0% found this document useful (0 votes)

26 views254 pages

WCDMA Handover Algorithm and Parameters

Uploaded by

fernando Humanez Larios

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

0% found this document useful (0 votes)

26 views254 pages

WCDMA Handover Algorithm and Parameters

Uploaded by

fernando Humanez Larios

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 254

WCDMA RAN21.

1
Handover Algorithm
and Parameters
www.huawei.com

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Foreword
l Why mobile system need handover?
p The mobility of UE

p Load Balance

p Any others?

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page1

Objectives
l Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
p Explain the features of each handover

p Describe the procedures of each handover

p Perform the parameters setting of each handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2

The Basic Concepts of Handover
l Active set l Maximum ratio combination

l Monitored set l Selective combination

l Detected set l Soft handover gain

l Radio link (RL) l PCPICH

l Radio link set (RLS)

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page3

Contents
1. Intra-Frequency Handover

2. Inter-Frequency Handover

3. Inter-RAT Handover (to GSM)

4. Inter-RAT Handover (to LTE)

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page4

Contents
1. Intra-Frequency Handover
1.1 Intra-Frequency Handover Overview

1.2 Intra-Frequency Handover Measurement

1.3 Intra-Frequency Handover Decision and Execution

1.4 Signaling Procedures for Intra-Frequency Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page5

Intra-Frequency Handover Types
l The carrier frequencies of the current cell and target cell are the
same:
p Intra-frequency soft handover

p Intra-frequency hard handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page6

Intra-Frequency Handover Types
(Cont.)
l Comparison between soft handover and hard handover:

Item Soft Handover Hard Handover

The number of RLs in
active set during Several One
handover

Interruption during
No Yes
handover

Only happened Can be happened in Intra-

The frequencies of cells between Intra- frequency cells or Inter-
frequency cells frequency cells

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page7

Intra-Frequency Handover Procedure

Measurement Decision

Execution

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page8

Intra-Frequency Soft Handover
l The types of intra-frequency soft handover are as follows:
p Intra-NodeB soft handover (also known as softer handover)

p Intra-RNC inter-NodeB soft handover

p Inter-RNC soft handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page9

Intra-Frequency Soft Handover (Cont.)
l Comparison between soft handover and softer handover:

Item Softer Handover Soft Handover

When the UE is in the overlapping When the UE is in the
coverage area of two neighboring overlapping coverage area of
Scenario
cells of a NodeB with combined two neighboring cells of different
RLs NodeBs

Uplink signal Using maximum-ratio combination Using selection combination

Downlink Using maximum-ratio

Using maximum-ratio combination
signal combination

Resource use Occupying less Iub bandwidth Occupying more Iub bandwidth

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page10

Intra-Frequency Hard Handover
l Intra-frequency hard handover:
p No Iur interface

p Iur interface is congested

p Soft handover fails

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page11

Contents
1. Intra-Frequency Handover
1.1 Intra-Frequency Handover Overview

1.2 Intra-Frequency Handover Measurement

1.2.1 Intra-Frequency Handover Measurement Quantities

1.2.2 Intra-Frequency Handover Measurement Events

1.2.3 Intra-Frequency Handover Neighboring Cell Combination Algorithm

1.3 Intra-Frequency Handover Decision and Execution

1.4 Signaling Procedures for Intra-Frequency Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page12

Intra-Frequency Handover
Measurement
l Measurement control:

UE UTRAN

MEASUREMENT CONTROL

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page13

Intra-Frequency Handover
Measurement (Cont.)
l Measurement report:

UE UTRAN

MEASUREMENT REPORT

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page14

Intra-Frequency Handover
Measurement Model
l Measurement model in the WCDMA system:

l L3 filtering formula:

Fn = (1 - a ) ´ Fn-1 + a ´ M n

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page15

Parameters of Intra-Frequency
Measurement
l IntraFreqMeasQuantity
p Parameter name: Intra-freq Measure Quantity

p Recommended value: CPICH_EC/NO

l FilterCoef
p Parameter name: Intra-freq measurement L3 filter coeff

p Recommended value: D3, namely K=3

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page16

Contents
1. Intra-Frequency Handover
1.1 Intra-Frequency Handover Overview

1.2 Intra-Frequency Handover Measurement

1.2.1 Intra-Frequency Handover Measurement Quantities

1.2.2 Intra-Frequency Handover Measurement Events

1.2.3 Intra-Frequency Handover Neighboring Cell Combination Algorithm

1.3 Intra-Frequency Handover Decision and Execution

1.4 Signaling Procedures for Intra-Frequency Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page17

Intra-Frequency – Overview (SHO)

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page18

Intra-Frequency Handover
Measurement Events
Event Description

A primary CPICH enters the reporting range. This indicates that the quality of a
1A cell is close to the quality of the best cell in the active set. A relatively high
combined gain can be achieved when the cell is added to the active set.

A primary CPICH leaves the reporting range. This indicates that a cell has a
1B lower quality than the best cell in the active set. The cell has to be deleted from
the active set.

A non-active primary CPICH becomes better than an active primary CPICH.

This indicates that the quality of a cell is better than the quality of the worst cell
1C
in the active set. The RNC replaces a cell in the active set with a cell in the
monitored set.

1D The best cell changes.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page19

Intra-Frequency Handover
Measurement Events (Cont.)
l 1A event
p Event 1A is triggered on the basis of the following formula:

NA
M New + CIONew ³ W ´ (å M i ) + (1 - W ) ´ M Best - ( R1a - H1a / 2)
i =1

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page20

Intra-Frequency Handover
Measurement Events (Cont.)

l A: signal quality curve of the best cell in the active set

l B: signal quality curve of a cell in the monitored set

l C: curve of Th1A

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page21

Parameters of Intra-Frequency
Handover (Cont.)
l CIO
p Parameter name: Cell oriented Cell Individual Offset

p Recommended value: 0, namely 0dB

l CIOOffset
p Parameter name: Neighboring cell oriented CIO

p Recommended value: 0, namely 0dB

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page22

Parameters of Intra-Frequency
Handover (Cont.)
l IntraRelThdFor1ACSNVP
p Parameter name: CS non VP service 1A event relative THD
p Recommended value: 6, namely 3dB

l IntraRelThdFor1ACSVP
p Parameter name: VP service 1A event relative THD
p Recommended value: 6, namely 3dB

l IntraRelThdFor1APS
p Parameter name: PS service 1A event relative threshold
p Recommended value: 6, namely 3dB

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page23

Parameters of Intra-Frequency
Handover (Cont.)
l Hystfor1A
p Parameter name: 1A hysteresis
p Recommended value: 0, namely 0dB

l TrigTime1A
p Parameter name: 1A event trigger delay time
p Recommended value: D320, namely 320ms

l Weight
p Parameter name: Weighted factor
p Recommended value: 0

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page24

Intra-Frequency Handover
Measurement Events (Cont.)
l 1A event report mode:
p Event trigger report
p Event to periodical report

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page25

Parameters of Intra-Frequency
Handover (Cont.)
l ReportIntervalfor1A
p Parameter name: 1A event to periodical rpt period

p Recommended value: D4000, namely 4000ms

l PeriodMRReportNumfor1A
p Parameter name: 1A event to periodical rpt number

p Recommended value: D16

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page26

Intra-Frequency Handover
Measurement Events (Cont.)
l 1B event
p Event 1B is triggered on the basis of the following formula:

NA
M Old + CIOOld £ W ´ (å M i ) + (1 - W ) ´ M Best - ( R1b + H1b / 2)
i =1

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page27

Intra-Frequency Handover
Measurement Events (Cont.)

l A: signal quality curve of the best cell in the active set

l B: signal quality curve of the worst cell in the active set

l C: curve of Th1B

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page28

Parameters of Intra-Frequency
Handover (Cont.)
l IntraRelThdFor1BCSNVP
p Parameter name: CS non VP service 1B event relative THD
p Recommended value: 12, namely 6dB

l IntraRelThdFor1BCSVP
p Parameter name: VP service 1B event relative THD
p Recommended value: 12, namely 6dB

l IntraRelThdFor1BPS
p Parameter name: PS service 1B event relative threshold
p Recommended value: 12, namely 6dB

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page29

Parameters of Intra-Frequency
Handover (Cont.)
l Hystfor1B
p Parameter name: 1B hysteresis

p Recommended value: 0, namely 0dB

l TrigTime1B
p Parameter name: 1B event trigger delay time

p Recommended value: D640, namely 640ms

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page30

Intra-Frequency Handover
Measurement Events (Cont.)
l 1C event
p Event 1C is triggered on the basis of the following formula:

M New + CIONew ³ M InAS + CIOInAS + H1c / 2

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page31

Intra-Frequency Handover
Measurement Events (Cont.)

l A: signal quality curve of the best cell in the active set

l B: signal quality curve of a cell in the active set
l C: signal quality curve of the worst cell in the active set
l D: signal quality curve of a cell in the monitored set
l E: curve of Th1C

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page32

Parameters of Intra-Frequency
Handover (Cont.)
l Hystfor1C
p Parameter name: 1C hysteresis

p Recommended value: 8, namely 4dB

l TrigTime1C
p Parameter name: 1C event trigger delay time

p Recommended value: D640, namely 640ms

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page33

Intra-Frequency Handover
Measurement Events (Cont.)
l 1C event report mode:
p Event trigger report
p Event to periodical report

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page34

Parameters of Intra-Frequency
Handover (Cont.)
l ReportIntervalfor1C
p Parameter name: 1C event to periodical rpt period

p Recommended value: D4000, namely 4000ms

l PeriodMRReportNumfor1C
p Parameter name: 1C event to periodical rpt number

p Recommended value: D16

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page35

Intra-Frequency Handover
Measurement Events (Cont.)
l 1D event
p Event 1D is triggered on the basis of the following formula:

M NotBest + CIONotBest ³ M Best + CIOBest + H1d / 2

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page36

Intra-Frequency Handover
Measurement Events (Cont.)

l A: signal quality curve of the best cell in the active set

l B: signal quality curve of a cell in the active set or the monitored set

l C: curve of Th1D

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page37

Parameters of Intra-Frequency
Handover (Cont.)
l Hystfor1D
p Parameter name: 1D hysteresis

p Recommended value: 8, namely 4dB

l TrigTime1D
p Parameter name: 1D event trigger delay time

p Recommended value: D640, namely 640ms

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page38

Contents
1. Intra-Frequency Handover
1.1 Intra-Frequency Handover Overview

1.2 Intra-Frequency Handover Measurement

1.2.1 Intra-Frequency Handover Measurement Quantities

1.2.2 Intra-Frequency Handover Measurement Events

1.2.3 Intra-Frequency Handover Neighboring Cell Combination Algorithm

1.3 Intra-Frequency Handover Decision and Execution

1.4 Signaling Procedures for Intra-Frequency Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page39

Neighboring Cell Combination
Algorithm
Cell A Cell B Cell C

Cell A, Cell B and Cell C

are in active set. Cell A is
the best cell. Cell B
Ec/No is greater than
Cell C.

Cell A Cell B Cell C A B C

Secondly, the
Firstly, the cells in After that, the Finally, the
neighboring cells
the active set are neighboring cells neighboring cells
of cell A are
added. of cell B are added. of cell C are added.
added.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page40

Neighboring Cell Combination
Algorithm
Cell A Cell B Cell C

Cell A, Cell B and Cell C

are in active set. Cell A is
the best cell. Cell B
Ec/No is greater than
Cell C.

Cell A Cell B Cell C A B C

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page41

Neighboring Cell Combination
Algorithm
Cell A Cell B Cell C

Cell A, Cell B and Cell C

are in active set. Cell A is
the best cell. Cell B
Ec/No is greater than
Cell C.

Cell A Cell B Cell C A B C

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page42

Parameters of Neighboring Cell
Combination Algorithm
l HO_MC_INTRAFREQ_NCELL_COMBINE_SWITCH
p Parameter name: intra-f ncell combination algorithm switch
p Recommended value: ON

l HO_MC_INTERFREQ_NCELL_COMBINE_SWITCH
p Parameter name: inter-f ncell combination algorithm switch
p Recommended value: ON

l HO_MC_GSM_NCELL_COMBINE_SWITCH
p Parameter name: GSM ncell combination algorithm switch
p Recommended value: ON

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page43

Parameters of Neighboring Cell
Combination Algorithm (Cont.)
l HO_MC_LTE_NCELL_COMBINE_SWITCH
p Parameter name: LTE ncell combination algorithm switch
p Recommended value: ON

l NprioFlag
p Parameter name: The flag of the priority
p Recommended value: FALSE

l Nprio
p Parameter name: the priority of the neighboring cell
p Recommended value: None

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page44

Addition of Detected Set Cells to the
Active Set
l "Intra-frequency measurement reporting criteria in 3GPP
allow a detected set cell can also be contained in an intra-
frequency measurement report triggered by a 1X (1A, 1C,
and 1D) event. In this way, a detected set cell can be added
to the active set of the UE

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page45

Detected Set Cell Report
l Whether a detected set cell can be contained in a measurement
report triggered by a 1X event is controlled by
the HO_INTRA_FREQ_DETSET_RPRT_SWITCH
p When this switch is turned on, the UE reports the information about
both monitored set cells and detected set cells

p When this switch is turned off, the UE reports the information about
monitored set cells only

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page46

Detected Set Cell Addition
l Whether a detected set cell can be added to the active set
of a UE is controlled by
the HO_INTRA_FREQ_DETSET_INTO_ACTSET_SWITCH
p When this switch is turned on, a detected set cell can be added
to the active set of a UE. However, such a detected set cell
must be a neighboring cell of a certain cell in the active set.

p When this switch is turned off, a detected set cell cannot be

added to the active set of a UE

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page47

Optimized Algorithm for Adding
Detected Set Cells
l The optimized algorithm for adding detected set cells to the active set is
controlled by HO_INTRA_FREQ_DETSET_INTO_ACTSET_OPTSWH

p Switch is turned on
n when RNC receive report, if the reported cell is in the intra-frequency
neighboring cell list sent from the RNC, the RNC adds the reported cell to
the active set of the UE

n If the reported cell is not in the intra-frequency neighboring cell list sent from
RNC, but under the UE’s SRNC, the SRNC adds the reported cell to the active set

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page48

Optimized Algorithm for Adding
Detected Set Cells (Cont.)

p Switch is turned off

n If reported cell in the intra-frequency neighboring cell list sent from
the RNC to the UE, the RNC adds the cell to the active set.
Otherwise, the RNC does not add the cell to the active set

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page49

Parameters
l HO_INTRA_FREQ_DETSET_INTO_ACTSE_OPTSWH
p Parameter name: Switch controlling the enhanced algorithm of
adding intra-frequency neighboring cells in detected sets to
active sets
p Recommended value: OFF

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page50

Contents
1. Intra-Frequency Handover
1.1 Intra-Frequency Handover Overview

1.2 Intra-Frequency Handover Measurement

1.3 Intra-Frequency Handover Decision and Execution

1.4 Signaling Procedures for Intra-Frequency Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page51

Intra-Frequency Handover Decision
and Execution
l The intra-frequency handover decision and execution
procedure depends on the different measurement events
that the RNC receives:
p 1A Event
p 1B Event
p 1C Event
p 1D Event

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page52

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page53

Intra-Frequency Handover Decision and
Execution (Cont.)
l When WRFD-020203 Inter RNC Soft Handover enables cell
addition or replacement in the active set and the target cell
is served by the DRNC, the DRNC will send information
about the inter-frequency neighboring cells of the target cell
to the SRNC.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page54

Intra-Frequency Handover Decision and
Execution that 1A Replace 1C
l This function is controlled by HO_MC_INTRAFREQ
_1A_REPLACE_1C_SWITCH under the HoSwitch1
parameter. When this switch is set to ON, this function is
enabled. When this switch is set to OFF, this function is
disabled

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page55

Parameters of Intra-Frequency
Handover (Cont.)
l MaxCellInActiveSet
p Parameter name: Max number of cell in active set

p Recommended value: 3

l SHOQualmin
p Parameter name: Min quality THD for SHO

p Recommended value: -24, namely -24dB

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page56

Parameters of Intra-Frequency
Handover (Cont.)
l HoSwitch1
p Parameter name: HandOver Switch1

p Recommended value: OFF

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page57

Follow-up Procedures for Soft
Handover Failures
l If a soft handover fails, the RNC follows up by performing
the following procedures:
p Rate reduction

p State transition from Cell_DCH to Cell_FACH

p Channel reconfiguration from E-DCH to DCH

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page58

Rate Reduction
l The rate reduction is triggered for R99 NRT (Non Real Time)
services to increase the probability of a successful soft handover

1A,1C,1D is received by RNC

Execute admission control in target cell

No
Admission succeed? Estimation

Yes Rate Reduction

Execution
Execute Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page59

Estimation Procedure for Rate
Reduction
Step 1

Step 2

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page60

Estimation Procedure for Rate
Reduction
Step 2

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page61

Parameters of Intra-Frequency
Handover (Cont.)
l RelThdForDwnGrd
p Parameter name: Relative threshold of SHO failure
p Recommended value: 2, namely 1dB

l ShoFailPeriod
p Parameter name: Max evaluation period of SHO failure
p Recommended value: 60, namely 60s

l ShoFailNumForDwnGrd
p Parameter name: Threshold number of SHO failure
p Recommended value: 3

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page62

Procedure of Rate Reduction Execution

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page63

Parameters of Intra-Frequency
Handover (Cont.)
l DcccShoPenaltyTime
p Parameter name: Period of penalty timer for SHO failure after
down rate

p Recommended value: 30, namely 30s

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page64

State transition from Cell_DCH to
Cell_FACH
l When the D2F transition switch for soft handover failures is
turned on, the RNC triggers a D2F transition procedure in
the best cell for a UE processing R99 NRT services in the
uplink (R99 or HSDPA NRT services in the downlink) if the
UE experiences a soft handover failure and the following
inequation applies:

Target cell's Ec/N0 > Best cell's Ec/N0 + SoftFailD2FOffset

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page65

Parameters of Intra-Frequency
Handover (Cont.)
l SoftFailD2FSwitch
p Parameter name: SHO Failure D2F Switch

p Recommended value: OFF

l SoftFailD2FOffset
p Parameter name: SHO Failure D2F Quality Offset

p Recommended value: 4,namely 2dB

l SoftFailF2DPunishTimer
p Parameter name: SHO Failure F2D Penalty Timer

p Recommended value: 10,namely 10s

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page66

Channel reconfiguration from E-DCH to
DCH
l If the RNC fails to set up a radio link for a UE processing
HSUPA NRT services in the uplink during a soft handover,
the RNC triggers the E2D reconfiguration procedure for the
UE. This is to reduce the uplink interference to the target
cell caused by the UE.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page67

Parameters of Intra-Frequency
Handover (Cont.)
l SoftFailE2DSwitch
p Parameter name: SHO Failure E2D Switch

p Recommended value: OFF

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page68

Contents
1. Intra-Frequency Handover
1.1 Intra-Frequency Handover Overview

1.2 Intra-Frequency Handover Measurement

1.3 Intra-Frequency Handover Decision and Execution

1.4 Signaling Procedures for Intra-Frequency Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page69

Intra-NodeB Intra-Frequency Soft
Handover Signaling Procedure
l Procedure for intra-NodeB intra-frequency soft handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page70

Intra-RNC Inter-NodeB Intra-Frequency
Soft Handover Signaling Procedure
l Procedure for intra-RNC inter-NodeB intra-frequency soft
handove

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page71

Inter-RNC Intra-Frequency Soft
Handover Signaling Procedure
l Procedure for inter-RNC intra-frequency soft handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page72

Intra-RNC Inter-NodeB Intra-Frequency
Hard Handover Signaling Procedure
l Procedure for intra-RNC inter-NodeB intra-frequency hard
handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page73

Inter-RNC Intra-Frequency Hard
Handover Signaling Procedure
l Procedure for inter-RNC intra-frequency hard handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page74

Contents
1. Intra-Frequency Handover

2. Inter-Frequency Handover

3. Inter-RAT Handover (to GSM)

4. Inter-RAT Handover (to LTE)

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page75

Contents
2. Inter-Frequency Handover
1.1 Inter-Frequency Handover Overview

1.2 Inter-Frequency Handover Measurement

1.3 Inter-Frequency Handover Decision and Execution

1.4 Signaling Procedures for Inter-Frequency Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page76

Inter-Frequency Handover Types
l The carrier frequency of the current cell and target cell are different

l Based on the triggering causes of handover, inter-frequency handover

can be categorized into 3 types:

p Coverage-based inter-frequency handover

p QoS-based inter-frequency handover

p Load-based inter-frequency handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page77

Contents
2. Inter-Frequency Handover
1.1 Inter-Frequency Handover Overview
1.2 Inter-Frequency Handover Measurement
1.2.1 Inter-Frequency Handover Measurement Switches
1.2.2 Inter-Frequency Handover Measurement Report Modes
1.2.3 Inter-Frequency Handover Measurement Events
1.2.4 Inter-Frequency Handover Measurement Quantity
1.2.5 Inter-Frequency Handover Compressed Mode

1.3 Inter-Frequency Handover Decision and Execution

1.4 Signaling Procedures for Inter-Frequency Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page78

Inter-Frequency Handover
Measurement
l In the measurement phase of inter-frequency handover, the
UE takes measurement according to the MEASUREMENT
CONTROL message received from the RNC. When the
measurement report conditions are met, the UE sends
measurement reports to the RNC according to the rules
defined in the MEASUREMENT CONTROL message.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page79

Inter-Frequency Handover
Measurement Switches
l Switches related to inter-frequency handover:
p HO_MC_SIGNAL_SWITCH: The switch decides when the
RNC performs the active set signal quality measurement.

p HO_INTER_FREQ_HARD_HO_SWITCH: The switch decides

whether to enable the inter-frequency handover measurement

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page80

1.3 Inter-Frequency Handover Decision and Execution

1.4 Signaling Procedures for Inter-Frequency Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page81

Inter-Frequency Handover
Measurement Report Modes
l Event-triggered measurement report mode
p UE test the Inter-frequency neighbor RSCP and Ec/No

l Periodical measurement report mode

p UE test the Inter-frequency neighbor RSCP and Ec/No, and
current cell Ec/No or RSCP

l InterFreqReportMode
p Parameter name: Inter-frequency measure report mode

p Recommended value: Periodical reporting

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page82

Inter-Frequency Handover
Measurement Report Modes
l PrdReportInterval
p Parameter name: Inter-frequency measure periodical rpt period

p Recommended value: D500, namely 500ms

l InterFreqMeasTime
p Parameter name: Inter-freq measure timer length

p Recommended value: 60, namely 60s

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page83

1.3 Inter-Frequency Handover Decision and Execution

1.4 Signaling Procedures for Inter-Frequency Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page84

Inter-Frequency Handover
Measurement Events
l Measurement events involved in inter-frequency handover

Event Description
The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is
2D
below a certain threshold.
The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is
2F
above a certain threshold.
The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is
2B below a certain threshold and the estimated quality of a
non-used frequency is above a certain threshold.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page85

Inter-Frequency Handover
Measurement Events - 2D
l 2D event:
p The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is below
a certain threshold.

p Event 2D is triggered on the basis of the following formula:

QUsed ≤ TUsed2d - H2d/2

p Where :

n Qused is the Ec/No or RSCP measurement value of the currently used

frequency

n Tused2d is Ec/NO or RSCP absolute threshold for 2D event, the values of

different service types can be different

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page86

Parameters of Inter-Frequency
Handover -2D
l Recommended values of TUsed2d :

Parameter Recommended Value

InterFreqCSThd2DEcN0 -14, namely -14dB

InterFreqR99PsThd2DEcN0 -14, namely -14dB

InterFreqHThd2DEcN0 -14, namely -14dB

InterFreqCSThd2DRSCP -95, namely -95dBm

InterFreqR99PsThd2DRSCP -95, namely -95dBm

InterFreqHThd2DRSCP -95, namely -95dBm

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page87

Parameters of Inter-Frequency
Handover -2D
l Recommended values of TUsed2d :

Parameter Recommended Value

InterFreqCSThd2DEcN0 -14, namely -14dB

InterFreqR99PsThd2DEcN0 -14, namely -14dB

InterFreqHThd2DEcN0 -14, namely -14dB

InterFreqCSThd2DRSCP -95, namely -95dBm

InterFreqR99PsThd2DRSCP -95, namely -95dBm

InterFreqHThd2DRSCP -95, namely -95dBm

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page88

Parameters of Inter-Frequency
Handover - 2D (Cont.)
l HystFor2D
p Parameter name: 2D hysteresis

p Recommended value: 4, namely 2dB

l TimeToTrig2D
p Parameter name: 2D event trigger delay time

p Recommended value: D320, namely 320ms

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page89

Inter-Frequency Handover
Measurement Events - 2F
l 2F event
p The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is above
a certain threshold.

p Event 2F is triggered on the basis of the following formula:

QUsed ≥ TUsed2f + H2f/2

p Where :

n Qused is the Ec/No or RSCP measurement value of the currently used

frequency

n Tused2f is Ec/NO or RSCP absolute threshold for 2F event, the values of

different service types are different

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page90

Parameters of Inter-Frequency
Handover -2F
l Recommended values of TUsed2f :

Parameter Recommended Value

InterFreqCSThd2FEcN0 -12, namely -12dB

InterFreqR99PsThd2FEcN0 -12, namely -12dB

InterFreqHThd2FEcN0 -12, namely -12dB

InterFreqCSThd2FRSCP -92, namely -92dBm

InterFreqR99PsThd2FRSCP -92, namely -92dBm

InterFreqHThd2FRSCP -92, namely -92dBm

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page91

Parameters of Inter-Frequency
Handover -2F
l Recommended values of TUsed2f :

Parameter Recommended Value

InterFreqCSThd2FEcN0 -12, namely -12dB

InterFreqR99PsThd2FEcN0 -12, namely -12dB

InterFreqHThd2FEcN0 -12, namely -12dB

InterFreqCSThd2FRSCP -92, namely -92dBm

InterFreqR99PsThd2FRSCP -92, namely -92dBm

InterFreqHThd2FRSCP -92, namely -92dBm

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page92

Parameters of Inter-Frequency
Handover - 2F (Cont.)
l HystFor2F
p Parameter name: 2F hysteresis

p Recommended value: 4, namely 2dB

l TimeToTrig2F
p Parameter name: 2F event trigger delay time

p Recommended value: D1280, namely 1280ms

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page93

Inter-Frequency Handover
Measurement Events - 2B
l 2B event:
p The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is below
a certain threshold and the estimated quality of a non-used
frequency is above a certain threshold

p Event 2B is triggered on the basis of the following formula:

QNoused ≥ TNoused2b + H2b/2

QUsed ≤ TUsed2b - H2b/2

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page94

p Event 2B is triggered on the basis of the following formula:

QNoused ≥ TNoused2b + H2b/2

QUsed ≤ TUsed2b - H2b/2

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page95

Parameters of Inter-Frequency
Handover - 2B
l Recommended values of TNoused2b :

Parameter Recommended Value

TargetFreqCsThdEcN0 -12, namely -12dB

TargetFreqR99PsThdEcN0 -12, namely -12dB

TargetFreqHThdEcN0 -12, namely -12dB

TargetFreqCsThdRscp -92, namely -92dBm

TargetFreqR99PsThdRscp -92, namely -92dBm

TargetFreqHThdRscp -92, namely -92dBm

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page96

Parameters of Inter-Frequency
Handover - 2B
l Recommended values of TNoused2b :

Parameter Recommended Value

TargetFreqCsThdEcN0 -12, namely -12dB

TargetFreqR99PsThdEcN0 -12, namely -12dB

TargetFreqHThdEcN0 -12, namely -12dB

TargetFreqCsThdRscp -92, namely -92dBm

TargetFreqR99PsThdRscp -92, namely -92dBm

TargetFreqHThdRscp -92, namely -92dBm

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page97

Parameters of Inter-Frequency
Handover - 2B (Cont.)
l Recommended values of TUsed2b :

Parameter Recommended Value

UsedFreqCSThdEcN0 -12, namely -12dB

UsedFreqR99PsThdEcN0 -12, namely -12dB

UsedFreqHThdEcN0 -12, namely -12dB

UsedFreqCSThdRSCP -92, namely -92dBm

UsedFreqR99PsThdRSCP -92, namely -92dBm

UsedFreqHThdRSCP -92, namely -92dBm

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page98

Parameters of Inter-Frequency
Handover - 2B (Cont.)
l Recommended values of TUsed2b :

Parameter Recommended Value

UsedFreqCSThdEcN0 -12, namely -12dB

UsedFreqR99PsThdEcN0 -12, namely -12dB

UsedFreqHThdEcN0 -12, namely -12dB

UsedFreqCSThdRSCP -92, namely -92dBm

UsedFreqR99PsThdRSCP -92, namely -92dBm

UsedFreqHThdRSCP -92, namely -92dBm

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page99

Parameters of Inter-Frequency
Handover - 2B (Cont.)
l HystFor2B
p Parameter name: 2B hysteresis

p Recommended value: 4, namely 2dB

l TimeToTrig2B
p Parameter name: 2B event trigger delay time

p Recommended value: D0, namely 0ms

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page100

Parameters of Inter-Frequency
Handover - Common
l CIO
p Parameter name: Cell oriented Cell Individual Offset

p Recommended value: 0, namely 0dB

l CIOOffset
p Parameter name: Neighboring cell oriented CIO

p Recommended value: 0, namely 0dB

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page101

Parameters of Inter-Frequency
Handover - Common (Cont.)
l HystForPrdInterFreq
p Parameter name: HHO hysteresis

p Recommended value: 0, namely 0dB

l TimeToTrigForPrdInterFreq
p Parameter name: HHO period trigger delay time

p Recommended value: 0, namely 0ms

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page102

1.3 Inter-Frequency Handover Decision and Execution

1.4 Signaling Procedures for Inter-Frequency Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page103

Inter-Frequency Handover
Measurement Quantity
l Measurement quantities vary according to the types of inter-
frequency handover
p In inter-frequency handover based on Coverage and QOS, event
(2B/2D/2F) or periodical measurement takes both CPICH Ec/No
and RSCP as measurement quantities
p In load-based inter-frequency blind handover, CPICH RSCP of
the used frequency is measured.
p In load- and measure-based inter-frequency handover, both
CPICH_RSCP and CPICH_Ec/No of the target frequency are
measured

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page104

1.3 Inter-Frequency Handover Decision and Execution

1.4 Signaling Procedures for Inter-Frequency Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page105

Inter-Frequency Handover
Compressed Mode
l Compressed Mode control is a mechanism whereby certain
idle periods are created in radio frames during which the UE
can perform measurements on other frequencies.

l If the UE needs to measure the pilot signal strength of an

inter-frequency 3G or 2G cell and has a single-frequency
receiver only, the UE must use the compressed mode.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page106

Inter-Frequency Handover
Compressed Mode
l The parameter DlSFLimitCMInd decides whether to start the DL
compressed mode according to the parameter LimitCMDlSFThd
p If DlSFLimitCMInd = True
n When the downlink spreading factor is smaller than or equal to the parameter
LimitCMDlSFThd, the compressed mode is disabled

n When the downlink spreading factor is greater than the parameter

LimitCMDlSFThd, the compressed mode is enabled

p If DlSFLimitCMInd = False and the compressed mode is not limited

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page107

Inter-Frequency Handover
Compressed Mode
l DlSFLimitCMInd
p Parameter name: Dl SF limit CM ind

p Recommended value: FALSE

l LimitCMDlSFThd
p Parameter name: Dl SF threshold to limit CM

p Recommended value: D8 , namely SF8

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page108

Inter-Frequency Handover
Compressed Mode
l Categories
p Downlink compressed
mode
p Uplink compressed
mode
l Realization Methods
p Spreading factor
reduction (SF/2)
p Higher layer
scheduling

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page109

SF/2 Compressed Mode
l If the RNC has decided to use SF/2 compressed mode and
the current brother channelisation code of the UE has not
been occupied, the UE directly uses the parent
channelisation code

l If the brother code of the UE has been occupied, the UE

cannot directly use the parent channelisation code but
needs to use an alternative scrambling code or reallocate a
new channelisation code to obtain a halved channelisation
code

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page110

SF/2 Compressed Mode
l Replacing the Scrambling Code with an Alternative One

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page111

SF/2 Compressed Mode
l Reallocating a Channelization Code

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page112

SF/2 Compressed Mode
l Reallocating a Channelization Code

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page113

Higher Layer Scheduling Compressed
Mode
l It is implemented to control the TFCSs that are multiplexed
to a CCTrCH. It adjusts the TFCs in the TFCSs to limit the
maximum transmission rate in the TFCS. A TFCS is
adjusted not to generate the new TFC but to avoid using the
TFCs with high transmission rates in the TFCS. By lower-
layer rate matching and insertion of the DTX indication bit,
the compression mode is achieved

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page114

Inter-Frequency Handover
Compressed Mode
l DlSFTurnPoint
p Parameter name: Dl SF threshold

p Recommended value: D64

l UlSFTurnPoint
p Parameter name: Ul SF threshold

p Recommended value: D64

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page115

Contents

2. Inter-Frequency Handover
2.1 Inter-Frequency Handover Overview
2.2 Inter-Frequency Handover Measurement
2.3 Inter-Frequency Handover Decision and Execution
2.3.1 Coverage- and QoS-based Inter-Frequency Handover Decision and
Execution
2.3.2 Load-based Inter-Frequency Handover Decision and Execution

2.4 Signaling Procedures for Inter-Frequency Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page116

Coverage- and QoS-based Inter-
Frequency Handover Procedure

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page117

Reporting Mode
l The coverage- and QoS-based inter-frequency handovers
are categorized into two types according to the following two
measurement report modes:
p Periodical measurement report mode

p Event-triggered measurement report mode.

l Each mode corresponds to a different decision and

execution procedure.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page118

Periodical Measurement Report Mode
l After receiving the periodical measurement report of the
inter-frequency cell, the RNC starts the following decision
procedures:
p Decide whether both the CPICH Ec/No value and CPICH RSCP
value of the pilot signal of the target cell meet the requirement of
inter-frequency handover. The evaluation formula is : Mother_Freq +
CIOother_Freq ≥ Tother_Freq + H/2
p Start the hard handover time-to-trigger timer, which is configured
through the parameter TimeToTrigForPrdInterFreq
p If Mother_Freq + CIOother_Freq < Tother_Freq - H/2, stop the timer
p After the timer, the RNC ranks the cells in the latest measurement
report in descending order by signal quality and selects the cell with
the best signal quality for inter-frequency handover.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page119

Periodical Measurement Report Mode
l Periodical measurement report mode:

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page120

Event-Triggered Measurement Report
Mode
l After receiving the event 2B measurement reports of CPICH
RSCP and CPICH Ec/No of the inter-frequency cell, the
RNC starts the following procedure: (See the remaks)

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page121

Contents
2. Inter-Frequency Handover
2.1 Inter-Frequency Handover Overview
2.2 Inter-Frequency Handover Measurement
2.3 Inter-Frequency Handover Decision and Execution
2.3.1 Coverage- and QoS-based Inter-Frequency Handover Decision and Execution
2.3.2 Load-based Inter-Frequency Handover Decision and Execution

2.4 Signaling Procedures for Inter-Frequency Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page122

Load-based Inter-Frequency Handover
l The LDR algorithm may trigger an inter-frequency
handover.

l The inter-frequency LDR handover can be performed based

on blind handover or measurement that can be decided by
the parameter InterFreqLDHOMethodSelection

l InterFreqLDHOMethodSelection
p Parameter name: InterFreq Load Handover Method Selection

p Recommended value: BLINDHO

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page123

Load-based Inter-Frequency Blind
Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page124

Load-based Inter-Frequency Blind
Handover Decision
l The LDR algorithm learns that a cell is in basic congestion
and provides target cells and the UE with low priority for
handover.

l The RNC determines to trigger an inter-frequency blind

handover.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page125

Load-based Inter-Frequency Blind
Handover Decision
l If the UE is not in soft handover state, the RNC directly performs load-
based inter-frequency blind handover.
l If the UE is in soft handover state, the RNC operates based on the
following conditions:
p If the HO_ALGO_LDR_ALLOW_SHO_SWITCH is set to ON, the RNC
determines whether the cell that triggers LDR is the best cell:
n If this cell is the best cell, the RNC initiates an intra-frequency measurement for load-based
inter-frequency blind handover. If this cell is not the best cell, the RNC does not initiate a
load-based inter-frequency blind handover.

p If the HO_ALGO_LDR_ALLOW_SHO_SWITCH is set to OFF.

n If the UE is in the soft handover state ,the RNC does not initiate a load-based inter-
frequency blind handover.
n If the UE is not in the soft handover state, the RNC initiates an intra-frequency
measurement for a load-based inter-frequency blind handover.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page126

Load-based Inter-Frequency Blind
Handover Execution
The proceduce of intra-f measurement for load-based inter-f blind
handover:
l 1. The RNC initializes the timer of intra-frequency measurement for blind
handover. The timer is specified by internal algorithm and does not need
to be configured.
l 2. The RNC initiates a periodical intra-frequency measurement.
p The reporting period is BlindHOIntrafreqMRInterval.

p The number of measurement reports is BlindHOIntrafreqMRAmount.

p The intra-frequency handover measurement quantity is CPICH RSCP.

p The list of measured cells contains only the cells that trigger LDR

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page127

Load-based Inter-Frequency Blind
Handover Execution
l 3. After receiving from the UE the intra-frequency measurement reports
for conditional blind handover, the RNC checks whether the following
condition is met: CPICH RSCP of the target cell >= BlindHOQualityCondition
p If the condition is met, the RNC increments the counter of the number of intra-
frequency measurement reports for blind handover by 1.
p If the condition is not met, the RNC does not perform a blind handover to the
cell that triggers LDR and stops intra-frequency measurement for blind
handover.

l 4. When the counter reaches the value of BlindHOIntrafreqMRAmount,

the RNC initiates a blind handover to the target cell.

l 5. If the timer of intra-frequency measurement for blind handover expires,

the RNC does not perform a blind handover to the target cell and stops
intra-frequency handover measurement for blind handover.
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page128
Parameters of Load-based Inter-
Frequency Blind Handover
l BlindHOFlag
p Parameter name: Blind handover flag

p Recommended value: False

l HO_ALGO_LDR_ALLOW_SHO_SWITCH
p Parameter name: HandOver switch

p Recommended value: ON

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page129

Parameters of Load-based Inter-
Frequency Blind Handover (Cont.)
l BlindHOIntrafreqMRInterval
p Parameter name: Intrafrequency measurement report interval
of blind HO

p Recommended value: D250, namely 250ms

l BlindHOQualityCondition
p Parameter name: Blind handover condition

p Recommended value: -92, namely -92dBm

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page130

Parameters of Load-based Inter-
Frequency Blind Handover (Cont.)
l BlindHOIntrafreqMRAmount
p Parameter name: Intrafrequency measurement report amount
of blind handover

p Recommended value: D2, namely 2 times

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page131

Load-based Inter-Frequency Measure-
based Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page132

Load-based Inter-Frequency Measure-
based Handover Decision and
Execution
l The LDR algorithm learns that a cell is in basic congestion
and provides target cells and the UE with low priority for
handover.

l The RNC selects the target cell based on the measurement

results. The report period is specified by the parameter
PrdReportInterval.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page133

Load-based Inter-Frequency Measure-
based Handover Decision and
Execution
l The target cell must meet the following conditions:
p The CPICH RSCP value of the target cell is larger than
TargetFreqThdRscp.

p The CPICH Ec/No value of the target cell is larger than

TargetFreqThdEcN0

p The target cell is not in the basic congestion state.

l The RNC performs an inter-frequency hard handover to the

target cell directly.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page134

Parameters of Load-based Inter-
Frequency Measure-based Handover
l PRDREPORTINTERVAL
p Parameter name: Inter-freq Measure Periodical Report Period

p Recommended value: D3000, namely 3000ms

l TARGETFREQTHDRSCP
p Parameter name: Inter-freq Target Frequency Trigger RSCP THD

p Recommended value: -92, namely -92dBm

l TARGETFREQTHDECN0
p Parameter name: Inter-freq Target Frequency Trigger Ec/No THD

p Recommended value: -12, namely -12dB

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page135

Contents
2. Inter-Frequency Handover
2.1 Inter-Frequency Handover Overview

2.2 Inter-Frequency Handover Measurement

2.3 Inter-Frequency Handover Decision and Execution

2.4 Signaling Procedures for Inter-Frequency Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page136

Inter-frequency Handover
UE RNC

RRC Connection Setup Procedure

Measurement Control (Intra-freq)

Measurement Control (2D & 2F)

Measurement Report(2D)
Decision to enter
compress mode
Physical Channel Reconfiguration

Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete

Measurement Control (Inter-Freq)

Measurement Report
Decision to
setup new RL
Physical Channel Reconfiguration

Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete

Measurement Control (Intra-freq)

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page137

Contents
1. Intra-Frequency Handover

2. Inter-Frequency Handover

3. Inter-RAT Handover (to GSM)

4. Inter-RAT Handover (to LTE)

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page138

Contents
3. Inter-RAT Handover
3.1 Inter-RAT Handover Overview

3.2 3G-to-2G Handover Measurement

3.3 3G-to-2G Handover Decision and Execution

3.4 Signaling Procedures for Inter-RAT Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page139

Inter-RAT Handover Scenarios

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page140

Inter-RAT Handover Types
l Based on the triggering causes of handover, inter-frequency handover
can be categorized into 3 types:

p Coverage-based 3G to 2G handover

p QoS-based 3G to 2G handover

p Load-based 3G to 2G handover

p Service-based 3G to 2G handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page141

3G-to-2G Handover Preconditions
l Before handover, the RNC checks whether all the preconditions
for the 3G-to-2G handover are met:
p Service handover indicators
p Service requirements
p Handover rules
l Before deciding the 3G-to-2G handover, the RNC checks whether
all the preconditions are met :
p 2G cell capability
p Service capability
p UE capability

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page142

Service Handover Indicator
l The IE Service Handover Indicator indicates the CN policy
for the service handover to the 2G network. It is indicated in
the RAB assignment signaling assigned by the CN, or
provided by the RNC

l The algorithm switch HoSwitch:

HO_INTER_RAT_RNC_SERVICE_HO_SWITCH decides
whether the service attribute of inter-RAT handover is based
on the RNC or the CN

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page143

Service Handover Indicator
l Through the SHIND parameter, the service handover indicators
are set in RNC as follows:
p HO_TO_GSM_SHOULD_BE_PERFORM: means that the handover
to the 2G network is performed when 2G signals are available.
p HO_TO_GSM_SHOULD_NOT_BE_PERFORM: means that the
handover to the 2G network is performed when 3G signals are weak
but 2G signals are strong.
p HO_TO_GSM_SHALL_NOT_BE_PERFORM: means that the
handover to the 2G network is not performed even when 3G signals
are weak but 2G signals are strong.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page144

Rules for Enabling 3G-to-2G Handover
l Rules for enabling Coverage- and QoS-based 3G-to-2G
handover:
p Service Handover Indicator:
n HO_TO_GSM_SHOULD_BE_PERFORM

n HO_TO_GSM_SHOULD_NOT_BE_PERFORM

p Impacts of different types of capability on handover decision:

n Refer to the following table

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page145

Rules for Enabling 3G-to-2G Handover
l Rules for enabling Load-based 3G-to-2G handover: :
p Service Handover Indicator:
n HO_TO_GSM_SHOULD_BE_PERFORM

n HO_TO_GSM_SHOULD_NOT_BE_PERFORM

p Impacts of different types of capability on handover decision:

n Refer to the following table

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page146

Rules for Enabling 3G-to-2G Handover
l Rules for enabling Service-based 3G-to-2G handover: :
p Service Handover Indicator:
n HO_TO_GSM_SHOULD_BE_PERFORM

p Impacts of different types of capability on handover decision:

n Refer to the following table

p Switches for Service-based 3G-to-2G Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page147

2G Cell Capability
l 2G cell capability is configured through the parameter
RATCELLTYPE. This parameter indicates whether the cell
supports the GSM, GPRS, or EDGE.

l RATCELLTYPE
p Parameter name: Inter-RAT cell type

p Recommended value: None

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page148

Service Capability
l The Required 2G Capability (Req2GCap) specifies the
capability of 2G cells required by inter-RAT handover. This
indicates whether the service is supported by the GSM,
GPRS, or EDGE

l Req2GCap
p Parameter name: Required 2G Capability

p Recommended value: None

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page149

UE Capability
l Upon the reception of the UE capability information
message, the RNC decides whether to start the inter-RAT
measurement. The information indicates whether the UE
supports the GSM, GPRS, or EDGE.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page150

Contents
3. Inter-RAT Handover
3.1 Inter-RAT Handover Overview
3.2 3G-to-2G Handover Measurement
3.2.1 3G-to-2G Handover Measurement Switches
3.2.2 3G-to-2G Handover Measurement Report Modes
3.2.3 3G-to-2G Handover Measurement Events
3.2.4 3G-to-2G Handover Measurement Quantity
3.2.5 3G-to-2G Handover Compressed Mode

3.3 3G-to-2G Handover Decision and Execution

3.4 Signaling Procedures for Inter-RAT Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page151

3G-to-2G Handover Measurement
Switches
l The 3G-to-2G handover measurement switches are specified by
the sub-parameters of HoSwitch:
p HO_MC_SIGNAL_SWITCH: The switch decides whether the quality
measurement on the active set is delivered after signaling setup but
before service setup.
p HO_INTER_RAT_PS_OUT_SWITCH: The switch decides whether
the RNC will initiate inter-RAT measurement to trigger inter-RAT
handover of the PS domain from the UTRAN.
p HO_INTER_RAT_CS_OUT_SWITCH: The switch decides whether
the RNC will initiate inter-RAT measurement to trigger inter-RAT
handover of the CS domain from the UTRAN.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page152

3.3 3G-to-2G Handover Decision and Execution

3.4 Signaling Procedures for Inter-RAT Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page153

3G-to-2G Handover Measurement
Report Modes
l Event-triggered measurement report mode
p UE test the 2G neighbor RSSI

l Periodical measurement report mode

p UE test the 2G neighbor RSSI, and current cell Ec/No or RSCP

l InterRatReportMode
p Parameter name: Inter-RAT report mode

p Recommended value: PERIODICAL_REPORTING

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page154

3G-to-2G Handover Measurement
Report Modes
l InterRATPeriodReportInterval
p Parameter name: Inter-RAT period report interval [ms]

p Recommended value: D1000 , namely 1000ms

l InterRATMeasTime
p Parameter name: Inter-RAT measure timer length [s]

p Recommended value: 60, namely 60s

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page155

3.3 3G-to-2G Handover Decision and Execution

3.4 Signaling Procedures for Inter-RAT Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page156

3G-to-2G Handover Measurement
Events
l Measurement events involved in 3G-to-2G Handover

Event Description

The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is

Event 2D
below a certain threshold.
The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is
Event 2F
above a certain threshold.
The estimated quality of the currently used UTRAN
Event 3A frequency is below a certain threshold and the estimated
quality of the other system is above a certain threshold.
The estimated quality of other system is above a certain
Event 3C
threshold.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page157

3G-to-2G Handover Measurement
Events - 2D
l 2D event:
p The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is below
a certain threshold.

p Event 2D is triggered on the basis of the following formula:

QUsed ≤ TUsed2d - H2d/2

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page158

Parameters of 3G-to-2G Handover - 2D
l Recommended values of TUsed2d :
Parameter Recommended Value

InterRATCSThd2DEcN0 -14, namely -14dB

InterRATR99PsThd2DEcN0 -15, namely -15dB

InterRATHThd2DEcN0 -15, namely-15dB

InterRATCSThd2DRSCP -100, namely -100dBm

InterRATR99PsThd2DRSCP -110, namely -110dBm

InterRATHThd2DRSCP -110, namely -110dBm

HystFor2D 4, namely 2dB

TimeToTrig2D D320, namely 320ms

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page159

3G-to-2G Handover Measurement
Events – 2F
l 2F event:
p Event 2F is triggered on the basis of the following formula:

QUsed ≥ TUsed2f + H2f/2

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page160

Parameters of 3G-to-2G Handover - 2F
l Recommended values of 2F event:
Parameter Recommended Value

InterRATCSThd2FEcN0 -12, namely -12dB

InterRATR99PsThd2FEcN0 -13, namely -13dB

InterRATHThd2FEcN0 -13, namely-13dB

InterRATCSThd2FRSCP -97, namely -97dBm

InterRATR99PsThd2FRSCP -107, namely -107dBm

InterRATHThd2FRSCP -107, namely -107dBm

HystFor2F 4, namely 2dB

TimeToTrig2F D1280, namely 1280ms

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page161

3G-to-2G Handover Measurement
Events - 3A
l 3A event:
p The estimated quality of the currently used UTRAN frequency
is below a certain threshold and the estimated quality of the
other system is above a certain threshold

p Event 3A is triggered on the basis of the following formula:

QOtherRAT + CIOOtherRAT ≥ TOtherRAT + H3a/2

QUsed ≤ TUsed - H3a/2

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page162

Parameters of Inter-Frequency
Handover -3A
l Recommended values of TUsed :
Parameter Recommended Value

UsedFreqCSThdEcN0 -12, namely -13dB

UsedFreqR99PsThdEcN0 -13, namely -13dB

UsedFreqHThdEcN0 -13, namely -13dB

UsedFreqCSThdRSCP -97, namely -97dBm

UsedFreqR99PsThdRSCP -107, namely -107dBm

UsedFreqHThdRSCP -107, namely -107dBm

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page163

Parameters of Inter-Frequency
Handover -3A (Cont.)
l Recommended values of TOtherRAT:

Parameter Recommended Value

TargetRatCsThd 16, namely -95dBm

TargetRatR99PsThd 16, namely -95dBm

TargetRatHThd 16, namely -95dBm

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page164

Parameters of Inter-Frequency
Handover -3A (Cont.)
l Hystfor3A
p Parameter name: 3A hysteresis

p Recommended value: 4, namely 2dB

l TrigTime3A
p Parameter name: 3A event trigger delay time

p Recommended value: D0, namely 0ms

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page165

3G-to-2G Handover Measurement
Events – 3C
l 3C event:
p The estimated quality of other system is above a certain
threshold

p Event 3C is triggered on the basis of the following formula:

MOtherRAT + CIOOtherRAT ≥ TOtherRAT + H3c/2

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page166

Parameters of Inter-Frequency
Handover -3C
l Recommended values of 3C :
Parameter Recommended Value

InterRATNCovHOCSThd 21, namely -90dBm

InterRATNCovHOPSThd 21, namely -90dBm

Hystfor3C 0, namely 0dB

TrigTime3C D640, namely 640ms

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page167

Parameters of Inter-Frequency
Handover - Common
l CIO
p Parameter name: Cell oriented Cell Individual Offset

p Recommended value: 0, namely 0dB

l CIOOffset
p Parameter name: Neighboring cell oriented CIO

p Recommended value: 0, namely 0dB

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page168

3.3 3G-to-2G Handover Decision and Execution

3.4 Signaling Procedures for Inter-RAT Handover

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page169

3G-to-2G Handover Measurement
Quantity
l In coverage-based UMTS-to-GSM handover,
p Event 2D/2F or periodical measurement takes both CPICH Ec/No and
RSCP as measurement quantities

p In coverage-based inter-RAT handover, the system delivers both

CPICH Ec/N0 and CPICH RSCP for 2D/2F measurement

p The event 3A measurement quantity is set through the parameter

MeasQuantityOf3A

l In QoS-based 3G-to-2G handover, the event 3A measurement

quantity is set through the parameter
UsedFreqMeasQuantityForQos3A

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page170

3G-to-2G Handover Measurement
Quantity
l MeasQuantityOf3A
p Parameter name: 3A Measure Quantity

p Recommended value: Auto, namely based on the 2D

l UsedFreqMeasQuantityForQos3A
p Parameter name: 3A Used-Freq Measure Quantity for Qos

p Recommended value: CPICH_RSCP

3.3 3G-to-2G Handover Decision and Execution

3.4 Signaling Procedures for Inter-RAT Handover

3G-to-2G Handover Compressed Mode
l The 3G-to-2G handover compressed mode is the same with
inter-frequency handover compressed mode.

Interoperability between Inter-RAT and
Inter-Frequency Handover
l Inter-frequency measurement:
p 2D, 2F event

p Inter-frequency neighboring cell Measure

inter-frequency
neighbor?
l Inter-RAT measurement:
p 2D, 2F event

p Inter-RAT neighboring cell

Measure inter-
RAT neighbor?

Interoperability between Inter-RAT and
Inter-Frequency Handover
l The principles of using event 2D/2F-related parameters in
different scenarios are as follows:
p When the neighboring cells are inter-frequency neighboring
UMTS cells, event 2D/2F-related parameters configured for
inter-frequency handover are used.

p When the neighboring cells are neighboring GSM cells, event

2D/2F-related parameters configured for inter-RAT handover
are used. When the neighboring cells are neighboring LTE
cells, event 2D/2F-related parameters configured for UMTS-to-
LTE handover are used.

Interoperability between Inter-RAT and
Inter-Frequency Handover (Cont.)
p When the neighboring cells are neighboring LTE cells, event
2D/2F-related parameters configured for UMTS-to-LTE
handover are used.

p When the neighboring cells are neighboring LTE and GSM

cells, event 2D/2F-related parameters configured for inter-RAT
handover are used.

p When the neighboring cells are neighboring LTE cells and

inter-frequency neighboring UMTS cells, event 2D/2F-related
parameters configured for inter-frequency handover are used.

Parameters of Inter-RAT Handover
p When the neighboring cells are neighboring LTE cells,
neighboring GSM cells, and inter-f neighboring UMTS cells or
when the neighboring cells are neighboring GSM cells and
inter-f neighboring UMTS cells, event 2D/2F-related
parameters to be used depend on the setting of the
CoexistMeasThdChoice parameter.
n If it is set to COEXIST_MEAS_THD_CHOICE_INTERFREQ, event
2D/2F-related parameters configured for inter-frequency handover
are used.

n If it is set to COEXIST_MEAS_THD_CHOICE_INTERRAT, event

2D/2F-related parameters configured for inter-RAT handover are
used.
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page177
Parameters of Inter-RAT Handover
(Cont.)
l InterFreqRATSwitch
p Parameter name: Inter-freq and Inter-RAT coexist switch

p Recommended value: SIMINTERFREQRAT

l CoexistMeasThdChoice
p Parameter name: InterFreq and InterRat coexist measure
threshold choice

p Recommended value:
COEXIST_MEAS_THD_CHOICE_INTERFREQ

Contents
3. Inter-RAT Handover
3.1 Inter-RAT Handover Overview
3.2 3G-to-2G Handover Measurement
3.3 3G-to-2G Handover Decision and Execution
3.3.1 Coverage and QoS-based UMTS-to-GSM Handover Decision and Execution
3.3.2 Load- and Service-based 3G-to-2G Handover Decision and Execution

3.4 Signaling Procedures for Inter-RAT Handover

Coverage and QoS-based UMTS-to-
GSM Handover Procedure

Reporting Mode
l The coverage-based and QoS-based 3G-to-2G handover is
categorized into two types according to the following two
measurement report modes:
p Periodical measurement report mode

p Event-triggered measurement report mode

l Each mode corresponds to a different decision and

execution procedure.

Periodical Measurement Report Mode
l After receiving the periodical measurement report of GSM cells, the
RNC performs the following decision and execution procedures:
p Decide whether the quality of 2G cells meets the conditions of inter-RAT
handover. The evaluation formula is:
Mother_RAT + CIOother_RAT ≥ Tother_RAT + H/2
p Start the evaluation of the cells that meet the quality requirement and start
the time-to-trigger timer. If the measurement report meet the following
formula and time-to-trigger timer does not expire, stop the time-to-trigger
timer
Mother_RAT + CIOother_RAT < Tother_RAT - H/2
p Select the cells in sequence, that is, from high quality cells to low quality ones,
to initiate 3G-to-2G handover

Periodical Measurement Report Mode
(Cont.)
l After the time-to-trigger timer expires, the RNC ranks the
cells in the latest measurement report in descending order
by signal quality and selects the cell with the best signal
quality for inter-RAT handover.

l Before performing an inter-RAT handover, the RNC checks

the signal quality of the best cell. If the signal quality of the
best cell is poor, the RNC does not trigger an inter-RAT
handover. This increases the inter-RAT handover success
rate.

Periodical Measurement Report Mode
(Cont.)
l Target cell selection:
p During the duration of the timer, the RNC checks each MR to
determine whether the report carries the inter-f neighboring
cell of the highest priority. If yes, the RNC uses the inter-f
neighboring cell as the target cell. If no, the RNC waits for and
checks for the next measurement report.

p If no target cell is available after the timer expires, the RNC

selects a cell from the received measurement reports as the
target cell according to the target cell selection policy.

Periodical Measurement Report Mode
(Cont.)
l The target cell selection policy is as follows:
p Select a network based on the following sequence: inter-
frequency network, LTE network, and GSM network.

p Select the neighboring cell of the highest priority in the

network.

p If two or more neighboring cells have the same priority, select

the neighboring cell whose signal quality is the best.

Parameters of Inter-RAT Handover
(Cont.)
l BSICVerify
p Parameter name: BSIC Verify Switch
p Recommended value: REQUIRED(Verify mode)

l TimeToTrigForVerify
p Parameter name: Time to trigger for verified GSM cell
p Recommended value: 0, namely 0ms

Parameters of Inter-RAT Handover
(Cont.)
l TimeToTrigForNonVerify
p Parameter name: Time to trigger for non-verified GSM cell
p Recommended value: 0, namely 0ms

l HO_CS_IRATHHO_WITH_INTRA_FREQ_MR_SWITCH
p Parameter name: The switch that RNC sends the periodic
inter-RAT measurement control and periodic intra-frequency
measurement control simultaneously to UEs processing CS
services.
p Recommended value: 0,namely OFF

Parameters of Inter-RAT Handover
(Cont.)
l HO_PS_IRATHHO_WITH_INTRA_FREQ_MR_SWITCH
p Parameter name: The switch that RNC sends the periodic
inter-RAT measurement control and periodic intra-frequency
measurement control simultaneously to UEs processing PS
services.
p Recommended value: 0,namely OFF

l UsedIRATHOLowerThdEcNo
p Parameter name: Ec/No Lower Thd for Inter-RAT Intra-f
Handover
p Recommended value: -18, namely -18dB

Parameters of Inter-RAT Handover
(Cont.)
l UsedIRATHOUpperThdEcNo
p Parameter name: Ec/No Upper Thd for Inter-RAT Intra-f
Handover
p Recommended value: 0, namely 0dB

l TimeToInterfreqHO
p Parameter name: Inter-freq Coverage Handover Trigger Delay
p Recommended value: 0, namely 0ms

Parameters of Inter-RAT Handover
(Cont.)
l HOCovPrio
p Parameter name: Priority of Coverage-Based Inter-f Handover
p Recommended value: 2

l Npriority
p Parameter name: Absolute Priority Level of the E-UTRA
Frequency
p Recommended value: None

Parameters of Inter-RAT Handover
(Cont.)
l HOPrio
p Parameter name: HO Priority

p Recommended value: 0

Event-Triggered Measurement Report
Mode
l After receiving the event 3A measurement report of 2G cells,
the RNC performs the following decision and execution
procedures:
p Put all the 2G cells that trigger event 3A into a cell set and
arrange the cells according to the measurement quality in
descending order

p Select the cells in sequence from the cell set to perform inter-
RAT handover

3.4 Signaling Procedures for Inter-RAT Handover

Load-based Inter-RAT Handover

Service-based Inter-RAT Handover

Load- and Service-based 3G-to-2G
Handover
l The load status between the source cell and the target cell
can be acquired by interchanging load information between
a 3G cell and a 2G cell during the load-based and service-
based 3G-to-2G handover.

l Thus, whether to further conduct the handover can be

determined to avoid the 2G cell overload and possible
handover to the congested cell.

Decision and Execution Procedure
l After receiving the event 3C measurement report of 2G cells,
the RNC performs the following handover decision and
execution procedure:
p Put all the 2G cells that trigger event 3C into a cell set and
arrange the cells according to the measurement quality in
descending order
p Select the cells in sequence from the cell set

l InterRATHOAttempts
p Parameter name: Inter-RAT handover max attempt times
p Recommended value: 16

Interchanging Load Information
Procedure
l 1. When the RNC sends a RELOCATION REQUIRED
message to the 3G CN,
p If the switch SndLdInfo2GsmInd is set to ON, the
RELOCATION REQUIRED message includes the Old BSS To
New BSS Information IE that includes the load information of
the 3G source cell.

p If the switch SndLdInfo2GsmInd is set to OFF, then the

RELOCATION REQUIRED message does not include the Old
BSS To New BSS Information IE.

Interchanging Load Information
Procedure (Cont.)
l 2. When the RNC receives the RELOCATION COMMAND
message from the 2G CN:
p If the switch NcovHoOn2GldInd is set to ON, the RNC obtains the
load information of the 2G target cell:
n If the 2G load is lower than CSHOOut2GloadThd or PSHOOut2GloadThd, the
RNC continues the inter-RAT handover procedure; otherwise, the RNC returns the
Relocation Cancel message to the CN to cancel this inter-RAT handover and
makes another handover attempt to the next candidate cell generated in the cell list
based on inter-RAT measurement.
n If the Inter-System Information Transparent Container IE, is not included in the
RELOCATION COMMAND message, the load information of the 2G target cell
is not considered and this inter-RAT handover is continued

Interchanging Load Information
Procedure (Cont.)
p If the switch NcovHoOn2GldInd is set to OFF, the RNC
continues the inter-RAT handover procedure without
considering the thresholds

Parameters of Interchanging Load
Information
l SndLdInfo2GsmInd
p Parameter name: Send Load Info to GSM Ind

p Recommended value: ON

l NcovHoOn2GldInd
p Parameter name: NCOV Reloc Ind based on GSM cell load

p Recommended value: ON

Parameters of Interchanging Load
Information (Cont.)
l CSHOOut2GloadThd
p Parameter name: CS domain Reloc GSM load THD

p Recommended value: 80, namely 80%

l PSHOOut2GloadThd
p Parameter name: PS domain Reloc GSM load THD

p Recommended value: 60, namely 60%

Parameters of Service-based Inter-RAT
Handover (Cont.)
l CSServiceHOSwitch
p Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS handover switch

p Recommended value: OFF

l PSServiceHOSwitch
p Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS handover switch

p Recommended value: OFF

Contents
3. Inter-RAT Handover
3.1 Inter-RAT Handover Overview

3.2 3G-to-2G Handover Measurement

3.3 3G-to-2G Handover Decision and Execution

3.4 Signaling Procedures for Inter-RAT Handover

WCDMA-to-GSM cell re-selection

Handover from WCDMA to GSM –
CS-Domain

PS Domain Inter-RAT Handover Flow
(UMTS->GSM & UE in CELL_DCH)
UE NodeB SRNC SGSN

1. Measurement Report (2D event)

2. Compressed Mode Triggered

3. Measurement Control(Inter-RAT)
4. Measurement Report
Handover Desicion
5. Cell Change Order
6. Radio Link Failure
7. SRNS Context Transfer

8. Iu Release Command

9. Iu Release Complete
10. Radio Link Deletion
Request
11. Radio Link Deletion
Response

Contents
1. Intra-Frequency Handover

2. Inter-Frequency Handover

3. Inter-RAT Handover (to GSM)

4. Inter-RAT Handover (to LTE)

Contents
4. Inter-RAT Handover (to LTE)
4.1 Service-Based PS Service Redirection from UMTS to LTE

4.2 Coverage-based UMTS-to-LTE PS Redirection and

Handover

Contents
4.1 Service-Based PS Service Redirection from UMTS to
LTE
4.1.1 Service Redirection to LTE Overview

4.1.2 Service Redirection to LTE Measurement

4.1.3 Service Redirection to LTE Decision and Execution

4.1.4 Signaling Procedures for Service Redirection to LTE

PS Redirection from UMTS to LTE
Scenario

LTE Cell

PS service

UMTS Cell
RRC Connection Release

PS Handover from UMTS to LTE
Scenario
LTE LTE
Coverage Coverage

PS HO from Scenario 1: UE initiate PS service

UMTS to LTE
based on service in UMTS network
UMTS Coverage

LTE LTE
Coverage Coverage

Scenario 2: UE with CS +PS multi-RAB,

CSFB for
Switch back for when CS is released
CS+PS
PS
UMTS Coverage

Contents
4. PS Redirection and Handover From UMTS and LTE
4.1.1 PS Redirection and Handover From UMTS and LTE Overview

4.1.2 PS Redirection and Handover From UMTS and LTE

Measurement

4.1.3 PS Redirection and Handover From UMTS and LTE Decision and
Execution

4.1.4 PS Redirection and Handover From UMTS and LTE Signaling

Procedures

PS Redirection Between UMTS and LTE
Preconditions
l RNC start LTE measurement if all the following conditions are
met:
p There are no CS RABs among the UE’s RABs
p UE supports both UMTS and LTE, but does not support UMTS to LTE
handover
p CN does not support handover between UMTS and LTE
p The general switch for UMTS-to-LTE PS handover and redirection is
turned on
n SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH: HoSwitch, HO_LTE_PS_OUT_SWITCH -1
p Service-based UMTS-to-LTE PS redirections is controlled by
HO_LTE_SERVICE_PS_OUT_SWITCH under the HoSwitch parameter

PS Handover Between UMTS and LTE
Preconditions
l RNC start LTE measurement if all the following conditions are
met:
p There are no CS RABs among the UE’s RABs
p UE supports both UMTS and LTE, UMTS to LTE handover
p CN support handover between UMTS and LTE
p Service handover attribute EUTRANSHIND of a certain UE PS RAB is
not set to HO_TO_EUTRAN_SHALL_NOT_BE_PERFORM
p The general switch for UMTS-to-LTE PS handover and redirection is
turned on
n SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH: HoSwitch, HO_LTE_PS_OUT_SWITCH -1
p Service-based UMTS-to-LTE PS handover is controlled by
HO_LTE_SERVICE_PSHO_OUT_SWITCH under the HoSwitch
parameter
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page215
UE LTE Capability
l UE LTE capability is contained in signaling RRC Connection
Setup Complete, RNC will check weather UE can support
handover between LTE and UMTS
Type and Semantics
Information Element Version
Reference description
Absence of this IE
Enumerated
Support of means that the UE
(DoesSupportEUT REL-8
E-UTRA FDD does not support
RAFDD)
E-UTRA FDD
Enumerated Absence of this IE
Support of
(DoesSupportInter means that the UE
Inter-RAT PS
- does not support
Handover to E- REL-8
RATHOToEUTRA Inter-RAT PS
UTRA FDD
FDD) Handover to E-
UTRA FDD

PS Redirection from UMTS to LTE
Switches
l Service-based PS handover from UMTS to LTE is controlled by
HO_LTE_SERVICE_PS_OUT_SWITCH.
p HoSwitch- HO_LTE_SERVICE_PS_OUT_SWITCH
n Parameter name: Service-based PS handover from UMTS to LTE switch

n Set this parameter through SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH

l Parameter EUTRANSHIND indicates whether service based

handover to LTE is allowed or not.
p EUTRANSHIND
n Parameter name: Service-Based Handover to LTE Allowed

n Recommended value: None

PS Handover from UMTS to LTE
Switches
l Service-based PS handover from UMTS to LTE is controlled by
HO_LTE_SERVICE_PSHO_OUT_SWITCH.
p HoSwitch-HO_LTE_SERVICE_PSHO_OUT_SWITCH
n Parameter name: Service-based PS handover from UMTS to LTE switch

n Set this parameter through SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH

l Parameter EUTRANSHIND indicates whether service based

handover to LTE is allowed or not.
p EUTRANSHIND
n Parameter name: Service-Based Handover to LTE Allowed

n Recommended value: None

PS Redirection and Handover Between
UMTS to LTE Events
l Event 3C is reported by UE when LTE signal quality is met.

Event Description

The estimated quality of other system is above a certain

Event 3C
threshold.

PS Redirection and Handover Between
UMTS to LTE Criterion
l Event 3C is triggered on the basis of the following formula :

MOtherRAT ≥ TOtherRAT + H3c/2

l Where :
p MOtherRAT is the filtered RSRP or RSRQ measurement value of
the LTE cell, U2LTEFilterCoef specifies the filter coefficient

p TOtherRAT is the absolute inter-RAT handover or redirection

threshold, it can be set by TargetRatThdRSRP or
TargetRatThdRSRQ

p H3c is the hysteresis value of event 3C and can be set by

TOtherRAT + H3c/2
H3c/2
Target cell threshold

Time
Time to trigger 3C

PS Redirection and Handover Between
UMTS to LTE Parameters
l U2LTEFilterCoef
p Parameter name: Layer 3 Filter Coefficient for LTE
Measurement

p Recommended value: D3

l LTEMeasQuanOf3C
p Parameter name: Measurement Quantity for Event 3C
Measurement of LTE

p Recommended value: RSRP

PS Redirection and Handover Between
UMTS to LTE Parameters (Cont.)
l TargetRatThdRSRP
p Parameter name: RSRP Threshold During PS Handover to
LTE

p Recommended value: 36

l TargetRatThdRSRQ
p Parameter name: RSRQ Threshold During PS Handover to
LTE

p Recommended value: 20

PS Redirection and Handover Between
UMTS to LTE Parameters (Cont.)
l Hystfor3C
p Parameter name: Hysteresis for Event 3C

p Recommended value: 4, namely 2dB

l TrigTime3C
p Parameter name: Time to Trigger Event 3C

p Recommended value: D0, namely 0ms

Contents
4. PS Redirection and Handover From UMTS and LTE
4.1.1 PS Redirection and Handover From UMTS and LTE Overview

4.1.2 PS Redirection and Handover From UMTS and LTE Measurement

4.1.3 PS Redirection and Handover From UMTS and LTE Decision

and Execution

4.1.4 PS Redirection and Handover From UMTS and LTE Signaling

Procedures

PS Redirection from UMTS to LTE
Decision and Execution
l After receiving the measurement report of event 3C of an
LTE cell, RNC redirects the UE to the LTE cell

l RNC sends an RRC CONNECTION RELEASE message to

UE and indicates the frequency of the target LTE cell. UE
attempts to access the LTE cell on the frequency indicated in
the message

PS Handover from UMTS to LTE Decision
and Execution
l After receiving the measurement report of event 3C of an
LTE cell, system will perform UMTS to LTE handover
procedure

l Based on the measurement result, RNC selects a target cell

l RNC sends a Relocation Request message to SGSN,

including the target e-NodeB ID

l Then, e-NodeB will prepare resources for handover

l After resource is ready, RNC send handover command to UE

l UE accesses LTE network

Contents
4. PS Redirection and Handover From UMTS and LTE
4.1.1 PS Redirection and Handover From UMTS and LTE Overview

4.1.2 PS Redirection and Handover From UMTS and LTE Measurement

4.1.3 PS Redirection and Handover From UMTS and LTE Decision and
Execution

4.1.4 PS Redirection and Handover From UMTS and LTE Signaling

Procedures

PS Redirection from UMTS to LTE
Signaling Procedure
UE UTRAN PS CN E-UTRAN

RAB Assignment Request

Measurement Control (3C)

Measurement Report (3C)

RRC Connection Release (redirection :

frequency of target LTE cell)
Iu Release Request

RRC Connection Release Complete

RRC Connection Request

Access LTE network for PS service

PS Handover from UMTS to LTE
Signaling Procedure
Target
UE Source RNC Source SGSN Target MME Serving GW PDN GW
eNodeB

The UE performs measurement and

sends the measurement report. The
RNC selects a target cell based on the
measurement report.
Relocation Required
Forward Relocation
Request
Handover Request

Handover Request Ack

Forward Relocation
Response
Relocation Command
Command for a
handover to
the UTRAN

E-UTRAN access procedure

Handover to the E-UTRAN complete

Downlink data through the source SGSN if a direct tunnel is not used

Forwards data through the source SGSN if a direct tunnel is not used

Handover notification

Uplink and downlink data

Tracking area update procedure

Contents
4.1 Service-Based PS Service Redirection from UMTS to LTE

4.2 Coverage-based UMTS-to-LTE PS Redirection and

Handover

Contents
4.2 Coverage-based UMTS-to-LTE PS Redirection
and Handover
4.2.1 Overview

4.2.2 Triggering

4.2.3 UE Redirections or Handovers to LTE

4.2.4 Measurements

4.2.5 Decision and Execution

Architecture

Application Scenarios
l In a UMTS+LTE network, this feature shifts UEs from UMTS
to LTE through a redirection or handover if the LTE signal
quality is better than the UMTS signal quality

Contents
4. Coverage-based UMTS-to-LTE PS Redirection and
Handover
4.2.1 Overview

4.2.2 Triggering

4.2.3 UE Redirections or Handovers to LTE

4.2.4 Measurements

4.2.5 Decision and Execution

Triggering
l Upon receiving an event 2D or 1F measurement report from
a UE, the RNC determines whether to allow a coverage-
based PS redirection or handover from UMTS to LTE.

Contents
4. Coverage-based UMTS-to-LTE PS Redirections
and Handovers
4.2.1 Overview

4.2.2 Triggering

4.2.3 UE Redirections or Handovers to LTE

4.2.4 Measurements

4.2.5 Decision and Execution

UE Redirections or Handovers to LTE
l The RNC allows a UE to be redirected or handed over to
LTE when all the following conditions are met :
p There are no CS RABs among the UE's RABs
p All PS RABs for the UE can be shifted to LTE through a
handover or redirection
p The UE supports both UMTS and LTE
p An LTE network is available
p Switches related to coverage-based UMTS-to-LTE
interoperability have been turned on

Contents
4. Coverage-based UMTS-to-LTE PS Redirections
and Handovers
4.2.1 Overview

4.2.2 Triggering

4.2.3 UE Redirections or Handovers to LTE

4.2.4 Measurements

4.2.5 Decision and Execution

Overview
l When event 2D is triggered and the UE supports
measurements on the neighboring LTE cells, neighboring
GSM cells, or inter-frequency neighboring cells, the RNC
determines the target networks for measurements, sends
the measurement control message to the UE

l Then processes the measurement results. The target

networks include the LTE network, GSM network, and inter-
frequency network.

Overview
l When event 1F is triggered, the RNC does not start
measurements. Instead, it determines whether to shift the
UE to the LTE network through a blind redirection or to a
GSM network or inter-frequency network through a blind
handover. For details about whether the RNC shifts the UE
to the LTE network through a blind redirection

Overview
l The measurement control message sent by the RNC
contains the following LTE-specific information :
p Reporting mode of measurement reports
p Information about to-be-measured neighboring cells or
frequencies
p Measurement quantity
p Parameters related to the event

Event 2D/2F
l Events 2D and 2F are defined as follows:
p When the measurement quantity is less than the threshold for
event 2D, the UE reports event 2D to the RNC to request a
measurement
p When the measurement quantity exceeds the threshold for
event 2F, the UE reports event 2F to the RNC to stop the
measurement

Event 2D/2F
l the parameters related to thresholds for events 2D and 2F
for handovers or redirections to LTE

Measurement Threshold for Triggering

Threshold for Triggering Event 2F
Quantity Event 2D

Ec/N0 LTEThd2DEcN0 LTEThd2FEcN0

RSCP LTEThd2DRSCP LTEThd2FRSCP

Measurement Control Message
l If multiple target networks need to be measured, the RNC
sends the UE multiple measurement control messages
specific for the target networks

l The method for selecting LTE frequencies in the

measurement control message during a coverage-based
UMTS-to-LTE PS redirection or handover is the same as
that during a service-based UMTS-to-LTE PS redirection or
handover

Measurement Result Processing
l Event-triggered Reporting Mode :
p Trigger conditions for event 3A satisfy the following formula:

QUsed <= TUsed - H3a/2 and MOtherRAT >= TOtherRAT + H3a/2

Periodic Reporting Mode
l Conditions for UMTS-to-LTE redirections or handovers
satisfy the following formula

MOtherRAT ≥ TOtherRAT + HystforPeriodLTE/2

Contents
4. Coverage-based UMTS-to-LTE PS Redirections
and Handovers
4.2.1 Overview

4.2.2 Triggering

4.2.3 UE Redirections or Handovers to LTE

4.2.4 Measurements

4.2.5 Decision and Execution

Decision and Execution
l See the notes:

Coverage-based UMTS-to-LTE
Interoperation Procedure
l The procedure for coverage-based UMTS-to-LTE PS
redirections or handovers is the same as that for service-
based UMTS-to-LTE PS redirections or handovers:

Target Cell Selection
l The target cell selection policy is as follows:
p Select a network based on the following sequence: inter-
frequency network, LTE network, and GSM network
p Select the neighboring cell of the highest priority in the network
p If two or more neighboring cells have the same priority, select
the neighboring cell whose signal quality is the best

References
l 3GPP TS 23.122: Non Access Stratum functions related to Mobile
Station (MS) in idle mode
l 3GPP TS 24.008: Mobile radio interface layer 3 specification; Core
Network Protocols - Stage 3
l 3GPP TS 25.304: UE Procedures in Idle Mode and Procedures for Cell
Reselection in Connected Mode
l 3GPP TS 25.331: RRC Protocol Specification
l 3GPP TS 23.060: General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Service
description
l 3GPP TS 25.931: UTRAN Functions, Examples on Signalling
Procedures

Thank You
www.huawei.com

Owo113030 Wcdma Ran11 Handover Algorithm and Parameters Issue102
No ratings yet
Owo113030 Wcdma Ran11 Handover Algorithm and Parameters Issue102
157 pages
OWO113030 WCDMA RAN11 Handover Algorithm and Parameters ISSUE1.02
No ratings yet
OWO113030 WCDMA RAN11 Handover Algorithm and Parameters ISSUE1.02
168 pages
Huawei - WCDMA Handover Principle and Relevant Parameters002
No ratings yet
Huawei - WCDMA Handover Principle and Relevant Parameters002
197 pages
3 WCDMA Handover
No ratings yet
3 WCDMA Handover
105 pages
08 - OWJ200102 WCDMA Handover Algorithm and Parameters
No ratings yet
08 - OWJ200102 WCDMA Handover Algorithm and Parameters
105 pages
3 WCDMA Handover Algorithm and Parameters
No ratings yet
3 WCDMA Handover Algorithm and Parameters
163 pages
LTE Handover Fault Diagnosis
No ratings yet
LTE Handover Fault Diagnosis
54 pages
LTE Feature Introduction Part1
No ratings yet
LTE Feature Introduction Part1
87 pages
4wcdma Ran14 Radio Net Fea Alg Tr1 Ho2
No ratings yet
4wcdma Ran14 Radio Net Fea Alg Tr1 Ho2
112 pages
eRAN3.0 Handover-Related MML Command Configuration Guide
No ratings yet
eRAN3.0 Handover-Related MML Command Configuration Guide
13 pages
ZWF25!03!004 E-DCH Inter-Frequency Hard Handover
No ratings yet
ZWF25!03!004 E-DCH Inter-Frequency Hard Handover
32 pages
WCDMA Handover Guide
No ratings yet
WCDMA Handover Guide
84 pages
Principles of Handover in WCDMA
No ratings yet
Principles of Handover in WCDMA
84 pages
5 LTE ERAN6.0 Handover Feature ISSUE1.00
No ratings yet
5 LTE ERAN6.0 Handover Feature ISSUE1.00
75 pages
12 LTE Handover Fault Diagnosis
No ratings yet
12 LTE Handover Fault Diagnosis
54 pages
WCDMA Handover Principles Guide
No ratings yet
WCDMA Handover Principles Guide
84 pages
3wcdma Ran14 Radio Net Fea Alg Tr1 Ho1
No ratings yet
3wcdma Ran14 Radio Net Fea Alg Tr1 Ho1
66 pages
09-WCDMA Handover Principal
No ratings yet
09-WCDMA Handover Principal
92 pages
OWO114030 WCDMA RAN12 Handover Algorithm and Parameters ISSUE 1.01
No ratings yet
OWO114030 WCDMA RAN12 Handover Algorithm and Parameters ISSUE 1.01
166 pages
09-WCDMA RNO Handover Principal - 20051214
No ratings yet
09-WCDMA RNO Handover Principal - 20051214
92 pages
3-WCDMA Handover Principal
No ratings yet
3-WCDMA Handover Principal
62 pages
Training Module For 3 G (WCDMA) : Day:1 - Day:2
No ratings yet
Training Module For 3 G (WCDMA) : Day:1 - Day:2
68 pages
WCDMA Handover Optimization Guide
No ratings yet
WCDMA Handover Optimization Guide
43 pages
Intra LTE Handover
100% (2)
Intra LTE Handover
24 pages
WCDMA Interat Hand Over
No ratings yet
WCDMA Interat Hand Over
102 pages
Training Module For 3 G (WCDMA) : Day:1 - Day:2
No ratings yet
Training Module For 3 G (WCDMA) : Day:1 - Day:2
68 pages
Training Module For 3 G (WCDMA) : Day:1 - Day:2
No ratings yet
Training Module For 3 G (WCDMA) : Day:1 - Day:2
68 pages
WCDMA Handover Parameters Guide
No ratings yet
WCDMA Handover Parameters Guide
3 pages
WPO-24 Analysis and Optimization of Handover - PPT-75
No ratings yet
WPO-24 Analysis and Optimization of Handover - PPT-75
75 pages
2-OMO112040 BSC6000 GSM V9R8C12 Handover Algorithm and Parameters ISSUE1.00
No ratings yet
2-OMO112040 BSC6000 GSM V9R8C12 Handover Algorithm and Parameters ISSUE1.00
172 pages
3G Handover Strategies
No ratings yet
3G Handover Strategies
47 pages
WCDMA 3G (Inter-Frequency) Handover Principle and Parameters
No ratings yet
WCDMA 3G (Inter-Frequency) Handover Principle and Parameters
12 pages
Omf810002 GSM Handover Algorithm Issue2.01 Emerson Eduardo Rodrigues
No ratings yet
Omf810002 GSM Handover Algorithm Issue2.01 Emerson Eduardo Rodrigues
163 pages
Dokumen - Tips - 3 Omf810002 GSM Handover Algorithm Issue20
No ratings yet
Dokumen - Tips - 3 Omf810002 GSM Handover Algorithm Issue20
163 pages
Omo131020 Bsc6900 GSM v9r11r12r13 Handover Algorithm I Issue1.11
No ratings yet
Omo131020 Bsc6900 GSM v9r11r12r13 Handover Algorithm I Issue1.11
191 pages
OMF810002 GSM Handover Algorithm ISSUE2.0
No ratings yet
OMF810002 GSM Handover Algorithm ISSUE2.0
163 pages
Ericsson LTE FDD Connected Mode Behavior
No ratings yet
Ericsson LTE FDD Connected Mode Behavior
51 pages
ZTE UMTS Handover Strategies
No ratings yet
ZTE UMTS Handover Strategies
89 pages
ZTE UMTS H.O Parameteres
No ratings yet
ZTE UMTS H.O Parameteres
89 pages
Gsm Handover Algorithm: 英文标题:40-47Pt 副标题:26-30Pt 字体颜色:反白内部使用字体: Frutigernext Lt Medium 外部使用字体: Arial
No ratings yet
Gsm Handover Algorithm: 英文标题:40-47Pt 副标题:26-30Pt 字体颜色:反白内部使用字体: Frutigernext Lt Medium 外部使用字体: Arial
172 pages
ZTE WCDMA Handover
No ratings yet
ZTE WCDMA Handover
60 pages
Feature Deployment and Testing Guide
No ratings yet
Feature Deployment and Testing Guide
25 pages
Explore: Comment Link Embed Zoom of 215
No ratings yet
Explore: Comment Link Embed Zoom of 215
17 pages
09 Principles of Handover in WCDMA
No ratings yet
09 Principles of Handover in WCDMA
84 pages
19 ZTE UMTS Handover
No ratings yet
19 ZTE UMTS Handover
60 pages
UMTS Handover Control: ZTE University
No ratings yet
UMTS Handover Control: ZTE University
108 pages
HO Features
No ratings yet
HO Features
889 pages
03HO
No ratings yet
03HO
16 pages
Intra-RAT Mobility Management in Connected Mode Feature Parameter Description
No ratings yet
Intra-RAT Mobility Management in Connected Mode Feature Parameter Description
132 pages
4 LTE eRAN17.1 MRO Feature
No ratings yet
4 LTE eRAN17.1 MRO Feature
85 pages
WCDMA RNO Handover Algorithm Analysis and Parameter Configuration Guidance
No ratings yet
WCDMA RNO Handover Algorithm Analysis and Parameter Configuration Guidance
52 pages
Inter Frequency Handover Optimization
No ratings yet
Inter Frequency Handover Optimization
20 pages
WCDMA Admission Control Algorithm and Parameters
No ratings yet
WCDMA Admission Control Algorithm and Parameters
120 pages
Estados 3G
No ratings yet
Estados 3G
2 pages
2 - OWP112020 WCDMA Radio Network Capacity Dimensioning ISSUE1.24 WOM Colombia
No ratings yet
2 - OWP112020 WCDMA Radio Network Capacity Dimensioning ISSUE1.24 WOM Colombia
107 pages
3 - Owp126010 Wcdma Hspa&Hspa+ Dimensioning Issue 1.01 Wom Colombia
No ratings yet
3 - Owp126010 Wcdma Hspa&Hspa+ Dimensioning Issue 1.01 Wom Colombia
105 pages
Creating Effective Test Specifications
No ratings yet
Creating Effective Test Specifications
25 pages
Algorithms For Polynomial and Rational Approximation
No ratings yet
Algorithms For Polynomial and Rational Approximation
141 pages
Public and Private Sectors in Higher Education: A Comparison of International Patterns 1
No ratings yet
Public and Private Sectors in Higher Education: A Comparison of International Patterns 1
13 pages
Zimbabwe School Examinations Council: Accounting 9197/3
50% (2)
Zimbabwe School Examinations Council: Accounting 9197/3
8 pages
Angelica (Angelica Archangelica)
No ratings yet
Angelica (Angelica Archangelica)
10 pages
IFL-Entrance Exam 2023
No ratings yet
IFL-Entrance Exam 2023
1 page
CS 488
No ratings yet
CS 488
288 pages
Covidien Bed SIde Spo2 Monitoring System
No ratings yet
Covidien Bed SIde Spo2 Monitoring System
2 pages
P2AP PartIV Learnhowtodraftapatentapplication Final 0
No ratings yet
P2AP PartIV Learnhowtodraftapatentapplication Final 0
36 pages
Charter of UN PDF
No ratings yet
Charter of UN PDF
188 pages
02 Transformer Protection RET670
No ratings yet
02 Transformer Protection RET670
20 pages
Elasticity Theory Applications and Numerics 2nd Edition by Martin Sadd Official Test Bank
No ratings yet
Elasticity Theory Applications and Numerics 2nd Edition by Martin Sadd Official Test Bank
324 pages
BCH 201 General - Biochemistry 1 - Farid2 PDF
100% (1)
BCH 201 General - Biochemistry 1 - Farid2 PDF
103 pages
Planificare Anuala Upstream Proficiency L1 Cls 12 Teoretic Si Vocational
No ratings yet
Planificare Anuala Upstream Proficiency L1 Cls 12 Teoretic Si Vocational
6 pages
Cleaning of Glass
No ratings yet
Cleaning of Glass
1 page
The Level of Interest Between Small Scale and Large Scale
No ratings yet
The Level of Interest Between Small Scale and Large Scale
30 pages
Christ Apostolic Church
No ratings yet
Christ Apostolic Church
2 pages
Determination of Chlorides
100% (1)
Determination of Chlorides
4 pages
Equipment Earthing Guide
No ratings yet
Equipment Earthing Guide
16 pages
General Systems Theory Problems Perspectives and Practice 2nd Edition Lars Skyttner New Release 2025
No ratings yet
General Systems Theory Problems Perspectives and Practice 2nd Edition Lars Skyttner New Release 2025
118 pages
A Single-Cell and Spatially Resolved Atlas of Human
No ratings yet
A Single-Cell and Spatially Resolved Atlas of Human
40 pages
Contract Teaching Jobs in Pune JNVs
No ratings yet
Contract Teaching Jobs in Pune JNVs
2 pages
Design Cal of Cememt Silo PDF
100% (1)
Design Cal of Cememt Silo PDF
176 pages
Integrated Crop Water Management
No ratings yet
Integrated Crop Water Management
15 pages
SPJIMR Form B (Edit 1) - 2
100% (1)
SPJIMR Form B (Edit 1) - 2
3 pages
Business Pressure
No ratings yet
Business Pressure
7 pages
Phyto Medicine 2002
No ratings yet
Phyto Medicine 2002
4 pages
Quiz Practical Research 1
No ratings yet
Quiz Practical Research 1
29 pages
Educational Psychology 5664
No ratings yet
Educational Psychology 5664
9 pages
Multiple Choice Questions B A History Capitalism and Colonialism Semester VI
No ratings yet
Multiple Choice Questions B A History Capitalism and Colonialism Semester VI
5 pages