Fans with PWM Control Function
PWM control function
1. Overview
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control function enables you to externally Fan
control the speed of the fan by varying the duty cycles of PWM input (Red)
signals between control and grounding terminals.
Power
It allows fans to operate optimally in response to the device's heat level, (Black)
supply
lowering the noise and power consumption of the system.
PWM signal generator
(Brown) Control
PWM control function has the following advantages:
(1) Because the PWM signal is digitally input, precise control is possible.
(2) Because the PWM signal is digitally input, multiple fans can be controlled.
(3) Upon users request, how the fan speed responds to PWM signals can be customized. For example, fan can be set to stop or run at
low speed at 0% PWM duty cycle.
2. PWM duty input signals and wiring diagram
Other than a TTL input, an open collector/drain input can be used for PWM signal input.
Be noted that if an open collector/drain input is used or applied an input voltage and frequency is out of specified range, how the fan
speed responds to the PWM duty cycle may be altered.
The input signal voltage and the frequency differ with models. Please contact us for details.
■ Example of input signal (TTL input) ■ Wiring example
VIH VIH =4.75 to 5.25 V
DC fan Inside of DC fan
VIL= 0 to 0.4 V power
PWM duty cycle (%) = T1×100
VIL
T
PWM frequency 25 (kHz) = 1 Control
T1 T Terminal
Current source (Isource) = 1 mA max. (when control voltage is 0 V) PWM
T signal Isource
Current sink (Isink) = 1 mA max. (when control voltage is 5.25 V) Isink
Control terminal voltage = 5.25 V max. (when control terminal is open)
When the control terminal is open, fan speed is the same as when PWM duty cycle is 100%.
3. PWM duty cycle – Speed characteristics
Fan speed of PWM control fans change, as the below performance curve shows, in response to the PWM duty cycle input.
If necessary, users can do the speed setting by themselves, making the fans operate at the optimum speed.
Also, upon user's request, how fan speed responds to a PWM signal can be customized so that the fan stops or runs at low speed for
a certain PWM duty cycle input. The below performance curve is for a fan that stops at 0% PWM duty cycle. Specifications differ with
models. Please contact us for details.
(min-1)
6000 Voltage: 12 VDC
Duty cycle=20% Fan speed
PWM frequency: 25 kHz
5000 min-1 5V 16% (800 min-1)
5000
0V of rated speed
4000
Duty cycle=50%
Fan speed
2800 min-1
5V 56% (2800 min-1)
3000
0V of rated speed
2000 Duty cycle=100%
5V
1000
800 min-1 0V Full speed (5000 min-1)
0
0 20 50 100 (%)
PWM duty cycle
The dotted part of the performance curve (area below 20% PWM duty cycle in the above case) indicates the fan speed is unstable in the area.
4. When you wish to obtain a fan performance with 100 or 0% PWM duty cycle without a PWM
Technical Material
signal generator for built-in test.
Performance at 100% PWM duty cycle: Leave the control lead wire open and no connection.
Performance at 0% PWM duty cycle: Connect the control lead wire directly to pin.
CATALOG No. C1111B001 '21.2.IT 603
Technical Material
5. Application examples of PWM control fan (min-1)
7000
Here are a few application examples of PWM control fan. 6000
1 This system controls the fan speed in response to changing device 5000
Speed
4000
temperature. 3000
By combining a PWM control circuit and thermistor that detects 2000
1000
temperature of device and its parts, it is able to control the 0
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 (˚C)
fan speed of PWM control fan in response to the changing
Temperature detected with thermistor
temperature. (%)
100
PWM Duty Cycle
Fan Ａ 80
Thermistor 60
40
20
0
PWM control circuit -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 (˚C)
Temperature detected with thermistor
2 Simultaneous control of multiple fans
Because PWM control is done with digital signal inputs, Operation mode PWM Duty Fan Fan B, C
regardless of fan types or input voltage, multiple fans Full-power 100% 5000 min -1 5000 min -1
can be controlled simultaneously. Normal 60% 3500 min -1 4000 min -1
Below figure shows a system that can control multiple Standby (eco mode) 0% Stop 1500 min -1
fans with various PWM characteristics simultaneously.
Such systems contribute to the low power consumption Fan A Fan B, C
(model that stops at 0% PWM duty (model that runs at low speed at 0%
and noise. cycle) PWM duty cycle)
(min-1) Voltage: 12 VDC (min-1) Voltage: 12 VDC
Fan B 5000 PWM frequency: 25 kHz 5000 min-1 5000 PWM frequency: 25 kHz 5000 min-1
4000 4000
Fan speed
Fan speed
3000 3000
Fan C 2000 2000
Fan Ａ
Heat 1000 1000
source
0 0
0 100 (%) 0 100 (%)
PWM control circuit
PWM duty cycle PWM duty cycle
Controlling device that easily regulates the rotational speed of PWM control fans
San Ace PWM Controller
■Features
Reduces system power consumption and fan noise
For PWM fan speed control, a PWM control circuit needs to be newly designed
and configured.
By using this product, however, PWM control function fans can be fully utilized
without the need for preparing new circuits, contributing to reducing the
system power consumption and the fan noise.
Can be common-powered by the fan power supply
The controller can be powered by the fan power supply of rated voltage 12, 24,
and 48 VDC, and no separate supply is required.
Maximum of four fans connectable Box type
Up to four fans with PWM control function can be connected and controlled.
PCB type
Please refer to page 574 for detail.
Technical Material
604 CATALOG No. C1111B001 '21.2.IT
