Classifying Angles and Shapes

I. Classifying Angles A. Definition of an Angle 1. Vertex 2. Arms/Sides B. Units of Angle

Measurement 1. Degrees (∘) 2. Radians (brief mention for higher levels if relevant) C. Types of
Angles based on Measurement 1. Right Angle a. Definition: Exactly 90∘ b. Symbol: Square box
at the vertex c. Examples: Corners of a square/rectangle 2. Acute Angle a. Definition: Greater
than 0∘ and less than 90∘ b. Examples: Angle inside an equilateral triangle 3. Obtuse Angle a.
Definition: Greater than 90∘ and less than 180∘ b. Examples: Angle inside a house roof peak (if
wide) 4. Straight Angle a. Definition: Exactly 180∘ (forms a straight line) b. Examples: A flat
surface, a protractor's base 5. Reflex Angle a. Definition: Greater than 180∘ and less than 360∘
b. Examples: Angle "outside" a shape 6. Full Rotation/Revolution a. Definition: Exactly 360∘
(a complete circle) D. Pairs of Angles (brief mention for context) 1. Complementary Angles
(sum to 90∘) 2. Supplementary Angles (sum to 180∘)

II. Classifying Shapes (Polygons and Circles) A. Introduction to Shapes 1. Definition of a

Polygon (closed, straight sides, no self-intersections) 2. Vertices, Sides, Angles B. Classification
by Number of Sides/Angles (Polygons) 1. Triangle (3 sides) a. Classification by Sides: i.
Equilateral (all sides equal, all angles 60∘) ii. Isosceles (two sides equal, two angles equal) iii.
Scalene (no sides equal, no angles equal) b. Classification by Angles: i. Right Triangle (contains
one right angle) ii. Acute Triangle (all angles acute) iii. Obtuse Triangle (contains one obtuse
angle) 2. Quadrilateral (4 sides) a. General Definition b. Specific Types (and their properties):
i. Square (all sides equal, all angles 90∘) ii. Rectangle (opposite sides equal, all angles 90∘) iii.
Rhombus (all sides equal, opposite angles equal) iv. Parallelogram (opposite sides parallel and
equal, opposite angles equal) v. Trapezoid/Trapezium (at least one pair of parallel sides) vi. Kite
(two pairs of equal-length adjacent sides) 3. Pentagon (5 sides) 4. Hexagon (6 sides) 5.
Heptagon (7 sides) 6. Octagon (8 sides) 7. ...and so on (Nonagon, Decagon, etc.) C. Circles 1.
Definition (set of points equidistant from a center) 2. Key Components: a. Center b. Radius c.
Diameter d. Circumference e. Chord f. Arc g. Sector h. Segment D. Introduction to 3D Shapes
(brief mention for broader context if desired) 1. Prisms (e.g., rectangular prisms) 2. Pyramids 3.
Cylinders 4. Cones 5. Spheres

Classify triangles by their sides:

I. Introduction to Triangles A. Definition of a Triangle 1. Three-sided polygon 2. Three

vertices 3. Three interior angles B. Importance of Classification 1. Understanding properties 2.
Solving geometric problems

II. Classification of Triangles by Side Lengths A. Equilateral Triangle 1. Definition: A

triangle in which all three sides are of equal length. 2. Properties: a. All three interior angles are
also equal. b. Each angle measures $60^\\circ$ ($180^\\circ / 3 = 60^\\circ$). c. It is a special
type of isosceles triangle (as it has at least two equal sides). 3. Visual Representation: Diagram
showing equal side markings. 4. Examples: Traffic yield sign (often equilateral).

B. Isosceles Triangle 1. Definition: A triangle in which at least two sides are of equal length. 2.
Properties: a. The angles opposite the two equal sides (base angles) are also equal. b. The side
that is not necessarily equal to the others is called the "base." c. The angle opposite the base is
called the "vertex angle. 3. Visual Representation: Diagram showing two equal side markings
and two equal angle markings 4. Examples: The sides of a roof, a standard "A-frame"
structure.

C. Scalene Triangle: 1. Definition: A triangle in which all three sides are of different lengths.
2. Properties: a. All three interior angles are also of different measures. b. No two angles are
equal. 3. Visual Representation: Diagram showing distinct side lengths (e.g., different numbers
of dashes on each side). 4. Examples: Many irregularly shaped objects.

Here's an outline for the "Classification of Triangles by Angles":

I. Introduction to Triangles (Brief Review) A. Definition: A three-sided polygon with three

interior angles. B. Fundamental Property of Triangle Angles: 1. The sum of the interior angles
of any triangle is always $180^\\circ$. 2. This property is crucial for angle classification.

II. Classification of Triangles by their Interior Angles

A. Right Triangle 1. Definition: A triangle that has exactly one interior angle measuring $90^\
circ$ (a right angle). 2. Key Components: a. Hypotenuse: The side opposite the right angle; it
is always the longest side. b. Legs: The two sides that form the right angle. 3. Properties: a. The
other two angles must be acute (less than $90^\circ$). b. The sum of the other two angles is
$90^\circ$ (they are complementary). c. Forms the basis for the Pythagorean theorem ($a^2 +
b^2 = c^2$). 4. Visual Representation: Diagram showing a square symbol at the $90^\circ$
angle. 5. Examples:** Corners of squares/rectangles cut diagonally, some roof trusses.

B. Acute Triangle: 1. Definition: A triangle in which all three interior angles are acute (each
angle measures less than $90^\circ$). 2. Properties: a. No angle is $90^\circ$ or greater. b. All
three angles are positive and sum to $180^\circ 3. Visual Representation: Diagram showing
three angles each clearly less than $90^\circ$. 4. **Examples:** Equilateral triangles (all angles
are $60^\circ$), many common triangular shapes.

C. Obtuse Triangle 1. **Definition:** A triangle that has exactly one interior angle measuring
greater than $90^\circ$ (an obtuse angle) 2. **Properties:** a. Only one angle can be obtuse (if
two were obtuse, their sum would exceed $180^\circ$). b. The other two angles must be acute. 3.
**Visual Representation:** Diagram showing one angle clearly wider than a right angle. 4.
**Examples:** The peak of some unusually wide roofs.

Classifying quadrilaterals, 7 common types:

I. Introduction to Quadrilaterals A. Definition: 1. A polygon with four sides. 2. A polygon

with four vertices (corners). 3. A polygon with four interior angles. B. Key Properties of all
Quadrilaterals: 1. The sum of interior angles is $360^\\circ$. C. Importance of Classification:
1. Understanding geometric properties. 2. Solving area, perimeter, and other geometric problems.

II. Classification of Quadrilaterals (7 Main Types)

A. Trapezoid (or Trapezium)1. Definition: A quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel
sides.2. Properties:a. Only one pair of parallel sides (called bases). b. The non-parallel sides are
called legs. 3. Visual Representation: Diagram showing parallel base lines.4. Special Case:a.
Isosceles Trapezoid: A trapezoid where the non-parallel sides (legs) are equal in length. i.
Properties: Base angles are equal, diagonals are equal. B. Parallelogram 1. Definition: A
quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides.2. Properties:a. Opposite sides are parallel.b.
Opposite sides are equal in length. c. Opposite angles are equal.d. Consecutive angles are
supplementary (sum to $180^\circ$).e. Diagonals bisect each other.
3. Visual Representation: Diagram showing parallel markings on opposite sides.C.
Rectangle 1. Definition: A parallelogram with four right angles ($90^\circ$). 2. Properties
(inherits all parallelogram properties plus): a. All four angles are $90^\circ$. b. Opposite
sides are equal and parallel.c. Diagonals are equal in length. d. Diagonals bisect each other. 3.
Relationship to Parallelogram: A rectangle is a special type of parallelogram. D. Rhombus 1.
Definition: A parallelogram with all four sides equal in lengths 2. Properties (inherits all
parallelogram properties plus): a. All four sides are equal. b. Diagonals are perpendicular
bisectors of each other. c. Diagonals bisect the angles. 3. Relationship to Parallelogram: A
rhombus is a special type of parallelogram. E. Square1. Definition: A quadrilateral that is both a
rectangle and a rhombus.2. Properties (inherits all properties of rectangles and rhombuses):
a. All four sides are equal. b. All four angles are $90^\ circ $.c. Opposite sides are parallel. d.
Diagonals are equal, bisect each other, and are perpendicular. e. Diagonals bisect the angles
(creating $45^\circ$ angles). 3. Relationship to other Quadrilaterals: A square is a special type
of rectangle, a special type of rhombus, and a special type of parallelogram. F. Kite 1.
Definition: A quadrilateral with two distinct pairs of equal-length adjacent (consecutive) sides.2.
Properties: a. One pair of opposite angles are equal (the angles between the unequal sides).b.
Diagonals are perpendicular. c. One diagonal is the perpendicular bisector of the other diagonal.
d. One diagonal bisects the pair of opposite angles.3. Relationship: Not a parallelogram (unless
it's a rhombus, which is a special type of kite).

III. Summary of Relationships A. Venn Diagram or Flowchart representation to show

hierarchical relationships (e.g., all rectangles are parallelograms, but not all parallelograms are
rectangles). B. Key distinguishing features for each type.

"Area and Perimeter":

I. Introduction to Area and Perimeter A. Geometry Basics: 1. Understanding 2-dimensional

shapes. 2. Concepts of measurement in geometry. B. Definition of Perimeter: 1. The total
distance around the outside edge of a 2D shape. 2. "Peri" (around) + "meter" (measure). 3. Units:
Linear units (e.g., cm, m, km, in, ft, mi). C. Definition of Area: 1. The amount of surface a 2D
shape covers. 2. The space inside the boundary of a 2D shape. 3. Units: Square units (e.g., cm2,
m2, km2, in2, ft2, mi2). D. Distinction between Area and Perimeter: 1. Perimeter measures
length, area measures surface. 2. Shapes can have the same perimeter but different areas, and
vice versa.

II. Calculating Perimeter for Common Shapes A. Rectangle 1. Formula: P=2×(length+width)

or P=2l+2w 2. Examples/Practice. B. Square 1. Formula: P=4×side or P=4s 2.
Examples/Practice. C. Triangle 1. Formula: P=side1+side2+side3 or P=a+b+c 2.
Examples/Practice. D. Circle (Circumference) 1. Definition: The perimeter of a circle. 2.
Formula: C=π×diameter or C=2×π×radius (C=πd or C=2πr) 3. Understanding π (Pi). 4.
Examples/Practice. E. Irregular Polygons 1. Method: Sum of all individual side lengths. 2.
Strategy: Break down complex shapes if sides are missing (e.g., using properties of rectangles).
3. Examples/Practice.

III. Calculating Area for Common Shapes A. Rectangle 1. Formula: A=length×width or

A=lw 2. Examples/Practice. B. Square 1. Formula: A=side×side or A=s2 2. Examples/Practice.
C. Right Triangle 1. Formula: A=21×base×height or A=21bh (where base and height are the
legs forming the right angle). 2. Examples/Practice. D. Any Triangle 1. Formula: A=21
×base×height or A=21bh (where height is perpendicular to the base). 2. Identifying base and
corresponding height. 3. Examples/Practice. E. Parallelogram 1. Formula: A=base×height or
A=bh 2. Understanding perpendicular height. 3. Examples/Practice. F. Trapezoid 1. Formula:
A=21×(base1+base2)×height or A=21(b1+b2)h 2. Identifying two parallel bases and
perpendicular height. 3. Examples/Practice. G. Circle 1. Formula: A=π×radius2 or A=πr2 2.
Examples/Practice. H. Irregular Rectangular Shapes (Composite Shapes) 1. Strategy:
Decompose into simpler rectangles/squares. 2. Method: Find the area of each component and
sum them. 3. Method: Find the area of a larger enclosing rectangle and subtract "missing" areas.
4. Examples/Practice.

IV. Applications and Problem-Solving A. Real-World Scenarios: 1. Fencing a yard

(perimeter). 2. Painting a wall or tiling a floor (area). 3. Calculating material needed for
construction. B. Problem-Solving Strategies: 1. Reading carefully to identify what is being
asked (perimeter vs. area). 2. Drawing diagrams. 3. Identifying relevant formulas. 4. Performing
calculations with correct units. 5. Working with fractional or decimal dimensions.

Area and perimeter of irregular rectangular shapes, and the area of different
types of triangles and other common shapes:

I. Introduction to Area and Perimeter (Brief Review) A. Perimeter: The total distance
around the outside edge of a 2D shape (linear units). B. Area: The amount of surface a 2D shape
covers (square units).

II. Area of Triangles A. Area of Any Triangle 1. Concept: Half the area of a rectangle or
parallelogram with the same base and height. 2. Formula: A=21×base×height (or A=21bh) 3.
Identifying Base and Height: a. Base can be any side. b. Height must be perpendicular to the
chosen base (from the opposite vertex). c. Height may fall inside, outside, or on one of the sides
of the triangle. 4. Examples/Practice: a. Acute triangles. b. Obtuse triangles. B. Area of Right
Triangles (Special Case) 1. Concept: The two legs of a right triangle can directly serve as the
base and height. 2. Formula: A=21×leg1×leg2 (or A=21bh, where 'b' and 'h' are the lengths of
the legs). 3. Examples/Practice:

III. Area of Shapes (Quadrilaterals) A. Area of Rectangles 1. Formula: A=length×width

(A=lw) B. Area of Squares 1. Formula: A=side×side (A=s2) C. Area of Parallelograms 1.
Formula: A=base×height (A=bh) 2. Identifying perpendicular height. D. Area of Trapezoids 1.
Formula: A=21×(base1+base2)×height (A=21(b1+b2)h) 2. Identifying two parallel bases and
perpendicular height.

IV. Area & Perimeter of Irregular Rectangular Shapes (Composite Shapes) A. Definition:
Shapes formed by combining (or removing parts from) simpler rectangles or squares. Often look
like "L" shapes, "T" shapes, etc. B. Perimeter Calculation 1. Method: Sum the lengths of all
the exterior sides. 2. Strategy: Identify and calculate any missing side lengths by extending lines
to form rectangles or by using subtraction based on known parallel segments. 3.
Examples/Practice: a. With integer side lengths. b. With fractional lengths. c. With decimals. C.
Area Calculation 1. Method 1: Decomposition (Adding Areas) a. Divide the irregular shape
into two or more simpler, non-overlapping rectangles (or squares). b. Calculate the area of each
individual smaller rectangle. c. Add the areas of all the smaller rectangles to find the total area of
the irregular shape. 2. Method 2: Subtraction (Subtracting Areas) a. Envision a larger,
complete rectangle that completely encloses the irregular shape. b. Calculate the area of this
larger enclosing rectangle. c. Calculate the area of the "missing" rectangular portions (the "cut-
out" parts). d. Subtract the area of the missing portions from the area of the larger enclosing
rectangle to find the total area of the irregular shape. 3. Examples/Practice: a. With integer side
lengths. b. With fractional lengths. c. With decimals.

V. Mixed Practice and Problem Solving A. Applying appropriate formulas and strategies for
various shapes. B. Solving word problems involving area and perimeter of these shapes.

Circles, circumference, area, and mixed practice:

I. Introduction to Circles A. Definition of a Circle: 1. A set of all points in a plane that are
equidistant from a central point. 2. Key characteristic: Perfectly round, no straight sides or
angles. B. Key Components of a Circle: 1. Center: The central point from which all points on
the circle are equidistant. 2. Radius (r): The distance from the center to any point on the circle.
3. Diameter (d): The distance across the circle passing through the center. a. Relationship: d=2r
or r=d/2. 4. Circumference: The distance around the circle (its perimeter). 5. Area: The amount
of surface enclosed by the circle. 6. Pi (π): a. Definition: The ratio of a circle's circumference to
its diameter. b. Approximate value: ≈3.14159 or 22/7. c. Significance: A fundamental constant in
circle calculations.

II. Circumference of a Circle A. Definition: The perimeter of a circle. B. Formulas: 1. Using

diameter: C=πd 2. Using radius: C=2πr C. Units: Linear units (e.g., cm, m, in, ft). D. Examples
and Practice: 1. Calculating circumference given radius. 2. Calculating circumference given
diameter. 3. Finding radius or diameter given circumference (rearranging formulas). 4. Word
problems involving circumference (e.g., wheel rotations, track length).

III. Area of a Circle A. Definition: The amount of space or surface enclosed within the circle.
B. Formula: A=πr2 (Area equals Pi times the radius squared). C. Units: Square units (e.g., cm2,
m2, in2, ft2). D. Examples and Practice: 1. Calculating area given radius. 2. Calculating area
given diameter (remember to find radius first). 3. Finding radius or diameter given area
(rearranging formula). 4. Word problems involving area (e.g., size of a circular garden, pizza
slices).
IV. Circles: Mixed Practice A. Combining Concepts: 1. Problems requiring both
circumference and area calculations in a single scenario. 2. Given circumference, find area; given
area, find circumference. B. Problem Solving with Circles: 1. Compound Shapes: Calculating
area or perimeter of shapes that include parts of circles (e.g., semicircles, quarter circles). 2.
Real-World Applications: a. Design and construction (e.g., circular tables, drainage pipes). b.
Sports (e.g., track dimensions, basketball hoops). c. Everyday objects. C. Challenge Problems
(Optional): 1. Working with inscribed or circumscribed polygons. 2. Arc length and sector area
(if applicable to the learning level).

"Rectangular Prisms, volume, surface area, and mixed practice with various number
formats:

I. Introduction to Rectangular Prisms A. Definition: A 3D solid with six rectangular faces

(also called a cuboid). B. Key Components: 1. Length (l), Width (w), Height (h) 2. Faces,
Edges, Vertices C. Purpose: Understanding the space occupied (volume) and the total area of its
surfaces (surface area).

II. Volume of Rectangular Prisms A. Concept: The amount of 3D space a prism occupies or
its capacity. B. Units: Cubic units (e.g., cm3, m3, ft3). C. Formula: V=l×w×h D. Step-by-Step
Calculation Process: 1. Identify the length, width, and height. 2. Substitute values into the
formula. 3. Perform the multiplication. 4. State the answer with correct cubic units. E. Practice
Problems: 1. Basic Examples: Integer dimensions. 2. With Fractional Lengths: a. Examples
using fractions (e.g., 1/2 in, 3/4 ft). b. Examples using mixed numbers (e.g., 221 m). 3. With
Decimal Lengths: a. Examples using decimals (e.g., 4.5 cm, 2.3 m). 4. Finding Missing
Dimensions: Given volume and two dimensions, find the third.

III. Surface Area of Rectangular Prisms A. Concept: The total area of all the faces of the
prism; the amount of material needed to cover its exterior. B. Units: Square units (e.g., cm2, m2,
ft2). C. Formula: SA=2(lw+lh+wh) D. Step-by-Step Calculation Process: 1. Identify the
length, width, and height. 2. Calculate the area of each unique pair of faces: a. Top/Bottom (l×w)
b. Front/Back (l×h) c. Left/Right (w×h) 3. Sum these three products and multiply by 2. 4. State
the answer with correct square units. E. Practice Problems: 1. Basic Examples: Integer
dimensions. 2. With Fractional Lengths: a. Examples using fractions. b. Examples using mixed
numbers. 3. With Decimal Lengths: a. Examples using decimals. 4. Using Nets: Visualizing the
unfolded prism to calculate individual face areas and then sum them.

IV. Mixed Practice with Rectangular Prisms A. Combining Volume and Surface Area
Calculations: 1. Problems that require finding both the volume and surface area of a given
prism. 2. Given one (e.g., volume) and some dimensions, find the other (e.g., surface area). B.
Problem Solving Strategies: 1. Carefully read and interpret word problems. 2. Sketch diagrams
and label dimensions. 3. Determine whether to calculate volume, surface area, or a missing
dimension. 4. Choose appropriate formulas. C. Application-Based Problems: 1. Packaging and
storage (e.g., how many items fit in a box, capacity of a moving truck). 2. Construction and
painting (e.g., how much paint for a room, material for a fish tank). 3. Real-world scenarios
involving fractional and decimal measurements. D. Specific Practice Categories: 1. Mixed
Practice with Fractional Lengths: a. Problems combining volume and surface area calculations
for prisms with side lengths expressed as fractions. b. Word problems requiring understanding of
fractional dimensions. 2. Mixed Practice with Decimal Lengths: a. Problems combining
volume and surface area calculations for prisms with side lengths expressed as decimals. b. Word
problems requiring understanding of decimal dimensions. E. Conceptual Questions: 1. How
does changing one dimension affect volume vs. surface area? 2. Comparing volumes/surface
areas of different prisms.

"3D Shapes: Types, Volume, and Surface Area":

I. Introduction to 3D Shapes (Solid Geometry) A. Definition: 1. Three-dimensional figures or

objects that have length, width (or breadth), and height (or depth). 2. Occupy space and have
volume. 3. Unlike 2D shapes, they cannot lie entirely flat on a plane. B. Key Attributes: 1.
Faces: Flat surfaces (e.g., sides of a cube). 2. Edges: Where two faces meet (lines). 3. Vertices:
Where three or more edges meet (corners). C. Importance: Real-world applications in
construction, design, engineering, etc.

II. Types of 3D Shapes A. Polyhedra (Shapes with Flat Faces) 1. Prisms: a. Definition: Two
identical, parallel bases (polygons) connected by rectangular faces. b. Naming: Named by the
shape of their base (e.g., triangular prism, rectangular prism/cuboid, pentagonal prism). c. Cube:
i. Definition: A prism with 6 identical square faces. ii. Properties: 12 equal edges, 8 vertices. d.
Rectangular Prism (Cuboid): i. Definition: A prism with 6 rectangular faces. ii. Properties: 12
edges, 8 vertices. 2. Pyramids: a. Definition: A polygonal base and triangular faces that meet at
a single point (apex). b. Naming: Named by the shape of their base (e.g., square pyramid,
triangular pyramid/tetrahedron). c. Properties: Number of faces, edges, vertices depends on the
base. 3. Other Polyhedra (Optional for higher levels): a. Regular Polyhedra (Platonic Solids):
Tetrahedron, Octahedron, Dodecahedron, Icosahedron. b. Irregular Polyhedra.

B. Non-Polyhedra (Shapes with Curved Surfaces) 1. Cylinder: a. Definition: Two parallel,

congruent circular bases connected by a curved surface. b. Properties: 3 faces (2 flat, 1 curved), 2
curved edges, 0 vertices.2.Cone: a. Definition: A circular base tapering to a single vertex
(apex).b. Properties: 2 faces (1 flat, 1 curved), 1 curved edge, 1 vertex. 3. Sphere: a. Definition:
A perfectly round 3D object where every point on its surface is equidistant from its center. b.
Properties: 1 curved face, 0 edges, 0 vertices. 4. Hemisphere: a. Definition: Half of a sphere. b.
Properties: 1 curved face, 1 flat circular face, 1 curved edge, 0 vertices.

III. Volume of 3D Shapes A. Concept of Volume: 1. The amount of space a 3D object

occupies. 2. Measured in cubic units (e.g.,cm3,m3,ft3). B. General Principle for Prisms and
Cylinders: 1. V=Base_Areatimesheight C. Formulas for Specific Shapes: 1. Cube: V=s3
(where 's' is side length) 2. Rectangular Prism (Cuboid): V=lwh (where 'l' is length, 'w' is
width, 'h' is height) 3. Cylinder: V=pir2h (where 'r' is base radius, 'h' is height) 4. Cone:
V=frac13pir2h 5. Pyramid: V=frac13timesBase_Areatimesheight 6. Sphere: V=frac43pir3 D.
Practice and Applications: 1. Calculating volume given dimensions. 2. Finding missing
dimensions. 3. Real-world problems (e.g., capacity of containers, material needed).

IV. Surface Area of 3D Shapes A. Concept of Surface Area: 1. The total area of all the faces
or surfaces of a 3D object. 2. Measured in square units (e.g.,cm2,m2,ft2). 3. Can be thought of as
the area of the object's "net" when unfolded. B. Types of Surface Area: 1. Total Surface Area
(TSA): Area of all faces/surfaces (including bases). 2. Lateral Surface Area (LSA) / Curved
Surface Area (CSA): Area of only the sides, excluding the bases (applicable to prisms,
cylinders, cones, pyramids). C. Formulas for Specific Shapes: 1. Cube: SA=6s2 2.
Rectangular Prism (Cuboid): SA=2(lw+lh+wh) 3. Cylinder: TSA=2pir(r+h) (LSA/CSA =
2pirh) 4. Cone: TSA=pir(r+l) (where 'l' is slant height); CSA=pirl 5. Pyramid:
TSA=Base_Area+frac12timesPerimeter_Basetimesslant_height 6. Sphere: SA=4pir2 D.
Practice and Applications: 1. Calculating surface area given dimensions. 2. Using nets to
calculate surface area. 3. Real-world problems (e.g., painting a room, wrapping gifts, material for
a tent).

V. Mixed Practice and Problem Solving A. Distinguishing between Volume and Surface
Area problems. B. Compound 3D Shapes: Calculating volume and surface area of objects
made from combining simpler 3D shapes. C. Real-world scenarios requiring application of
appropriate formulas and concepts.