user data safe
●Compatibility: run well on older platform versions
●Marketing: understand the market and your users
(Hint: It doesn't have to be expensive, but it can be.)
26
App building blocks
●Resources: layouts, images, strings, colors as XML and media files
●Components: activities, services, and helper classes as Java code
●Manifest: information about app for the runtime
●Build configuration: APK versions in Gradle config files
27
Learn more
●Android History
●Introduction to Android
●Platform Architecture
●UI Overview
●Platform Versions
●Supporting Different Platform Versions
●Android Studio User’s Guide
28
Referensi
1. Google, D. (2021, 09 24). Dasar-Dasar Developer Android. Retrieved from Google Developers:
https://developers.google.com/training/courses/android-fundamentals?hl=id
Terima Kasih
Riad Sahara, S.SI., MT
