IT WORKSHOP
External Important Questions
UNIT I:
1. Explain the different components of a computer system with a neat block diagram.
2. Describe the process of assembling and disassembling a personal computer. List
the safety precautions that should be followed.
3. Explain about South and North bridge and its functionalities?
4. What is SMPS? Explain its functionality and explain about different power
connectors?
5. Explain the following components and their functionality.
a. Socket-478
b. PCI slots
c. BIOS
d. CMOS
UNIT II:
1. What is Computer Network? Explain advantages and disadvantages?
2. Differentiate between LAN, WAN, MAN?
3. What is Internet and WIFI? Explain their features and example of uasages?
4. Explain the role of HTML, CSS in world wide web? What are tools for website design?
5. Differences Between Social Media C Online Social Networks
UNIT III,IV,V:
1. Using MS-Word application writes a formal letter to the
principal requesting leave for 2 days with your own
reason.
2. Using MS-Word application creates the certificate of lab record.
3. Using MS-Word generates 5 students certificate using mail merge concept.
4. Using MS-Excel create a Student Marks Sheet and using
functions calculate the Total Marks, Average and Rank.
5. Using MS-Excel create a Student Marks Sheet and using
functions calculate the Total Marks, Average and Rank
from this display topper marks
6. Create a Power Point Presentation on your own topic with at least 8 slides.
Explain the different components of a computer system with a neat block diagram.
Answer:
A computer system consists of the following main components:
1. Input Devices: Devices like a keyboard and mouse allow users to enter data.
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU): The brain of the computer, which includes:
o ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) – Performs mathematical and logical
operations.
o CU (Control Unit) – Directs the flow of instructions.
3. Memory Unit:
o Primary Memory (RAM, ROM) – Used for temporary and permanent data
storage.
o Secondary Memory (HDD, SSD) – Stores data permanently.
4. Output Devices: Devices like a monitor and printer display the results.
5. Storage Devices: Hard disks, SSDs, USB drives store large amounts of data.
Block Diagram of a Computer System:
Describe the process of assembling and disassembling a personal computer. List the
safety precautions that should be followed.
Answer:
Steps for Assembling a PC:
1. Prepare the workspace – Ensure a clean and static-free environment.
2. Install the power supply – Fix the power supply unit (PSU) into the case.
3. Mount the motherboard – Align and secure it inside the cabinet.
4. Install CPU and RAM – Insert the processor and memory modules carefully.
5. Connect storage devices – Attach HDD/SSD using SATA cables.
6. Install the graphics card (if needed) – Insert it into the PCIe slot.
7. Connect all cables – Power cables, data cables, and cooling fans.
8. Check all connections and turn on the system to test booting.
Steps for Disassembling a PC:
1. Turn off the PC and unplug all power sources.
2. Remove external cables (keyboard, mouse, monitor).
3. Open the CPU case and unplug internal components carefully.
4. Detach the RAM, CPU, storage devices, and graphics card.
5. Remove the motherboard and power supply safely.
Safety Precautions:
• Use an anti-static wrist strap to avoid static discharge.
• Turn off and unplug the computer before working.
• Handle components gently to avoid damage.
• Use proper tools like screwdrivers.
Explain about South and North bridge and its functionalities?
Answer:
In a computer motherboard chipset, the North Bridge and South Bridge are two crucial
components that control data flow between the CPU, memory, storage, and peripherals.
1. North Bridge :
The North Bridge is responsible for high-speed communication between the CPU,
RAM, and Graphics Card (GPU).
Functions of North Bridge:
• Connects CPU to RAM (memory controller).
• Handles high-speed components like PCI Express (GPU).
• Manages communication with the South Bridge.
• Previously handled memory control, but in modern systems, the memory controller
is integrated into the CPU.
2. South Bridge (Input/Output Controller )
The South Bridge manages slower-speed peripherals and I/O devices such as USB,
Hard Drives (HDD/SSD), and Audio devices.
Functions of South Bridge:
• Manages SATA ports for storage devices (HDD, SSD).
• Controls USB ports, Ethernet, and Audio devices.
• Handles BIOS settings and system startup.
• Manages PCI slots for expansion cards.
What is SMPS? Explain its functionality and explain about different power connectors?
Answer:
SMPS (Switched-Mode Power Supply) is an electronic power supply that converts AC
(Alternating Current) into DC (Direct Current) to power a computer's internal
components. It is more efficient and compact than traditional linear power supplies.
Functionality of SMPS
SMPS works by converting high-voltage AC into low-voltage DC using switching
regulators. It follows these key steps:
1. AC to DC Conversion – The AC power from the wall socket is converted into high-
voltage DC.
2. High-Frequency Switching – The DC is switched on and off rapidly using a high-
frequency transistor.
3. Voltage Transformation – The high-frequency DC is passed through a transformer
to step down the voltage.
4. Rectification and Filtering – The lower-voltage AC is converted back to DC and
filtered to remove noise.
5. Regulation and Output Distribution – The DC power is regulated and distributed to
different computer components.
Example: The SMPS in a desktop PC converts 230V AC into +12V, +5V, and +3.3V DC to
power the motherboard, CPU, hard drives, and other peripherals.
Different Power Connectors in SMPS
SMPS provides various connectors to supply power to different components.
Connector Type Function Voltage Supplied
24-Pin ATX Connector Powers the motherboard +3.3V, +5V, +12V
4-Pin ATX Connector Powers the CPU +12V
SATA Power Connector Powers HDDs, SSDs, Optical Drives +5V, +12V
4-Pin Molex Connector Powers older HDDs, Fans, Peripherals +5V, +12V
Explain the following components and their functionality.
a. Socket-478
b. PCI slots
c. BIOS
d. CMOS
Answer:
(a) Socket-478
Definition: Socket 478 is a CPU socket used in older Intel Pentium 4 and Celeron
processors.
Functionality:
• Provides physical and electrical connections between the processor and the
motherboard.
• Uses a ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) mechanism for easy CPU installation.
• Supports 533 MHz Front Side Bus (FSB) and 478 pins for data transfer.
(b) PCI Slots (Peripheral Component Interconnect)
Definition: PCI slots are expansion slots on a motherboard used to connect hardware
components.
Functionality:
• Allows connection of expansion cards like graphic cards, sound cards, network
cards, and storage controllers.
• Operates at 33 MHz and 133 MB/s transfer speed (for standard PCI).
• Uses a parallel bus architecture.
Types of PCI Slots:
• PCI (Conventional) – Standard slot (older computers).
• PCI-X (PCI Extended) – Faster version for servers.
• PCIe (PCI Express) – Modern high-speed slot for GPUs and SSDs.
(c) BIOS (Basic Input Output System)
Definition: BIOS is firmware stored in ROM that initializes hardware during the boot process.
Functionality:
• Performs POST (Power-On Self Test) to check hardware before booting.
• Loads the Operating System (OS) from storage devices.
• Provides settings for hardware configuration, such as boot order, CPU speed, and memory settings.
(d) CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor)
Definition: CMOS is a battery-powered memory chip that stores BIOS settings like date, time, and hardware
configurations.
Functionality:
• Stores BIOS configurations (boot sequence, password, clock settings).
• Retains settings even when the computer is turned off.
• Uses a CR2032 lithium battery for power.
If the CMOS battery dies, the system forgets BIOS settings and shows an error like
"CMOS Checksum Error."
2. Using MS-Word application creates the certificate of lab record.
Step-by-Step Instructions to Create the Certificate in MS Word:
1. Open Microsoft Word
• Launch MS Word
• Select Blank Document
2. Set Page Layout
• Go to Layout > Orientation > Landscape
• Set Margins:
o Go to Layout > Margins > Custom Margins
o Set margins to: Top: 1", Bottom: 1", Left: 1", Right: 1"
3. Insert Page Border
• Go to Design > Page Borders
• Select:
o Box
o Color: Dark Blue
o Width: 2 ¼ pt
• Click OK
4. Insert College Logo and Name
a. Insert Logo:
• Go to Insert > Pictures > This Device
• Select the college logo image (or use a placeholder)
• Resize and place it top-left or center
b. College Name s Details:
• Center align the text:
o Type:
vbnet
CopyEdit
SPHOORTHY ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(NAAC Accredited, Recognised by UGC u/s 2(f) s 12(B))
Affiliated to JNTUH, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, ISO G001:2015 Certified
Near L.B. Nagar, Nadargul, Hyderabad - 501510
Mobile: G3G2 11 G3G2, GG 666 310G1, www.sphoorthyengg.ac.in
• Use:
o Font: Times New Roman / Cambria / Calibri
o College name: Bold + Font size 24–28
o Subtext: Font size 10–12
5. Insert Certificate Heading
• Center align
• Insert text: Certificate
• Use:
o Font: Old English Text MT (or any script font)
o Font size: 28–32
o Border: Draw a rectangle shape behind it using Insert > Shapes > Rectangle
(No fill / light background with red border)
6. Add Body Content
Use Insert > Text Box to draw and position text
blocks. Paste this sample (edit fields with underline as
needed): markdown
CopyEdit
This is to certify that
Mr. / Miss : Roll No. :
Year: Semester:
Department:
has successfully executed all the programs using C language during 20 - 20
• Use Font: Times New Roman / Calibri, size 12–14
• Align center or justify as needed
7. Signature Lines
At the bottom, insert a 3-column table:
• Go to Insert > Table > 3x1
• Type:
o Left cell: Faculty In-charge
o Center cell: Internal Examiner
o Right cell: Head of the Department
• Remove table borders: Table > Design > No Borders
• Add bottom border only to each cell to simulate signature lines
8. Final Formatting
• Apply bold or italics as needed
• Use Spacing Before/After in Layout > Paragraph Settings for neat spacing
• Save the file as:
o .docx (editable)
o .pdf (for printing)
3. Using MS-Word generates 5 students certificate using mail
merge concept.
Step 1: Create Your Student Data in Excel
1. Open Excel and create the following columns
(headers): sql
CopyEdit
Name | RollNo | Year | Semester | Department | FromYear | ToYear
2. Enter the student details (5 rows),
ToYea
Ye Semeste Departme FromYea
like: Name RollNo r
ar r nt r
22CSE00 2025
Anil IV II CSE 2021
1
Sravan 22CSE00 2025
i 2 IV II CSE 2021
22AIML0 2025
Rajesh IV I AIML 2021
1
22ECE00 2026
Priya
3 III I ECE 2022
Manoj 22ME004 2026
III II ME 2022
3. Save the file as
StudentData.xlsx.
◆ Step 2: Design the Certificate Template in MS Word
1. Open MS Word.
2. Create your certificate content (as in your uploaded image), for
example: pgsql
CopyEdit
This is to certify that
Mr. / Miss : «Name» Roll No.: «RollNo»
Year: «Year» Semester: «Semester»
Department: «Department»
has successfully executed all the programs using C language during 20«FromYear» -
20«ToYear»
3. Leave space and formatting similar to your image.
◆ Step 3: Link Excel Data to Word (Mail Merge)
1. Go to Mailings tab in Word.
2. Click Start Mail Merge > Letters.
3. Click Select Recipients > Use an Existing List…
4. Choose your StudentData.xlsx file.
5. Select the sheet containing your data (usually Sheet1$).
6. Click Insert Merge Field to insert fields where needed:
o Name → «Name»
o RollNo → «RollNo»
o Year → «Year»
o Semester → «Semester»
o Department → «Department»
o FromYear → «FromYear»
o ToYear → «ToYear»
◆ Step 4: Preview and Finish
1. Click Preview Results in the Mailings tab to view each student’s certificate.
2. Use the arrows («⬛⬛ ») to go through all 5.
3. Once satisfied, click Finish C Merge > Print Documents or Edit
Individual Documents to save all certificates as a new file.
4. Using MS-Excel create a Student Marks Sheet and using functions
calculate the Total Marks, Average and Rank.
Step 1: Open Excel and Set Up the Table
1. Open Microsoft Excel.
2. In Row 1, type the following column headers:
A B C D E F G H I
Roll Total Rank
Name Sub1 Sub2 Sub3 Average Grade
No. Marks
◆ Step 2: Enter Sample Student Data
Example (starting from row 2):
A B C D E
101 Anil 78 85 92
102 Priya 88 90 84
103 Rajesh 65 70 60
104 Sravani 95 98 97
105 Kiran 55 60 58
◆ Step 3: Calculate Total Marks
1. Click on cell F2 (beside first student's marks).
2. Type this
formula:
CopyEdit
=C2+D2+E2
3. Press Enter.
4. Drag the fill handle (bottom right corner of cell) down to copy the formula for
all students.
◆ Step 4: Calculate Average Marks
1. Click on cell G2.
2. Type the formula:
CopyEdit
=F2/3
3. Press Enter and copy down using the fill handle.
◆ Step 5: Assign Grade (Optional)
1. Click on cell H2.
2. Type this
formula: excel
CopyEdit
=IF(G2>=90,"A+",IF(G2>=80,"A",IF(G2>=70,"B",IF(G2>=60,"C",IF(G2>=50,"D","Fail")))))
3. Press Enter and copy down.
◆ Step 6: Calculate Rank
1. Click on cell I2.
2. Type this
formula: swift
CopyEdit
=RANK(F2, $F$2:$F$6)
(Assuming 5 students in F2 to F6).
3. Press Enter and drag down to fill for other students.
Final Table Example:
Roll Rank
Name Sub1 Sub2 Sub3 Total Avg Grade
No.
101 Anil 78 85 92 255 85.0 A 2
102 Priya 88 90 84 262 87.3 A 1
103 Rajesh 65 70 60 195 65.0 C 5
104 Sravani 95 98 97 290 96.7 A+ 0
105 Kiran 55 60 58 173 57.7 D 6
Adjust the range F2:F6 according to the number of students.
5. Using MS-Excel create a Student Marks Sheet
and using functions calculate the Total Marks, Average
and Rank from this display topper marks
Ans:
Write above 4th question answer completely
then write the following For displaying the
topper marks formula is
=Max(first cell:last cell)
