13/01/25, 7:37 PM
about:srcdoc Page 1 of 16
13/01/25, 7:37 PM
Question ID ca50de52
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose
ID: ca50de52
“How lifelike are they?” Many computer animators prioritize this question as they strive to create ever more realistic
environments and lighting. Generally, while characters in computer-animated films appear highly exaggerated,
environments and lighting are carefully engineered to mimic reality. But some animators, such as Pixar’s Sanjay Patel,
are focused on a different question. Rather than asking first whether the environments and lighting they’re creating are
convincingly lifelike, Patel and others are asking whether these elements reflect their films’ unique stories.
Which choice best describes the function of the underlined question in the text as a whole?
It reflects a primary goal that many computer animators have for certain components of the animations they
A. produce.
It represents a concern of computer animators who are more interested in creating unique backgrounds and lighting
B. effects than realistic ones.
It conveys the uncertainty among many computer animators about how to create realistic animations using current
C. technology.
It illustrates a reaction that audiences typically have to the appearance of characters created by computer
D. animators.
about:srcdoc Page 2 of 16
13/01/25, 7:37 PM
Question ID 82cb7dda
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose
ID: 82cb7dda
The field of study called affective neuroscience seeks instinctive, physiological causes for feelings such as pleasure or
displeasure. Because these sensations are linked to a chemical component (for example, the release of the
neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain when one receives or expects a reward), they can be said to have a partly
physiological basis. These processes have been described in mammals, but Jingnan Huang and his colleagues have
recently observed that some behaviors of honeybees (such as foraging) are also motivated by a dopamine-based
signaling process.
What choice best describes the main purpose of the text?
A. It describes an experimental method of measuring the strength of physiological responses in humans.
B. It illustrates processes by which certain insects can express how they are feeling.
It summarizes a finding suggesting that some mechanisms in the brains of certain insects resemble mechanisms in
C. mammalian brains.
It presents research showing that certain insects and mammals behave similarly when there is a possibility of a
D. reward for their actions.
about:srcdoc Page 3 of 16
13/01/25, 7:37 PM
Question ID c966ad55
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose
ID: c966ad55
The following text is from Srimati Svarna Kumari Devi’s 1894 novel The Fatal Garland (translated by A. Christina Albers
in 1910). Shakti is walking near a riverbank that she visited frequently during her childhood.
She crossed the woods she knew so well. The trees seemed to extend their branches like welcoming arms. They
greeted her as an old friend. Soon she reached the river-side.
Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
A. It suggests that Shakti feels uncomfortable near the river.
B. It indicates that Shakti has lost her sense of direction in the woods.
C. It emphasizes Shakti’s sense of belonging in the landscape.
D. It conveys Shakti’s appreciation for her long-term friendships.
about:srcdoc Page 4 of 16
13/01/25, 7:37 PM
Question ID 2af2016f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose
ID: 2af2016f
A study by Dr. Paul Hanel and colleagues concluded that people are more likely to behave politely when listening to
ideas they disagree with if they think about values before they engage in a discussion. Study participants were assigned
to one of two groups. The experimental group spent a few minutes writing about one of their personal values before
they had a group discussion on a controversial topic. And the control group spent a few minutes writing about a drink
(tea, milk, etc.) before their group discussion on that topic. Hanel and colleagues found that the experimental group’s
discussion was more civil than the control group’s discussion was.
Which choice best describes the main purpose of the text?
A. To describe a widely held belief and how a study’s results support that belief
B. To argue that researchers were surprised by the results of a certain study
C. To suggest ways to improve a certain study’s experimental design
D. To explain a study’s conclusion and how a research team arrived at that conclusion
about:srcdoc Page 5 of 16
13/01/25, 7:37 PM
Question ID b13378c8
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose
ID: b13378c8
Early in the Great Migration of 1910–1970, which involved the mass migration of Black people from the southern to the
northern United States, political activist and Chicago Defender writer Fannie Barrier Williams was instrumental in helping
other Black women establish themselves in the North. Many women hoped for better employment opportunities in the
North because, in the South, they faced much competition for domestic employment and men tended to get agricultural
work. To aid with this transition, Barrier Williams helped secure job placement in the North for many women before they
even began their journey.
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
To introduce and illustrate Barrier Williams’s integral role in supporting other Black women as their circumstances
A. changed during part of the Great Migration
To establish that Barrier Williams used her professional connections to arrange employment for other Black women,
B. including jobs with the Chicago Defender
To demonstrate that the factors that motivated the start of the Great Migration were different for Black women than
C. they were for Black men
To provide an overview of the employment challenges faced by Black women in the agricultural and domestic
D. spheres in the southern United States
about:srcdoc Page 6 of 16
13/01/25, 7:37 PM
Question ID d4732483
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose
ID: d4732483
Studying late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century artifacts from an agricultural and domestic site in Texas,
archaeologist Ayana O. Flewellen found that Black women employed as farm workers utilized hook-and-eye closures to
fasten their clothes at the waist, giving themselves a silhouette similar to the one that was popular in contemporary
fashion and typically achieved through more restrictive garments such as corsets. Flewellen argues that this sartorial
practice shows that these women balanced hegemonic ideals of femininity with the requirements of their physically
demanding occupation.
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
To describe an unexpected discovery that altered a researcher’s view of how rapidly fashions among Black female
A. farmworkers in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Texas changed during the period
To discuss research that investigated the ways in which Black female farmworkers in late nineteenth- and early
B. twentieth-century Texas used fashion practices to resist traditional gender ideals
To evaluate a scholarly work that offers explanations for the impact of urban fashion ideals on Black female
C. farmworkers in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Texas
To summarize the findings of a study that explored factors influencing a fashion practice among Black female
D. farmworkers in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Texas
about:srcdoc Page 7 of 16
13/01/25, 7:37 PM
Question ID d9915c15
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose
ID: d9915c15
In 2020, rap artist and professor A.D. Carson published the first peer-reviewed rap album about his experiences with
Black masculinity called “i used to love to dream.” Typically in peer review, experts evaluate scholarly articles prior to
publication. For Carson’s album, dubbed a “mixtap/e/ssay,” peer review involved both scholars and rap artists. In
combining elements of a mixtape album with scholarly essays that connect Carson’s lyrics to historical and
contemporary contexts for listeners both inside and outside academia, Carson’s album helped redefine how scholarship
is created and shared.
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
A. To compare the relative public impact of scholarly articles and albums
B. To capture one scholar’s opinion of a new rap album
C. To explain why a certain rap album is particularly innovative
D. To describe how each step of the peer review process unfolds
about:srcdoc Page 8 of 16
13/01/25, 7:37 PM
Question ID e818241b
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose
ID: e818241b
Astronomers are confident that the star Betelgeuse will eventually consume all the helium in its core and explode in a
supernova. They are much less confident, however, about when this will happen, since that depends on internal
characteristics of Betelgeuse that are largely unknown. Astrophysicist Sarafina El-Badry Nance and colleagues recently
investigated whether acoustic waves in the star could be used to determine internal stellar states but concluded that
this method could not sufficiently reveal Betelgeuse’s internal characteristics to allow its evolutionary state to be firmly
fixed.
Which choice best describes the function of the second sentence in the overall structure of the text?
A. It describes a serious limitation of the method used by Nance and colleagues.
B. It presents the central finding reported by Nance and colleagues.
C. It identifies the problem that Nance and colleagues attempted to solve but did not.
D. It explains how the work of Nance and colleagues was received by others in the field.
about:srcdoc Page 9 of 16
13/01/25, 7:37 PM
Question ID 236fee8e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose
ID: 236fee8e
Archeological excavation of Market Street Chinatown, a nineteenth-century Chinese American community in San Jose,
California, provided the first evidence that Asian food products were imported to the United States in the 1800s: bones
from a freshwater fish species native to Southeast Asia. Jinshanzhuang—Hong Kong–based import/export firms—likely
coordinated the fish’s transport from Chinese-operated fisheries in Vietnam and Malaysia to North American markets.
This route reveals the (often overlooked) multinational dimensions of the trade networks linking Chinese diaspora
communities.
Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
It explains why efforts to determine the country of origin of the items mentioned in the previous sentence remain
A. inconclusive.
It provides information that helps support a claim about a discovery’s significance that is presented in the following
B. sentence.
C. It traces the steps that were taken to locate and recover the objects that are described in the previous sentence.
D. It outlines a hypothesis that additional evidence discussed in the following sentence casts some doubt on.
about:srcdoc Page 10 of 16
13/01/25, 7:37 PM
Question ID eaea6f8f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose
ID: eaea6f8f
Ordinary soap bubbles usually exist for a minute or less before popping due to either a rupture forced by gravity-induced
drainage or the evaporation of the liquid from which the bubble is composed. But physicist Aymeric Roux and
colleagues discovered ways to mitigate these factors, resulting in bubbles that can last for a year or more. For example,
glycerol tends to adhere to water molecules, so a bubble with a shell that contains both water and glycerol is able to
draw additional water molecules from the surrounding air and thereby compensate for evaporation.
Which choice best states the purpose of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
It describes the effects of a process devised by researchers that increases the longevity of an object discussed in
A. the text.
B. It details the circumstances that prompted the research discussed in the text.
It presents a reason why the phenomenon discussed in the text that the researchers wanted to avoid will inevitably
C. occur.
D. It mentions a method discussed in the text that researchers intend to test in future experiments.
about:srcdoc Page 11 of 16
13/01/25, 7:37 PM
Question ID 7d8224f9
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose
ID: 7d8224f9
In 1154, Muhammad al-Idrisi completed a collection of maps of the lands known to medieval Arabic and European
scholars. This collection was titled Al-Kitāb al-Rujārī (The Book of Roger), after the Norman king Roger II who hired him
to create it. To create the collection, al-Idrisi consulted Arabic and Greek maps and interviewed travelers about the lands
they visited. He included these travelers’ stories alongside the map illustrations.
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
A. To discuss the benefits of studying mapmaking
B. To explain how travelers created maps
C. To describe a collection of medieval maps and how it was created
D. To compare medieval Arabic and Greek mapmaking techniques
about:srcdoc Page 12 of 16
13/01/25, 7:37 PM
Question ID 2903a041
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose
ID: 2903a041
Using NASA’s powerful James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), Mercedes López-Morales and colleagues measured the
wavelengths of light traveling through the atmosphere of WASP-39b, an exoplanet, or planet outside our solar system.
Different molecules absorb different wavelengths of light, and the wavelength measurements showed the presence of
carbon dioxide (CO₂) in WASP-39b’s atmosphere. This finding not only offers the first decisive evidence of CO₂ in the
atmosphere of an exoplanet but also illustrates the potential for future scientific breakthroughs held by the JWST.
Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
A. It discusses a method used by some researchers, then states why an alternative method is superior to it.
B. It describes how researchers made a scientific discovery, then explains the importance of that discovery.
C. It outlines the steps taken in a scientific study, then presents a hypothesis based on that study.
It examines how a group of scientists reached a conclusion, then shows how other scientists have challenged that
D. conclusion.
about:srcdoc Page 13 of 16
13/01/25, 7:37 PM
Question ID 066a3295
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose
ID: 066a3295
Researchers have found a nearly 164,000-year-old molar from a member of the archaic human species known as
Denisovans in a cave in Laos, suggesting that Denisovans lived in a wider range of environments than indicated by
earlier evidence. Before the discovery, Denisovans were thought to have lived only at high altitudes in relatively cold
climates in what are now Russia and China, but the discovery of the tooth in Laos suggests that they may have lived at
low altitudes in relatively warm climates in Southeast Asia as well.
Which choice best states the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
A. It dismisses as untrue the research presented in the previous sentence.
B. It defines a term used in the description that follows in the rest of the sentence.
C. It emphasizes the main goal of the research introduced in the previous sentence.
D. It provides context that clarifies the significance of the information that follows in the rest of the sentence.
about:srcdoc Page 14 of 16
13/01/25, 7:37 PM
Question ID ac9a3a26
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose
ID: ac9a3a26
According to historian Vicki L. Ruiz, Mexican American women made crucial contributions to the labor movement
during World War II. At the time, food processing companies entered into contracts to supply United States armed
forces with canned goods. Increased production quotas conferred greater bargaining power on the companies’
employees, many of whom were Mexican American women: employees insisted on more favorable benefits, and
employers, who were anxious to fulfill the contracts, complied. Thus, labor activism became a platform for Mexican
American women to assert their agency.
Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
A. It elaborates on a claim about labor relations in a particular industry made earlier in the text.
B. It offers an example of a trend in the World War II–era economy discussed earlier in the text.
C. It notes a possible exception to the historical narrative of labor activism sketched earlier in the text.
D. It provides further details about the identities of the workers discussed earlier in the text.
about:srcdoc Page 15 of 16
13/01/25, 7:37 PM
Question ID 03c9f327
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose
ID: 03c9f327
The following text is from Charlotte Brontë’s 1847 novel Jane Eyre. Jane, the narrator, works as a governess at
Thornfield Hall.
I went on with my day’s business tranquilly; but ever and anon vague suggestions kept wandering across my brain of
reasons why I should quit Thornfield; and I kept involuntarily framing advertisements and pondering conjectures
about new situations: these thoughts I did not think to check; they might germinate and bear fruit if they could.
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
A. To convey a contrast between Jane’s outward calmness and internal restlessness
B. To emphasize Jane’s loyalty to the people she works for at Thornfield Hall
C. To demonstrate that Jane finds her situation both challenging and deeply fulfilling
D. To describe Jane’s determination to secure employment outside of Thornfield Hall
about:srcdoc Page 16 of 16
