CSS LESSON – WEEK 1-5

WEEK 1_Use basic Functions of a www- browser to Locate

Information
The internet is a vast interconnection of computer networks that
comprises millions of computing devices. Desktop computers,
mainframes, smartphones, tablets, GPS units, video game consoles,
and smart devices all connect to the internet. No single organization
owns or controls the internet.
The World Wide Web, or web for short, is the space where digital
content is served to users of the internet. The web contains the most
popular content on the internet and—most likely—much of the
content that beginning internet users ever see.
A web browser is a type of software that allows you to find and view
websites on the Internet. Even if you didn't know it, you're using a
web browser right now to read this page! There are many different
web browsers, but some of the most common ones include Google
Chrome, Internet Explorer, Safari, Microsoft Edge, and Mozilla
Firefox.
Web Browser
(commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for
accessing information on the World Wide Web.
When a user requests a web page from a particular website, the web
browser retrieves the necessary content from a web server and then
displays the page on the user's device.
Common web browsers include Microsoft Internet Explorer, Google
Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Apple Safari
The primary purpose of a web browser is to bring information
resources to the user ("retrieval" or "fetching"), allowing them to
view the information ("display", "rendering"), and then access other
information ("navigation", "following links".
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
colloquially termed a web address, is a reference to a web resource
that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism
for retrieving it.
is a specific type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), although
many people use the two terms interchangeably.
Parts and Functions of an Internet Browser
Windows and Tabs
Address Bar or Location Line
Controls
History
Favorites or Bookmarks
Preferences
Cache

Windows and Tabs

When Web browsers serve up the pages and sites you visit during
your online sessions, they load your content into windows and tabs
Although the pictures and graphics you see on an individual page
may load in from various websites, the window typically displays
only one page, unless one site loads content from another into a
captive frame within the window
If your Web browser supports tabs, you can open multiple
destinations in docked windows that share the same window
controls.
Address Bar or Location Line
To visit an online destination, you must tell your browser where you
want to go. The address bar, also known as the location line, displays
the URL – the address – of the page you're visiting and accepts typed
or pasted input to determine the next site to display
Depending on how you set up your Internet browser preferences,
you can use a process known as autocompletion to transform part of
a Web address into the complete address for the page in question as
you're typing into the location line.
Controls
Along with the standard window controls that close and maximize
application and document windows in all computer software, Web
browser windows incorporate controls specific to browser operation
Some browsers allow you to specify which controls to display and
which to omit, but the basics include buttons to navigate back to the
last page you viewed or forward to the next in a sequence of
destinations
Other controls stop a site from loading or reloading the current
content in the window. A "home" button loads a page you specify in
your preferences as the default location to display each time you
launch your browser.
In a tabbed interface, you also may see navigation arrows to move
from one tab to another
History
Unless you change your preferences so your browser doesn't track
the sites you visit, the software includes a menu, list, palette or
window that shows a chronological list of your browsing
destinations.
When you reveal this list, you can click on individual items in it to
return to those sites or
Favorites or Bookmarks
As you traverse the Internet, you find sites that offer insights, news,
commentary, humor, purchase options and other useful content.
When you save a destination address as a favorite or bookmark,
your browser stores the URL, along with its site or page name, so
you can access it again with a single click.
Most browsers present bookmarks in much the same way they
display history states, sometimes in a floating panel that shows
both.
Preferences
Browsers offer a wide set of customization options within their
configuration options.
You can determine what the browser does when it first loads, control
add-ons that extend browser function, set up tab behavior, block
pop-ups, turn image display and JavaScript on or off, choose which
applications handle specialized website content such as audio and
PDF files, manage history and cookies, establish security settings
and tweak many other aspects of browser performance.
Cache
Internet browsers use a special storage area on your hard drive to
file away website elements they can reload to speed up page
delivery.
When these cached elements become stale, the content on the sites
you visit may display incorrectly.
If a website consultant suggests that you empty your cache, she's
trying to help you force your browser to load new content instead of
reloading old, cached files.
Here are your guides on how to strengthen your own skills.
Follow these internets safety tips for avoiding spyware and fortify
your computer security right away:
 Avoid questionable websites.
 Only download software from sites you trust. Carefully
evaluate free software and file-sharing applications before
downloading them.
 Update your operating system regularly.
 Increase your browser security settings
Here are your guides on how to strengthen your own skills.
Follow these internets safety tips for avoiding spyware and fortify
your computer security right away:
 Type in a trusted URL for a company's site into the address bar
of your browser to bypass links in an email or instant message.
 Make sure that you have the best security software products
installed on your home and business devices:
Use antivirus protection and a firewall
Get antispyware software protection
 Monitor your information diet.
 Curate content from key sources.
 Use self-control

WEEK 2 Procedures in Planning and Conducting Preventive Maintenance

PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
can be described as maintenance of equipment or systems before fault
occurs.

It can be divided into two subgroups:

Planned Maintenance
Conditioned-Based Maintenance.

Planned Maintenance (PM)

is any variety of scheduled maintenance to an object or item of
equipment.
Specifically, PM is a scheduled service visit carried out by a competent
and suitable agent, to ensure that an item of equipment is operating
correctly to avoid any unscheduled breakdown and downtime of
equipment.

Condition Based Maintenance (CBM)

is a maintenance strategy that uses the actual condition of the asset to
decide what maintenance needs to be done.
CBM dictates that maintenance should only be performed when certain
indicators show decreasing performance or upcoming failure.
Checking a machine for these indicators may include non-invasive
measurements, visual inspection, performance data and scheduled
tests.
Condition data can be gathered at certain intervals, or continuously.

Maintenance is divided into two (2) general type:

Preventive maintenance
is given for maintaining equipment and facilities in satisfactory
operating condition to extend the life of the equipment.
Corrective maintenance
- is task performed to identify, isolate and rectify a fault so that the
failed equipment or system can be restored to an operational
conditions within the tolerances or limits.

Planning Maintenance Procedures for Computer System and

Networking:
Design a systematic maintenance plan for hardware.
Design a systematic maintenance plan for your software.

A. Design a systematic maintenance plan for hardware.

1. Design a monitoring, evaluating and updating plan.
2. Place your computer in a well-ventilated area.
3. Schedule the use of computer for its longer life.
4. Move the computer only when it is turned off and unplugged.
5. Treat your computer properly.
B. Design a systematic maintenance plan for your software.
1. Backup your files.
2. Install or secure passwords.
3. Delete temporary files.
4. Update anti-virus and spyware.

Design systematic monitoring, evaluating and updating plan for

hardware.
Computers have significantly changed the working environment,
simplifying and speeding up many tasks across many work areas.
However, with these advances are some potential problems and
maintenance issues. These guidelines describe how computer
technicians, students and computer users can work together to achieve
a productive workplace environment. The guidelines reflect current
knowledge and best practice for the use of computers so you can
achieve maximum efficiency and safety in your workplace.

Place your computer in a well-ventilated area.

This will allow proper circulation of air inside the computer unit.
Schedule the use of computer for its longer life.
This will help lessen the attacks of viruses and increases the life span
of your computer.

Move the computer only when it is turned off and unplugged.

To avoid damage to the computer unit always turn off and unplug it
when transferring the computer to another location.
Treat your computer properly.
This means taking care of your computer. PCs and laptops should be
properly turned off.

Do systematic maintenance plan for your computer software.

Back-up your files

Protecting your files means creating backups, storing your file backups
on your hard drive or any removable storage device regularly.
Install or secure passwords.
Installing passwords makes your files more secure.
Delete temporary files.
Deleting the temporary files on your computer will enhance its speed
and will create more disk space for your files.
Update anti-virus and spy ware.
Regularly update your anti-virus for your computer protection against
viruses.

Diagnoses and Identification of Faulty Computer and Network Systems

A. Preventing Computer Systems Failure
Computers, in general, are pretty stable, and you can usually rely on
them to not fail you. However. If you develop some basic habits, you
can postpone serious computer problems, if not avoiding them entirely.
1. Computer issues
Know that your computer is going to fail. You need to treat your
computer as if it were a doomed failure. Always assume that failure is
imminent.
A fatal error results in data loss, damage to your computer and/or its
ability to function, hardware failure, or other serious issues.
Signs of imminent failure might include regular poor performance,
frequent errors and/or popups, unknown programs being installed,
frequent power loss (the computer shuts down automatically
frequently), frequent crashes, or certain parts not working.
2. Dust issues
Preventing failure means making sure your computer is physically clean
in its operation.
Make sure that there is not too much dust inside, especially on the
fans.
Dust can reduce performance and cause overheating.
3. RAM issues
Know your computer’s specifications and its limits.
RAM runs even though the PC is running idly.
It consumes RAM storages capacity making you difficult to open a
program if RAM storage had been consumed.
4. Malware issues
Make sure that your anti-virus software is updated to be able to scan
unnecessary files that enter your PC.
Do not install programs that you’re not familiar with or if do not fully
trust.
5. Hardware issues
When something is not working properly, either diagnose the problem
yourself and fix it, to prevent further damage, or contact a professional
and have them look at it for you.
Take advantage of warranties on parts if they fail.
6. Warning issues
If the same error message shows up every time you log in, be sure to
investigate it. Although unlikely, these errors could be important.
Week 3 SELECT MEASURING INSTRUMENTS (PMC)
PERFORMING MENSURATION AND CALCULATION (PMC)

Types of components and objects to be measured

Memory
Data storage capacity
Processor
Video card
Correct specifications from relevant sources
Measuring tools
Measurements can be Categorized into Two:
A. Common Units of Measurement
B. Digital Storage Units of Measurement

Measurements can be Categorized into Two:

Common Units of Measurement
The common unit of measurement is used to measure the length, width,
and thickness of an object. In the computer context, these are used in
determining the size of a monitor, laptop, or tablet screen, the
thickness, and dimensions of devices
Digital Data Storage (DDS) is a format for storing and backing up
computer data on tape that evolved from the Digital Audio Tape (DAT)
technology. DAT was created for CD-quality audio recording. In 1989,
Digital storage units are the ways computer data is expressed. They are
typically articulated using bytes and usually abbreviated in expression

Let’s define the following terms!

Bandwidth - a range of frequencies within a given band, in particular
that used for transmitting a signal.
Bit - The most basic unit of information that can be stored in a
computer.
Byte - Byte is an American social networking short-form video hosting
service where users can create 15-second looping videos. It was
created by a team that was led by Dom Hofmann as a successor to Vine,
which he co-founded. basic unit for storing computer information, used
for measuring the size of a document. A byte is usually made up of
eight bits. The written abbreviation is B.

Mensuration is a process of measuring and determining the value,

length, width, thickness, weight, and area of a surface or an object.

Calculation is also a deliberating process that transforms and calculate

one or more inputs into results and to determine mathematical in terms
of numbers and amount.

Types of components and objects to be measured

Ampere(Amps)
A unit of measurement of electrical current flow. A unit of
measurements which describe the amount of electric current passing a
certain point at a particular time
Centimeter
a hundredth of a meter
Inch
a portion of a foot which is an English linear measurement
Millimeter
one thousandth of meter
Megger
an instrument used to measure the insulation resistance of conductors
or wires. It gives measurements in ohms or meg-ohms.
Multi-tester/ Volt-Ohmmeter (VOM)
an electrical measuring instrument used to measure the voltage, the
resistance of current of a circuit. It is connected either through parallel
or series with the circuit depending on what to measures
Ohm
the unit of measurement used to express resistance
Ohmmeter
an instrument used to measure resistance in ohms.

WHAT IS OHM’S LAW

Ohm's Law is a formula used to calculate the relationship between
voltage, current and resistance in an electrical circuit.
To students of electronics, Ohm's Law (E = IR) is as fundamentally
important as Einstein's Relativity equation (E = mc²) is to physicists.
It states that the current through the conductor between two points is
directly proportional to the voltage across the two points.
WHAT IS OHM’S LAW
FORMULA:

V=IR
V-Voltage
I-Current
R-Resistant

Volt
a unit of measurement of electrical pressure or voltage.
Voltmeter
an instrument used to design for measuring voltage.
Wire gauge
used to measure the diameter of magnetic wire. It is used in
determining the size of wire/conductors. The ranges come from 0-60
AWG (American Wire Gauge)

AMMETER
is an instrument used to measure the amount of electrical current
intensity in a circuit. The unit of measure is ampere (a). It is connected
along or series to the circuit.
MEASURING TOOLS AND INSTRUMENT
Measurement
-is the process or the result of determining the ratio of a physical
quantity, such as length, time, temperature, etc. to a unit of
measurement, such as the meter, second or degree Celsius.
Metrology
the science of measurement
Measurement
the English word originate from Latin word means mensura and the
verbmetiri through the Middle French measure.

DIFFERENT KINDS OF MEASURING TOOLS AND PRECISION MEASURING

INSTRUMENT ARE AS FOLLOWS
Measuring tools /instrument

Test Light
is a pocket size tool used to test the line wire or circuit if there is a
current in it.
Micrometer
is used to measure the diameter of wires/ conductors in circular mils. It
can measure small and big sizes of wires and cables
Pull-push rule
is a measuring tool used to measure the length of an object in
centimetre and inches.
Clamp ammeter
is also called tong-tester
It is used to measure current flowing in a conductor.
It is clamped or hanged in a conductor

WEEK 4 Carry out measurements and calculation (PMC)

WHAT IS MENSURATION
In the broadest sense, mensuration is all about the process of
measurement. Mensuration is based on the use of algebraic equations
and geometric calculations to provide measurement data regarding the
width, depth and volume of a given object or group of objects. While
the measurement results obtained by the use of mensuration are
estimates rather than actual physical measurements, the calculations
are usually considered very accurate.
Mensuration is often based on making use of a model or base object
that serves as the standard for making the calculations. From that
point, advanced mathematics is employed to project measurements of
length, width, and weight associated with like items. The result is data
that can help to make the best use of resources available today while
still planning responsibly for the future.
Measuring Instrument
is a device for measuring physical quantity. In the physical sciences,
quality assurance, and engineering, measurement is the activity of
obtaining and comparing physical quantities of real-world objects and
events
1. Ammeters
are devices that measure current. Current in electronics is usually
measured in mA which are called milliamperes, which are 1/1000s of an
ampere.
Basically, an ammeter consists of a coil that can rotate inside a magnet,
but a spring is trying to push the coil back to zero. The larger the
current that flows through the coil, the larger the angle of rotation, the
torque (= a rotary force) created by the current being counteracted by
the return torque of the spring

2. Ohmmeters
are basically ammeters that are connected to an internal battery, with a
suitable resistance in series

3. Multimeters
contain Ohmmeters, Voltmeters, Ammeters and a variety of capabilities
to measure other quantities. AC and DC voltages are most often
measurable.

There are a lot of different tools that help in measuring. Each one
measures its own thing. Since the order of importance of tools is
determined by what your job is, we have alphabetically listed 14
different types of measuring tools and what they measure. There are
some that many people have never heard of, so we have given a quick
description of how they work.

1. Angle Gauge
An angle gauge is a digital tool used to measure angles
2. Angle Locator
are used to measure angles in hard-to-reach places.
they are shaped like a pie the rounded side, the crust of the pie, is
where the protractor is locatedthe straight arms fold in and out to
adjust the degree of the angle; it can measure up to 90º
Once you have the tool at the angle you want to measure, simply make
adjustments until both straight arms are flat on your surfaces. When
they are flat, pull the tool out and read the angle on the protractor.
That is the degree of the angle that you just measured.

3. Ruler/foot rule
is a measuring tool used to measure lengths and width and thickness of
short flat object and sketching straight lines
A ruler/rule is used in, for example, geometry, technical drawing,
engineering and carpentry to measure lengths or distances or to draw
straight lines
This instrument used to rule in a straight line and the calibrated used
to determining length called a measure
Rulers are usually 12 inches long, though you can find them longer and
shorter.
They are marked to measure inches on one side and centimeters on the
other side

4. Pull-push rule
is a measuring tool used to measure the length of an object in
centimetre and inches

5. Bubble Inclinometer
are used to measure how steep the grade of something is
Simply put the inclinometer close to the joint that you want to measure,
set the dial to zero, and open the joint until it is fully extended.
The tool will tell you the range of movement that the joint made.

6. Calipers
Calipers are used to measure the distance between two sides of
something.
They look like a double “F.” One side of the tool has a large “F” that is
used to measure the outside of an object. The other side is the small
“f” that is used to measure the inside of an object. The center mast has
measurement markings on it that allow you to get the perfect size of
opening for your project. You can see our rundown of the best digital
calipers of 2020 here

7. Laser Level
A laser measure tells you how far away something is. It measures the
distance between itself and any chosen object.

8. Level
The level is used to make sure that your projects are level.
Place the level on top of your project and make adjustments until the
bubble is in the center of the leveling vial.

9. Micrometer
Micrometers measure the length, depth, and thickness of an object.
10. Pressure Gauge
Pressure gauges measure the pressure of water and air.
For example, a water pressure gauge will tell you the amount of
pressure coming out of your faucet.
An example of an air pressure gauge would be the tire gauge that
almost everyone has used to check car or bike tires

11. Combination Square

A combination square is great for drawing lines to cut on, or for putting
marks where a notch needs to be. It measures both 45º and 90º angles
11. Combination Square
 Drywall Square
A drywall square has a four-foot blade that is used to draw out the lines
showing where you want to cut your piece of drywall. It can then be
used as a fence by placing it on the line and cutting flush against it.
  Framing Square
Framing squares are L-shaped and are used to draw straight lines on
material that you want to cut. They also have 90º angles, so you can
make sure that square items will fit in the square box with the same-
shaped corners.

12. Sliding T-Bevel Square

A sliding T-bevel square has a blade that moves, allowing you to copy
an angle to use on another item. It does not measure the degree of the
angle; it simply copies it for another use.
 Speed Square
A speed square is placed against the edge of an object and allows you
to draw either a perfectly straight line, or a very precise 45º angle.
These are the only two measurements that this tool can measure. Once
your lines are drawn, you can use the square as a fence to cut your
material.
13. Tape Measure
A tape measure is a thin metal tape that is marked to measure per inch.
It is flexible, so it can measure just about anything. Tape measures
come in a lot of different sizes, but once you get over 25 feet, it can
become hard to get them to recoil back inside the tool.
14. Thermometer
Thermometers measure temperature.
There are different kinds of thermometers that measure different
things, so they all have their own unique look.
Some things you can measure with thermometers are the temperatures
inside or outside of a building, or of materials. You can see by the list
above that there is a huge assortment of things to measure and
different tools to measure each one. We hope that this list will point
you in the right direction in finding that perfect tool for your job

WEEK 5 Performing Mensuration and Calculation

10 WAYS TO KEEP YOUR COMPUTER RUNNING SMOOTHLY INTO ITS OLD

AGE
1. Back up your data.
This gives you a clean starting point to go back to if you need to reload
everything again, and will be much faster than redoing everything manually.
Backing up your data means creating a copy of important files and storing them
in a safe place so that, if something happens to your main device, you won’t lose
everything. It’s like keeping an extra set of keys to make sure you don’t get
locked out.
Backing up is a simple habit that can save you a lot of trouble if something goes
wrong with your device. Even if you don’t think it’ll happen to you, it’s better to
be safe than sorry!
2. Clean dust from your computer.
The easiest way to clean it is with compressed air - open up the case, take it
outside, and blow the dust out. The exterior of the case can be wiped down with
a damp cloth.
Computers attract a lot of dust, and if left for too long, that dust can clog up
vents and fans, trapping heat.
Too much heat slows down your computer and can make it wear out faster. Dust
can also look dirty and trigger allergies.
A good rule of thumb is to clean your computer once a year or every 18 months.
3. Clean up your cabling, and everything else too.
There are probably two things behind your computer: a mess of cables,
and dust bunnies. If you're moving your computer, take the opportunity
to clean your desk and floor as well.

4. Organize your installation disks

Keep software, peripheral, and driver disks in a single location,
preferably close to the computer.
A shoebox works fine. Make sure you have them handy before
attempting computer maintenance or repairs - it's amazing what can
become necessary in the middle of a lengthy troubleshooting session,
and it is common to not know what you're missing until you need it!

5. Run antivirus and spyware scans regularly.

There is a tremendous variety available, everything from AVG Free to
enterprise-level solutions. Use whichever you like best.

6. Clean up your software

Every few months, look through the 'Add or Remove Programs'
interface that is found in the control panel. If there's software on there
that you don't use any more, remove it. This goes triple for browser
toolbars, free games, and other resource-eating bits of fluff. Be a little
cautious, though - some system drivers appear in this list, and can
cause hardware to stop working if you remove them.
7. Clean up your OS
There's an excellent program called CCleaner, which will clear out most
of the unneeded data automatically.

8. Update everything
The easiest way to find these is to go to the manufacturer's website, to
their support section, and then look for a 'downloads' section or search
for your product's name. If you've been having problems with a piece of
hardware or software, be sure to check for patches or updates - if other
people have been having similar problems, it's likely the manufacturer
has released a fix for it.

9. Defragment
Once your hard drive has been cleaned up, it's a good time to
defragment. This organizes your files, leading to faster disk access
times and improved system performance.
The Windows defragmenting tool (Start > All Programs > Accessories >
System Tools > Disk Defragmenter) works well, or there's a list of open
source and commercial defragmenting software available on Wikipedia
if you'd rather use something else.

10. Read more articles

The computer industry is constantly changing - even if you have the
same computer, there will be innovations that affect you. At the very
least, you'll go into your next computer purchase far better informed
than you would be otherwise.
Analyse this situation
Why you SHOULD turn it off:
Power savings
2) Possible longer component life (debatable)
3) Quieter!
4) Less dust buildup (no airflow = nothing to suck the dust in)

Why you SHOULDN'T turn it off:

1) Heat up / cool down cycles shorten component life

What is a Standard Operating Procedure?

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP)
is a step-by step set of instructions to guide team members to perform
tasks in a consistent manner.
SOPs are particularly important for complex tasks that must conform to
regulatory standards. SOPs are also critical to ensuring efficient effort
with little variation and high quality in output.

Giles Johnston
is a Chartered Engineer who consults with businesses to improve their
operational processes and is the author of Effective SOPs.
He defines SOPs as “the best agreed way of documenting the carrying
out of a task.
Charles Cox
a Principal at Firefly Consulting, a boutique consulting firm that
specializes in innovation and operational excellence, and a featured
contributor to the book Innovating Lean Six Sigma, “SOPs are
fundamental to a company’s success.”
SOPs
describe how employees can complete processes in the exact same way
every time so that organizational functions and outputs remain
consistent, accurate, and safe.
“SOPs don’t exist in a vacuum.
They come from somewhere, and it’s essential that their place in the
system be identified.
SOPs are largely the foundation of a company’s operations: If you have
no SOPs or inadequate SOPs, your company’s processes are impaired;
impaired processes lead to the inadequate execution of policies and so
on,” says Cox.

Why Do We Need Standard Operating Procedures?

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fHK1mfzyhps)
Why Do We Need Standard Operating Procedures?
Standard operating procedures, including procedures, workflows, and
work instructions, enable good communication and promote
consistency in processes and output.
SOPs help team members work toward common goals. Managers, team
members, and consultants can come together to build processes and
document those processes.
SOPs, in conjunction with regular training and feedback, guide teams to
success.
Standard Operating Procedures Remind You and Protect You

Step by-step method to develop standard operating procedures

1. Make a list of business processes that need documentation.
If you are a manager, you may consider with your employees what
processes need documentation, then compare lists with other managers
to prioritize work.
2. Choose an SOP format and template.
Chuck Cox emphasizes that the needs of the organization must inform
the format and there’s no one formatting solution for all enterprises.
Consider whether you require a formal package with metadata, such as
approval signatures and references, or whether a simple checklist will
suffice.
A workflow diagram may be an excellent way to provide an overview of
detailed processes. You may also find workflow sketches helpful while
you capture the information. If necessary, create a template before
writing begins or download one of our free, customizable standard
operating procedures templates.
3. Understand why you need an SOP.
4. Assemble a brain trust to participate in creating documents.
5. Consider how you will publish and share your SOPs.
6. Limit the scope of your documentation.
7. Determine your audience and characteristics.
8. Use your template as an outline.
9. Test your SOPs against the processes.
10. Define measures for the success of your SOPs.
11. Get the opinion of a seasoned outsider
12. Plan for updates and an annual document review.
13. Assess the risks in the processes.
14. Finalize and implement the SOPs.
Measuring Instruments / Measurement Instruments
Exact measurement is an absolute must for everyone who wants to
guarantee precise and first-class work. That is why the best measuring
instruments are necessary.
Here is a list of terms commonly used within the field of measuring
instruments to hopefully clear up any issues you may have before
making a purchase:

Accuracy
The defining variable of the device as to its accuracy and its maximum
load.
Adjust
Allows professionals to fine tune the device to ensure that only the
most accurate readings are taken, particularly useful in items such as
scales
Calibrate
To determine the error of the meter's display with respect to the true
value being measured
Calibration
Verification that the device is correctly calibrated within the limits of
the device
Calibration certificate
Documentation that states the device is correctly calibrated and
operates in conjunction with national standards
Calibration interval
To ensure that correct measurements are being taken, the device
should be calibrated periodically. This period is known as the calibration
interval. It's impossible to accurately determine when a device will
require calibration, however, it always helps to have a guide, and here
are a few key things to consider as an indication: Measurement value
and the permitted range of tolerance.

Performance of equipment.
- Frequency of use.
- Operating Conditions.
- Stability of previous calibrations.
- Accuracy required.
- Quality control requirements.

CEM (Center for Legal Metrology)

This is the federal authority for legal meteorology in Spain (CEM).

Certificate of revision:
Certification from the factory confirming that the product being
delivered meets the product specifications (specified on the data sheet)

Connection port:
Connection port to a computer for outputting data or updating software
(typically an RS-232C)

(https://youtu.be/eo9dbnrpspM)

Conformity certificate:
Certification that confirms the device conforms to stringent standards
laid out by the notifying body that the device will be compatible with
certain other devices detailed on the certificate.

Declaration of conformity:
The document that declares that a device meets CE requirements
(electronic devices always come with the distinctive CE certification
mark)

DIN EN ISO 9001 certification

This certification signifies that a company has demonstrated that they
have adapted their entire management system to meet the DIN EN ISO
9001 standard of quality.
After inspection by the relevant authorities, the company is awarded a
DIN EN ISO 9001 certificate of quality according to the management
system they have in place.
This certificate is completely different from that of the ENAC calibration
certificate which relates to the relative characteristics of the technical
measurements made by measuring instruments.
Certification according to DIN EN ISO 9001 is also not identical to an
accreditation, for yet there is no accord here as to the effects of
international recognition.

Data Logger / Data Registers:

Many devices have an internal memory for measurement values. This
memory can be used in situ to store readings or also programmed to
work in conjunction with a computer to store data for further analysis.
As such, devices equipped with a data logger can function
independently without someone continuously monitoring it

ENAC:
The "ENAC" calibration service is a union of technical measurement
laboratories that are accredited to be within determined parameters.
They are highly competent in the field of technical measurement. An
ENAC accredited laboratory has the right to issue internationally
established calibration certificates for these parameters and measuring
instruments.
ENAC certificates are valid in many countries around the world,
including those of the European Union.

Factory calibration certificate:

Factory calibration certificates are issued declaring the standards that
are a result of subjecting the measuring instruments to rigorous quality
control measures.
Quality is assured as the equipment used for quality control are
regularly maintained to ensure the highest level of accuracy. The
measuring devices are then adjusted using a quality control device and
calibrated within the factory.

Ingress protection (IP):

The higher the numerical value of IP, the less likely the device is to be
disrupted by dust and water penetrating the enclosure
Interface:
Another term to refer to a connection port, see connection port

ISO 9000:
System of quality management by way of DIN Standards to identify a
company’s level of quality control. Its full denomination is DIN EN ISO
9000.

The Importance of Measuring Tool Maintenance

Without properly functioning measuring tools, you may not be able to
get the job done right, so it’s crucial that you keep your gages in
optimal condition.
Some of these kinds of tools can be very sensitive, and slight variations
in conditions can cause them to malfunction and deliver inaccurate
results.
It’s essential that you follow proper care and maintenance procedures
with all your measuring tools.

Why is the proper care of measuring tools so important? Some of the

benefits include the following.

 Increase accuracy
 Extend life
 Lower costs

Tips for Maintaining Precision Tools

 Storage
 Cleaning
 Spot Cleaning
 Handling

Maintenance
You will also need to periodically conduct preventive gage maintenance,
including regular lubrication and calibration. It’s helpful to create a
schedule for when you will perform maintenance so you can ensure the
necessary tasks get done. You may also want to create a system for
keeping track of what maintenance tasks you complete at which times
and the conditions of your various instruments. You may want to do
some upkeep yourself and outsource other assignments to third
parties.

Maintenance
One essential aspect of gage maintenance is lubrication, as it will
prevent damage caused by corrosion and oxidation. It’s crucial that you
lubricate each device as frequently as is recommended for each device
and that you use the right lubricants in the right amounts. For many
types of precision measuring tools, lightly oil them after each use. Be
sure to remove any excess oil from the surfaces of the instrument using
a clean, dry cloth. If a device is visibly wet with oil, it may attract
particles that can cause internal wear of certain parts.

Maintenance
Be sure to use the right types of oils, and don’t use penetrating oils or
other substances made for purposes besides light lubrication. WD-40,
for example, may leave a film on your instrument that can affect its
calibration. Even a thin layer can throw off the accuracy of some
sensitive instruments.

Calibration
is another crucial part of proper gage maintenance. Many types of
measuring devices require regular calibration to ensure they perform
correctly and take accurate measurements.
Calibration involves comparing a measurement made by your
instrument with the value of the same measurement, as defined by an
accepted standard. This comparison serves to check the accuracy of the
tool. If the device’s measurement differs from the standard to a
significant degree, you will need to repair the instrument, so it is
accurate. For some devices, you may want to work with a professional
calibration company that can ensure your devices have the correct
calibration.

Calibration
You should calibrate your instruments according to the schedule
recommended for each device. All measurement devices drift out of
calibration over time, so it’s vital to recalibrate them regularly. In
addition to your scheduled recalibrations, you may also need to
recalibrate your instruments in certain other situations, such as:
• When it’s undergone a shock such as a fall
• When it’s experienced harsh conditions
• When it’s producing readings that seem incorrect
Some practices on how to maintain measuring instrument
1. Keep it clean always.
2. Use appropriate measuring instruments for the right job.
3. Store in a dry and cool place.
4. Maintain functionality for accurate measurements.
5. Fix all parts or other components after used.

WHAT IS 5-S METHODOLOGY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=52qJ-AcdkdA

WHAT IS 5-S METHODOLOGY

5-S METHODOLOGY

1.Sort (Seiri) – Organization-keeping only what is necessary and

discarding everything else.
2. Set in Order (Seiton) – Orderliness, arranging and labeling items for
easy use and return.
3. Shine (Seisō) – Cleanliness, keeping everything swept and clean for
inspection and maintenance.
4. Standardized (Seiketsu) – The state that exists when the first three
pillars are properly maintained
5. Sustain (Shitsuke) – Sustaining the discipline and making it a habit.

Note: Please refer to the PowerPoint for pictures /images of the

instruments we discussed