8
Quarter 2
Learning Activity Lesson
Sheet for Science 1
PILOT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MATATAG K TO 10 CURRICULUM
Learning Activity Sheet for Science Grade 8
Quarter 2: Lesson 1 (Week 1)
SY 2024-2025
This material is intended exclusively for the use of teachers participating in the pilot
implementation of the MATATAG K to 10 Curriculum during the School Year 2024-2025. It
aims to assist in delivering the curriculum content, standards, and lesson competencies. Any
unauthorized reproduction, distribution, modification, or utilization of this material beyond the
designated scope is strictly prohibited and may result in appropriate legal actions and
disciplinary measures.
Borrowed content included in this material are owned by their respective copyright
holders. Every effort has been made to locate and obtain permission to use these materials
from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and development team do not represent
nor claim ownership over them.
Development Team
Writer:
• Melody C. Alcantara (Philippine Normal University – Manila)
Validator:
• Vic Marie I. Camacho (Philippine Normal University – Manila)
Management Team
Philippine Normal University
Research Institute for Teacher Quality
SiMERR National Research Centre
Every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information provided in this
material. For inquiries or feedback, please write or call the Office of the Director of the Bureau
of Learning Resources via telephone numbers (02) 8634-1072 and 8631-6922 or by email at
blr.od@deped.gov.ph.
PILOT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MATATAG K TO 10 CURRICULUM
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
Learning Area: Science Quarter: 2
Lesson No.: 1 Date:
Lesson Title/ Topic: Development of the Structure of the Atom
Name: Grade & Section:
I. Activity No. 1: The Atom: from Greeks to Dalton (30 mins)
II. Objective(s): At the end of the activity, the students are expected to:
a. know who Democritus and John Dalton are;
b. understand Democritus’ and John Dalton’s idea of the atom; and
c. appreciate their contribution in the realization of the components of matter
III. Materials Needed:
• Pen • drawing materials
• Paper • Internet
• activity sheet • cellphone or computer
IV. Instructions: Get to know Democritus and John Dalton by reading their profiles provided as
a reading material in this section. Compare their ideas of the atom based on the given
information. Conduct additional research about these scientists and their description of the
atom if necessary. Answer the guide questions and present answers to the class.
Democritus’ Profile
Democritus was born in the Thracian town of Abdera early
in the fifth century B.C. He was the son of a rich man who
was able to provide him with good education. After his father
died, he traveled in the East and studied under various
masters. Despite being depicted as a sad old man in n 18th
century engraving, he was known as “the laughing
philosopher” due to his emphasis on cheerfulness. He is said
to have written 72 books with topics ranging from
mathematics, biology, literature, astronomy, agriculture,
ethics, and poetry, but none of which survived. He is the 1st
Philosopher who deduced that 'Milky Way' was the light of
stars. His principal contribution to philosophy was his
development of the concept of the atom, first proposed by his
Democritus teacher, Leucippus. His theory was based on deduction and
(~460 - ~370 B.C.E.) observation rather than experiment.
Image Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles-Antoine_Coypel_-_The_Cheerful_Democritus.jpg
Democritus’ description of an atom (5th Century)
• Everything is made of smallest, invisible and indivisible particles called atoms
• Atoms cannot be destroyed.
• Atoms have existed in motion forever and will remain in motion forever.
• Objects we can see are made of aggregations of linked atoms.
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PILOT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MATATAG K TO 10 CURRICULUM
Guide Questions:
1. Draw a model of the atom based on Democritus’ description of the atom.
2. Why do you think Democritus’ idea of the atom was disregarded? Who influenced this
movement?
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3. Cite other view/s related to matter which prevailed during the time of Ancient Greeks.
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John Dalton’s Profile
John Dalton is an English chemist, mathematician, and
philosopher. He was the son of an English weaver from
Eaglesfield in Cumbria. His limited formal education does not
limit him due to his innate curiosity and sharp mind. Dalton
was criticized for being an uninterested experimented who
lacked both the language and the visual impact of his
illustrations. He was fond of lawn bowling on Thursday
afternoons.
He provided the basic descriptions of atoms and molecules
that serve as the foundation of modern chemistry until today.
It was this work that made him one of the first two recipients
of the Royal Medal, a prestigious award presented annually
by the Royal Society for "the most important contributions to
John Dalton
the advancement of natural knowledge" in 1826. Aside from
(1766–1844)
the atomic theory, he also formulated several gas laws and
gave the first detailed description of color blindness.
Image Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Dalton_by_Charles_Turner.jpg
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PILOT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MATATAG K TO 10 CURRICULUM
Dalton’s atomic theory (1807)
• Matter is made up of atoms that are indivisible and indestructible.
• All atoms of an element are identical.
• Atoms of different elements have different weights and different chemical properties.
• Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole numbers to form compounds.
• Atoms cannot be created or destroyed. When a compound decomposes, the atoms are
recovered unchanged.
Guide Questions:
1. Draw a model of the atom based on John Dalton’s description of the atom.
2. What are the similarities of Democritus and Dalton’ view on atoms?
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3. How does the description of an atom differ between Dalton and Democritus?
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PILOT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MATATAG K TO 10 CURRICULUM
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
Learning Area: Science Quarter: 2
Lesson No.: 1 Date:
Lesson Title/ Topic: Development of the Structure of the Atom
Name: Grade & Section:
I. Activity No. 2: The Law of Conservation of Mass (1 hour)
II. Objective(s): At the end of the activity, the students are expected to:
a. observe the occurrence of conservation of mass in a chemical reaction;
b. describe observations that suggest a chemical change has occurred;
c. use visual representations in understanding the behavior of atoms;
d. relate the law of conservation of mass to the postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory.
III. Materials Needed:
• 100 ml Graduated cylinder/ • spatula
measuring cup • masking tape
• 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask/plastic • vinegar
bottle • baking soda
• Analytical balance or weighing scale. • pen and paper
• balloon • calculator
• clean piece of paper/watch glass
IV. Instructions:
A. Law of Conservation of Mass
1. Measure 20 mL of vinegar using a graduated cylinder.
2. Put the vinegar in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask.
3. Measure 3.0 g of baking soda using a clean piece of paper or watch glass.
4. Place the baking soda inside the balloon.
5. Connect the mouth of the balloon to the mouth of the Erlenmeyer flask and tape it to
make sure no gas could escape. Be careful not to spill the baking soda into the
Erlenmeyer flask.
6. Measure the mass of the set up. Record.
7. Flip the balloon to mix the baking soda and vinegar. Observe.
8. Once the mixture settles, measure the mass of the whole set up again. Record.
9. Compare the mass of the set up before and after mixing.
10. Answer the guide questions that follow.
Data Table:
Before After
Mass of the set-up
Observation
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Guide Questions:
1. What kind of change has occurred?
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2. What evidence/s can support your answer in No. 1?
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3. Is there a change in mass after the process? If yes, what might have happened to cause
such a difference?
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4. The representation below shows the atoms involved in the process,
Image Source: https://www.acs.org/middleschoolchemistry/lessonplans/chapter6/lesson2.html
How can you relate this to postulate 5 of Dalton’s atomic theory?
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Note: In case the materials are not available in the school, the students can watch this video:
Wolverton, N. (2021, April 1). Vinegar + baking soda - law of conservation of mass. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JryJ5z0sS4w&t=23s
Science 8 Quarter 2 5
PILOT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MATATAG K TO 10 CURRICULUM
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
Learning Area: Science Quarter: 2
Lesson No.: 1 Date:
Lesson Title/ Topic: Development of the Structure of the Atom
Name: Grade & Section:
I. Activity No. 3: The Electrons (1 hour)
II. Objective(s): At the end of the activity, the students are expected to:
a. know who J.J. Thomson and Robert Millikan are;
b. understand J.J. Thomson’s contribution in the discovery of the electron;
c. understand Robert Millikan’s contribution in the determination of the mass and charge
of the electron; and
d. appreciate their contribution in the development of the atomic model.
III. Materials Needed:
• Pen • drawing materials
• Paper • Internet
• activity sheet • cellphone or computer
IV. Instructions: Get to know the life and works of J.J. Thomson and Robert Millikan by reading
the profile provided as a reading material in this section. Watch the videos about cathode ray
tube and Oil drop experiment. Conduct additional research about these scientists and their
experiments.
J.J. Thomson’s Profile
Joseph John Thomson was born in Cheetham Hill, a suburb
of Manchester on December 18, 1856. He enrolled at Owens
College, Manchester, in 1870, and in 1876 entered Trinity
College, Cambridge as a minor scholar. The scholarship was in
memory of John Dalton.
He used a cathode ray tube and his knowledge of
electromagnetic theory to determine the ratio of electric charge
to the mass of an individual electron. The number he came up
with was -1.76 x 108 C/g, where C stands for coulomb, which
is the unit of electric charge.
Joseph John Thomson
(1856–1940)
Image Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:J.J._Thomson_LCCN2014715407.jpg
Thomson’s model of atomic structure (1899)
• Negatively charged particles are called electrons.
• An electron's mass is equal to 1/1840 that of hydrogen, the lightest atom.
• An electron is 1000 times smaller than hydrogen.
• An atom is neutral, with equal negative and positive charge.
• The electrons are embedded in a sphere of positive charge like plums in a pudding.
Science 8 Quarter 2 6
PILOT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MATATAG K TO 10 CURRICULUM
Cathode Ray Tube Experiment
The teacher will briefly describe the Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) diagram below. Use this diagram
as basis for completing the CPEOE table.
Image Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vXOeehVTcRA
Modified from: https://www.ck12.org/flexi/chemistry/cathode-ray-tube/what-did-the-cathode-ray-tube-experiment-
demonstrate/
Imagine when the stated Conditions are applied in the CRT. Discuss these with your group
then fill in the Predict part and provide a brief explanation in the Explain column.
Conditions PREDICT EXPLAIN OBSERVE EXPLAIN
What will be the
direction of the ray
coming from the
cathode?
What will happen
to the cathode ray
when the magnets
are moved closer
to the tube
What will happen
when an electric
field is applied
across the cathode
ray tube
Science 8 Quarter 2 7
PILOT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MATATAG K TO 10 CURRICULUM
Watch the video “Cathode Ray Tube” to visualize the characteristics of a cathode ray. Then,
fill up the Observe part of the CPEOE table.
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vXOeehVTcRA
Conditions PREDICT EXPLAIN OBSERVE EXPLAIN
What will be the
direction of the ray
coming from the
cathode?
What will happen
to the cathode ray
when the magnets
are moved closer to
the tube
What will happen
when an electric
field is applied
across the cathode
ray tube
Discuss within your group how these observations can be explained. Write your explanation
in the Explain part of the CPEOE table.
Conditions PREDICT EXPLAIN OBSERVE EXPLAIN
What will be the
direction of the ray
coming from the
cathode?
What will happen
to the cathode ray
when the magnets
are moved closer to
the tube
What will happen
when an electric
field is applied
across the cathode
ray tube
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PILOT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MATATAG K TO 10 CURRICULUM
1. Based on the characteristics of the cathode ray you observed from the video and the
findings of J.J. Thomson in his own cathode ray tube experiment, draw a model of the
atom.
2. What are the other characteristics of the cathode ray tube based on the video that are
not included in the CPEOE table? What do these characteristics say about the electrons?
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Robert Millikan’s Profile
Robert Andrews Millikan was born in Morrison, Illinois. Aside
from being a tennis player, he was also fond of playing golf. He
received a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1923 for determining the
charge of the electron.
Observations of Millikan (1913)
• The fundamental unit of charge is -1.60 x 10-19 Coulombs.
• The mass of the electron is 9.10 x 10-28 g, an exceedingly
small mass.
Image Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Millikan.jpg
Robert Andrews Millikan
(1868–1953)
Millikan’s Oil Drop Experiment
Watch the Millikan Oil Drop Experiment Animation Video and Answer the guide questions
below. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFiPWv03f6g
Guide Questions:
1. What is the purpose of Millikan’s oil drop experiment?
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PILOT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MATATAG K TO 10 CURRICULUM
2. Draw the experimental set up used by Robert Millikan.
3. What are the observations made by Millikan?
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Science 8 Quarter 2 10
PILOT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MATATAG K TO 10 CURRICULUM
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
Learning Area: Science Quarter: 2nd Quarter
Lesson No.: 1 Date:
Lesson Title/ Topic: Development of the Structure of the Atom
Name: Grade & Section:
I. Activity No. 4: The Center of the Atom (30 mins)
II. Objective(s): At the end of the activity, the students are expected to:
a. know who Ernest Rutherford and James Chadwick are;
b. learn their contributions in the understanding of the structure of the atom; and
c. appreciate his contribution in the development of the modern atomic model.
III. Materials Needed:
• Pen • drawing materials
• Paper • Internet
• activity sheet • cellphone or computer
IV. Instructions: Get to know the life and works of Rutherford and Chadwick by reading the copy
of their profile provided by the teacher. You may conduct additional research about them and
their contributions to the development of the structure of the atom. Watch the video
“Rutherford’s Alpha Scattering Experiment” and “Discovery of Neutron”. Answer the guide
questions.
Ernest Rutherford’s Profile
Ernest Rutherford was born in Nelson, New Zealand. In 1894,
he received a scholarship enabling him to work as a research
student at the Cavendish Laboratory in Trinity College,
Cambridge under J.J. Thomson. In 1910, his investigations
into the scattering of alpha rays and the nature of the inner
structure of the atom which caused such scattering led to the
postulation of his concept of the “nucleus”, his greatest
contribution to physics. According to him practically the whole
mass of the atom and at the same time all positive charge of
the atom is concentrated in a minute space at the center.
Rutherford’s chief recreations were golf and motoring.
Ernest Rutherford Image Source:
(1871–1937) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ernest_Rutherford_(Nobel).jpg
Rutherford’s Model of the Atom (1910)
• All the positive charge and most of the mass of the atom are concentrated the nucleus.
• The nucleus is about 10,000 times smaller than the atom.
• Most of the volume of the atom is occupied by the electrons outside the nucleus.
• Electrons move around the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun.
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PILOT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MATATAG K TO 10 CURRICULUM
Watch the video “Rutherford’s Alpha Scattering Experiment.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHaR2rsFNhg
Guide Questions:
1. What observations did Rutherford make in his experiment?
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2. What do his observations tell us about the structure of the atom?
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3. Draw an illustration of an atom based on the description of Ernest Rutherford.
James Chadwick’s Profile
James Chadwick (1891-1974) was born in Cheshire,
England. He gained his M.Sc. degree in 1913 after working on
various radioactivity problems under Rutherford in the
Physical Laboratory in Manchester. His hobbies include
gardening and fishing.
The atom was thought to consist of a positively charged
nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons until
1932. In 1932, James Chadwick used beryllium atoms and
bombarded with alpha particles. There was a radiation that
was unknown. According to Chadwick's interpretation, the
radiation was made up of particles that had the mass of a
James Chadwick proton (1.674927211 x 10-24 g) and a neutral electrical
(1891-1974) charge. This particle became known as the neutron.
Image Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Chadwick.jpg
Science 8 Quarter 2 12
PILOT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MATATAG K TO 10 CURRICULUM
Characteristics of a Neutron
• The neutron has a mass of 1.67262 x 10-24 g
• The neutron has no charge.
• The neutron can be found inside the nucleus.
Watch the Video “Discovery of Neutron”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8PeUNSVKo0
Guide Questions:
1. What are the characteristics of a neutron?
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2. What is the significance of the discovery of a neutron in the understanding of the atomic
structure?
Science 8 Quarter 2 13
